Avaliação da sonolência e queixas de sono dos estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Evaluation of sleepness and sleep complaints among dentistry students from the federal University of Ceará / Evaluación de somnolencia y quejas de sueño en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Federal de Ceará

O sono é um estado essencial para sobrevivência humana, ele exerce função biológica, restauradora e de conservação energética do organismo, promovendo equilíbrio físico e mental. Alta prevalência da má qualidade de sono e sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) têm sido relatadas por estudantes universitários de diversos cursos, ocasionando prejuízos na concentração e queda dos rendimentos acadêmicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sono, a SDE e suas possíveis associações com sintomas depressivos em estudantes de odontologia. Foi realizado um estudo transversal e descritivo com 251 alunos do curso de odontologia da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB). Verificou-se uma alta prevalência de má qualidade de sono (53,4%) e SDE (35,1%) entre os estudantes, sem diferença significante em relação ao sexo para ambas. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre IDB com IQSP e ESE (r = 0,478; p = 0,000 e r = 0,202; p = 0,000, respectivamente). Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de má qualidade de sono e SDE e ambos os achados apresentaram associação com sintomas depressivos.

Sleep is an essential state for human survival. It has a biological, restorative and energy conservation function for the organism, promoting physical and mental balance. A high prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been reported among university students from different courses, causing impaired concentration and a drop in academic performance. This study evaluates sleep quality, EDS and their possible associations with depressive symptoms in dentistry students. A cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted with 251 students from the Dentistry Course at the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Variables of interest were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality (53.4%) and EDS (35.1%) among students, with no significant difference regarding gender. BDI had a positive correlation with PSQI and ESS (r= 0.478, p= 0.000; and r= 0.202, p =0.000, respectively). Both findings were associated with depressive symptoms.

El sueño es un estado esencial para la supervivencia humana, tiene una función biológica, reparadora y de conservación de energía para el organismo, favoreciendo el equilibrio físico y mental. Se ha reportado una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) en estudiantes universitarios de diferentes carreras que provoca alteración de la concentración y caída del rendimiento académico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad del sueño, la SDE y sus posibles asociaciones con síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de odontología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 251 estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Farmacia, Odontología y Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Ceará. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI), la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth (ESS) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). Hubo una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño (53,4%) y SDE (35,1%) entre los estudiantes, sin diferencia significativa en relación con el género para ambos. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre BDI con PSQI y ESS (r= 0,478; p= 0,000 y r= 0,202; p = 0,000, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño y SDE, y ambos hallazgos se asociaron con síntomas depresivos.

Percepción sobre el proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de virtualidad en estudiantes de odontología / Perception of the learning process under the context of virtuality in dental students

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de odontología sobre su proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de la virtualidad. Para ello se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos, artículos de revisión y tesis publicadas desde el año 2020 hasta el 2023. Las bases de datos de donde se recopilaron los estudios fueron: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, y Google Académico. Las opiniones de los estudiantes fueron positivas en su mayoría. Los aspectos positivos de la virtualidad se relacionaron a la flexibilidad de horarios, ahorro de tiempo y gastos extras; así mismo indicaron que resulta ser una manera didáctica de llevar las asignaturas teóricas. Por otro lado, los aspectos negativos se vincularon a las asignaturas clínicas y de laboratorio, señalaron que su proceso de aprendizaje durante la pandemia fue deficiente en estas materias. Sin embargo, algunos estudios demostraron que la virtualidad es una buena alternativa complementaria para los estudiantes de preclínica, debido a que los prepara para abordar al paciente con mayor confianza y seguridad. Se puede concluir que la virtualidad es un buen aliado en el aprendizaje de educación dental, algunos de los estudiantes alientan a que esta modalidad continúe a través del tiempo, sobre todo en cursos teóricos y preclínicos. La virtualidad puede seguir siendo parte de la educación dental en nuestro país, pero de ello también depende de las estrategias y metodologías de enseñanza que lo acompañen.

The objective of this article is to know the perception of dental students about their learning process under the context of virtuality. For this purpose, a search was carried out for scientific articles, review articles and theses published from 2020 to 2023. The databases from which the studies were compiled were: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The opinions of the students were mostly positive. The positive aspects of virtuality were related to the flexibility of schedules, time savings and extra expenses; They also indicated that it turns out to be a didactic way of carrying out the theoretical subjects. On the other hand, the negative aspects were linked to clinical and laboratory subjects; they indicated that their learning process during the pandemic was deficient in these subjects. However, some studies have shown that virtuality is a good complementary alternative for preclinical students, because it prepares them to approach the patient with greater confidence and security. It can be concluded that virtuality is a good ally in learning dental education; some of the students encourage this modality to continue over time, especially in theoretical and preclinical courses. Virtuality can continue to be part of dental education in our country, but it also depends on the teaching strategies and methodologies that accompany it.

Assessing Inter-rater Reliability of the Dental Practicality Index and the American Association of Endodontists Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment Form among Undergraduates

@#Dental Practicality Index (DPI) and American Association of Endodontists Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment (AAECDA) form potentially can guide clinicians in making clinical decisions and triaging in large practices and academic settings. Nonetheless, the reliability and validity should be evaluated before institution-wide implementation. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the DPI and AAECDA forms. Ten randomly selected, trained students rated 25 cases with both forms. The itemby- item inter-rater and overall reliability were estimated with Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC2) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The association between clinical decisions and the scores was analysed with the Generalised Estimating Equation. The inter-rater reliability of DPI was generally very good (AC2 = 0.81–1.00), except context (good; AC2 = 0.718; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.575–0.861). The inter-rater reliability of AAECDA was generally very good (AC2 = 0.81–1.00) and good (AC2 = 0.61–0.80), except the radiographic appearance of the canal(s) (fair; AC2 = 0.424, 95% CI = 0.263–0.585). Moderate overall inter-rater reliability of AAECDA (ICC = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.38–0.70) and DPI (ICC = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48–0.77) was observed. Referral to an endodontist was positively associated with AAECDA score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.323, 95% CI = 1.145–1.52, p < 0.001). The decision of tooth extraction was positively associated with the DPI score (OR = 1.983, 95% CI = 1.539–2.555; p < 0.001). In conclusion, DPI and AAECDA are methods with moderate inter-rater reliability when used among dental students.

Dental students' satisfaction with their course and how it is associated to their satisfaction with life and career outlook / Satisfação com o curso de Odontologia e suas associações com a satisfação com a vida e perspectiva de carreira

ABSTRACT Identifying factors that influence the satisfaction of undergraduate dental students can contribute to establishing strategies for improving the educational process, furthering student development, and enhancing students' academic and professional achievements. Aim: the present study investigated associations between undergraduate students' satisfaction with the dental course and their satisfaction with life, perception of professional career and sociodemographic factors. Materials and method: this was a cross-sectional study on 512 dental students from a Brazilian School of Dentistry. Students were asked to respond to three questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, academic, and professional perceptions. Satisfaction with life was measured using the Brazilian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, which comprises five statements with responses scored on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from "I strongly disagree" to "I strongly agree". Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test associations between satisfaction with the dental course and key variables. Results: most participants were female (73.2%), single (99.8%) and with mean age 21.77 (±2.71) years. Approximately three quarters had a family income over three times higher than the national monthly minimum wage. Higher satisfaction with the course was associated with more optimistic perception of the job market (OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.36-4.40), better academic performance (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.00-2.74) and greater satisfaction with life (OR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.06-1.15). Students' sex and family income did not have significant impact on satisfaction with the dental course. Conclusions: satisfaction with the dental course is related to an optimistic perception of the job market, academic performance and satisfaction with life.

RESUMO Identificar os fatores que influenciam na satisfação dos estudantes de odontologia pode contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias que aprimorem o processo educacional, favorecendo o desenvolvimento dos alunos e potencializando suas conquistas acadêmicas e profissionais. Objetivo: o presente estudo investigou as associações entre a satisfação de estudantes de graduação com o curso de odontologia e sua satisfação com a vida, percepção da carreira profissional e fatores sociodemográficos. Materiais e método: um estudo transversal foi realizado com 512 estudantes de Odontologia de uma Faculdade Brasileira de Odontologia. Três questionários foram aplicados aos alunos, com o objetivo de avaliar as características sociodemográficas, percepções acadêmicas e profissionais. A satisfação com a vida foi mensurada pela versão brasileira da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida, que compreende cinco afirmações com respostas pontuadas em uma escala Likert de sete pontos, variando de "discordo totalmente" a "concordo totalmente". A análise de regressão logística foi realizada para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de Odontologia e as demais variáveis. Análises de regressão logística múltipla não-ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de odontologia e variáveis-chave. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (73,2%), solteiros (99,8%) e com média de idade de 21,77 (±2,71) anos. Aproximadamente três quartos tinham renda familiar três vezes superior ao salário-mínimo nacional. A maior satisfação dos alunos com o curso foi associada a maior percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho (OR=2,44; IC 95%: 1,36-4,40), desempenho acadêmico (OR=1,65; IC 95%: 1,00-2,74) e satisfação com a vida (OR =1,10; IC 95%: 1,06-1,15). O sexo dos alunos e a renda familiar não apresentaram impacto significativo na satisfação com o curso de odontologia. Conclusão: a satisfação com o curso de odontologia está relacionada com a percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho, desempenho acadêmico e satisfação com a vida.

The relationship between prevalence of dental anxiety and dental caries: cross-sectional study / A relação entre a prevalência da ansiedade de tratamentos odontológicos e cárie dentária: estudo transversal

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess level of DA among dental students in different grades and patients and to evaluate associations between DA and presence of dental caries. Material and Methods: Both four hundred all-grade dental students of Istanbul University and patients of Istanbul University Hospital were included in the study after random selection. Data regarding gender, oral hygiene habits, frequency of dental visits, and educational level were obtained via questionnaire. DA of participants were measured using both Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Dental Fear Survey (DFS). The prevalence of caries was determined using International Caries Detection and Assessment System Criteria (ICDAS). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests. Results: Female patients and female 4th-year students had significantly higher MDAS scores (p<0.05). First-year students had significantly higher MDAS and DFS scores than 4th and 5th-year students (p<0.05). Patients who had caries and brushed their teeth less than twice a day had significantly higher MDAS scores (p<0.05). Among 3rd-year students, individuals who visited dentist regularly had lower MDAS scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: DA among senior dental students was lower than that in younger students with an increase in knowledge about dentistry. Tooth brushing frequency and caries prevalence was associated with DA in patient group. No association was found between DA and frequency of dental visits, except in 3rd-year students (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de DA entre estudantes de odontologia de diferentes anos de graduação, pacientes e associações entre DA e apresença de cárie dentária. Material e Métodos: Quatrocentos estudantes de odontologia de todas os anos da Universidade de Istambul e pacientes do Hospital Universitário de Istambul foram incluídos no estudo após randomização. Dados sobre sexo, hábitos de higiene bucal, frequência de consultas odontológicas e escolaridade foram obtidos por meio de questionário. DA dos participantes foram medidos usando dois questionários: Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) e Dental Fear Survey (DFS). A prevalência de cárie foi determinada usando os critérios do Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (International Caries Detection and Assessment System Criteria - ICDAS). Os dados foram analisados usando os testes Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U e Qui quadrado. Resultados: Pacientes do sexo feminino e estudantes também do sexo feminino do 4º ano apresentaram scores de MDAS significativamente maiores (p <0,05). Os alunos do primeiro ano tiveram pontuações MDAS e DFS significativamente mais altas do que os alunos do 4º e 5º ano (p <0,05). Pacientes que tinham cárie e escovavam os dentes menos de duas vezes ao dia apresentaram scores de MDAS significativamente maiores (p <0,05). Entre os alunos do terceiro ano, os indivíduos que visitavam o dentista regularmente apresentaram menores scores de MDAS (p <0,05). Conclusão: A DA entre os alunos do último ano de odontologia foi menor do que entre os alunos mais jovens, devido ao aumento do conhecimento sobre odontologia. A frequência de escovação e a prevalência de cárie foram associadas à DA no grupo de pacientes. Não foi encontrada associação entre DA e frequência de consultas odontológicas, exceto em alunos do 3º ano.(AU)

Knowledge and Attitude towards Dental Unit Waterline System Decontamination among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Dental Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia

@#Introduction: Dental unit waterline system (DUWLS) decontamination is an important infection control in dental practice. This study aimed to determine knowledge and attitude towards DUWLS decontamination and its associated factors among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire administered online using Google Forms to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental students towards DUWLS decontamination. Descriptive and inferential statistics using independent t-test, Pearson, and Spearman correlation were carried out using SPSS version 24.0. Results: A total of 169 dental students participated in the study, and the majority were female (71.6%) and Malay (59.2%). The mean (SD) age was 23.2 (0.93) and 34.4 (2.65), for the undergraduates and postgraduates, respectively. The mean (SD) knowledge scores for the undergraduates and postgraduates were 11.6 (4.23) and 18.0 (2.82), respectively, whereas the mean attitude scores were 51.3 (7.86) and 54.6 (4.74), respectively. The postgraduates had significantly higher mean knowledge and attitude scores than the undergraduates (p<0.001). The significant factors associated with the undergraduates’ knowledge were received information and guidance and their personal experience in managing DUWLS (p<0.05). However, only received information on DUWLS was significantly associated with the postgraduate’s knowledge score (p=0.011). Age factor had a significant association with the attitude score among the postgraduates (p=0.014). Conclusion: The knowledge regarding DUWLS decontamination was relatively moderate in both groups. However, both groups showed a favourable attitude towards DUWLS decontamination. Significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores were presented among the postgraduates than the undergraduates.

The self-confidence of dental students in oral surgery / La autoconfianza de los estudiantes de odontología en cirugía oral

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to evaluate the self-confidence of undergraduate students and thus to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of oral surgery education from the students' perspectives. A survey was conducted by preparing a questionnaire to assess the the self-confidence of students in performing oral surgery. Survey questions have been imported to Google Forms®. It was then electronically delivered to the students through the Turkish Dental Association. Regarding the data, besides the frequency and percentage distributions, the relationship between the variables was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. A total of 615 students, including 386 female and 229 male students, participated in this study. Of the students, 62.4% were 5th year and 37.56% were 4th year students. According to the survey, it was observed that male students and 5th year students were in general more confident in themselves. Students had low self-confidence in differentiating between odontogenic and non- odontogenic pain and recognizing malignant lesions or lesions with high malignant potential. In the oral surgery curriculum, subjects in which the students have issues should be identified and more emphasis should be placed on them. Oral pathology as well as head and neck anatomy courses should be emphasized further, priority should be given to case-based courses, and reminder presentations should be made at certain intervals. In addition, considering that practice is important for gaining self- confidence, students must practice more under the supervision of instructors in the areas in which they feel inadequate.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la autoconfianza de los estudiantes de pregrado y así resaltar las fortalezas y debilidades de la educación en cirugía oral desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. Se realizó una encuesta mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario para evaluar la autoconfianza de los estudiantes en la realización de cirugía oral. Las preguntas de la encuesta se importaron a Google Forms®. Luego se les entregó electrónicamente a los estudiantes a través de la Asociación Dental Turca. En cuanto los datos, además de las distribuciones de frecuencia y porcentaje, se analizó tambien la relación entre las variables mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado. Se participaron 386 estudiantes femininas y 229 estudiantes masculinos en este estudio, un total de 615 personas. El 62,4% de los estudiantes eran del 5º año y el 37,56% eran estudiantes del 4º año. Según la encuesta, se observó que los estudiantes masculinos y los estudiantes del 5º año tenían en general más confianza en sí mismos. Los estudiantes tenían poca confianza en sí mismos para diferenciar entre dolor odontogénico y no odontogénico y reconocer lesiones malignas o lesiones malignas con alto potencial. En el plan de estudios de cirugía oral, se deben identificar las materias en las que los estudiantes tienen problemas y se debe poner más énfasis en ellas. Se debe enfatizar aún más los cursos de patología oral, así como de anatomía de cabeza y cuello. Se debe dar prioridad a los cursos basados en casos, y se deben hacer presentaciones recordatorias a ciertos intervalos. Además, considerando que la práctica es importante para aumentar la autoconfianza, los estudiantes deben practicar más bajo la supervisión de instructores en las áreas en las que se sienten inadecuados.

Simuladores en odontología y la formación de habilidades clínicas: un diálogo permanente / Simulators in dentistry and clinical skill training: a permanent dialogue

El avance tecnológico evidencia el gran desarrollo de los simuladores en la educación odontológica. Con el transcurrir de los años, el uso de simuladores como herramienta educativa para el logro de competencias en estudiantes de preclínica ha tenido una creciente incorporación en los planes de estudio. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la historia de los simuladores en la educación odontológica e identificar las habilidades desarrolladas con el uso de simuladores en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado a nivel mundial. Al respecto, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos indexados en bases de datos como Medline, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Google académico y Redalyc; se desarrolló la búsqueda bibliográfica hasta enero 2021 y se consideró las siguientes palabras clave: simulación, educación en odontología, estudiantes de odontología, educación basada en competencias. En los resultados se identificó cuatro etapas relevantes como una manera interactiva para explicar la historia de la simulación en odontología, cada una de estas etapas estuvo determinada por el impacto tecnológico de cada época, la necesidad de entrenamiento de los estudiantes y la integración en los planes de estudio. Con esta revisión, se concluyó que existe evidencia que el uso de simuladores durante la formación preclínica universitaria desarrolla habilidades en el estudiante de odontología, y que estas habilidades clínicas están relacionadas con el tipo de simulador usado durante su formación de pregrado.

Technological advance shows the great development of simulators in dental education. The use of simulators as an educational tool to achieve competencies in preclinical students has been increasingly incorporated into the study plans. Therefore, this article aims to review the history of simulators in dental education and identify the skills developed with the use of simulators in undergraduate university students worldwide. In this regard, a search was carried out for scientific articles indexed in databases such as Medline, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Academic Google and Redalyc; the bibliographic search was carried out until January 2021 and the following keywords were considered: simulation, dental education, dentistry students, competency-based education. In the results, four relevant stages were identified as an interactive way to explain the history of simulation in dentistry, each of these stages was determined due to the technological impact of each era, the need for training of the students and the integration into the study plans. It was concluded that there is evidence that the use of simulators during preclinical university training develops skills in dental students, these are related to the type of simulator used during their undergraduate training.

Knowledge and Awareness about Antibiotic Usage and Emerging Drug Resistance Bacteria among Dental Students

Antibiotics are commonly used in dental practice. It has been estimated that 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions are related with dental infection. Antibiotic treatment is a feature of pharmacotherapy with the particularity of providing both prophylactic and curative action. It was introduced in the mid twentieth century in the form of sulfa drug (1935), penicillin (1941), tetracycline (1948) and erythromycin (1952). Since then, antibiotics have focused much clinical and pharmacological research, in response antibiotics, the consolidation of new disease, and novel clinical situations.to “Penicilin antibiotics are commonly use in dental practice. Amoxicillin, metronidozole and clavulanate are frequently prescribed drugs by dentists.” The aim of this study is to create knowledge and awareness about antibiotic usage and emerging drug resistance bacteria among dental students. The Questionnaires had been prepared and distributed to 100 participants of dental students. The resulting data have been analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated. Most of the participants in the survey were aware about antibiotic use and emerging drug resistance bacteria. From this present study, it can be concluded that the participants are aware about antibiotic usage and drug resistance bacteria

A survey of the understanding of the scope of work undertaken by dental hygienists and chair-side dental assistants among dental students in Seoul / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the awareness of the students currently attending dental colleges/schools in Seoul regarding the scope of work done by a dental hygienist (DH) and a chair-side dental assistant (DA).METHODS: A direct questionnaire survey was conducted among 950 students who currently attend dental colleges/schools in Seoul. We were able to use a total of 458 samples for final analysis after excluding inappropriate ones. The contents of this structuralized survey included the obligation of proper name badge use for dental health care personnel, the legal work scopes of a DH and a DA in accordance with the revised execution of the ‘Legal Acts on Medical Technicians’, and the inclusion/exclusion of such contents from dental colleges/schools curricula. The results were statistically analyzed via the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 software.RESULTS: Many subjects were aware of the difference in scope of work performed by a DH and a DA (P < 0.001), but not their legal obligation to wear appropriate name badges in accordance with the ‘Proposal for the Establishment of the Name Badge Standards for Healthcare Practitioners'. The subjects generally showed higher comprehension of the scope of work performed by a DH (74.3%) than that performed by a DA (57.7%). Without the presence of any corresponding curriculum, accurate responses tended to increase with the students' seniority. Most students (94.4%) agreed with the need to include a class that teaches the scope of work performed by a DH and a DA in their school curricula.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that education regarding ‘Name Badge Standards for Healthcare Practitioners’ and classification of a dental assistant's scope of work is lacking in the existing curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to establish additional curriculum.

Objective criteria for assessment of the quality of dental restorations improve student's critics towards the treatment assignment: a randomized controlled trial / Critérios objetivos para avaliar a qualidade de restaurações dentárias aumentam a crítica de estudantes acerca do tratamento designado: um ensaio randomizado controlado

Introduction: Objective parameters may help the decision of how to manage existing dental restorations in patients. Objective: This study tested the following hypotheses: i) teaching objective criteria to dental students enhances their criticism toward the indication for replacement of dental restorations; and ii) a complementary practical approach enhances the proportion of correctly indicated treatments compared with a strictly theoretical approach. Method: This block-randomized controlled trial involved dental students from a Brazilian university who were randomized to either a didactic/theoretical class group (A, control) or a didactic/theoretical class followed by practical training (group B); both conditions were applied in a moodle-based environment. The proportion of correctly indicated interventions before and after teaching the criteria was compared with using Mann-Whitney U-test (p<0.05), and a comparison between the approaches was established with Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Result: The baseline proportion of correct assignments significantly increased after interventions for both groups (p=0.02), with no significant difference between the interventions (p=0.871). Conclusion: The proposed online training enhanced the proportion of correct assignments to restorations, confirming the first study hypothesis. The second hypothesis was rejected because differences between the strategies had no effect on the proportion of correct answers. Focusing on teaching objective criteria for assessment of the quality of restorations would enhance students' ability to correctly treat them.

Introdução: Parâmetros objetivos podem auxiliar a decisão de como lidar com restaurações existentes em pacientes. Objetivo: Este estudo testou as hipóteses que seguem: i) o ensino de critérios objetivos a estudantes de odontologia melhora sua crítica acerca da indicação para substituição de restaurações; e ii) uma abordagem prática complementar aumenta a proporção de tratamentos indicados corretamente comparada com uma abordagem estritamente teórica. Método: Este ensaio randomizado em bloco controlado envolveu estudantes de odontologia de uma universidade brasileira que foram randomizados para um grupo que recebeu uma aula teórica (A, controle) ou uma aula teórica seguida por um treinamento prático (grupo B); ambas as intervenções foram aplicadas em um ambiente moodle . A proporção de restaurações indicadas corretamente antes e depois do ensino dos critérios foi comparada com o teste U de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05), e a comparação entre as intervenções foi estabelecida com o teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Resultado: A proporção de indicações corretas aumentou significativamente após as intervenções para ambos os grupos (p=0,02), sem diferença significativa entre as intervenções (p=0,871). Conclusão: O treinamento online proposto aumentou a proporção de indicações corretas às restaurações, confirmando a primeira hipótese do estudo. A segunda hipótese foi rejeitada visto que as diferenças entre as intervenções não tiveram efeito na proporção de respostas corretas. O foco no ensino de parâmetros objetivos para avaliação da qualidade das restaurações pode aumentar a habilidade dos estudantes de tratá-las corretamente.

Five canals on mandibular first molar successfully managed by undergraduate dental student: an educational case report

Undergraduate dental student's eligibility and ability to treat difficult endodontic cases is a new area open for debate. a fifth year undergraduate dental student managed to perform a successful root canal treatment (RCT) on a 42 year old male patient diagnosed as a rare case of mandibular first molar with five root canals. as an educational case report, in a country like Sudan, close supervision and clinical training of undergraduate students in treating difficult endodontic cases is recommended.

Salivary levels of SIgA and perceived stress among dental students / Imunoglobulina A salivar e fatores de estresse em estudantes de odontologia

Background: Academic stress may impair mucosal immunity and expose dental students to an increased risk of infections. Objective: to assess stress scores in dental students and their relationship with variation in SIgA levels. Methods: All students (n = 289) were invited to take part of the study, and 207 (71.63%) effectively participated, being 152 (73.4%) females. At the day of data collection, the students answered The Dental Environmental Stress Questionnaire (DES) and unstimulated saliva samples were collected for determination of salivary flow rate and SIgA concentration and secretion rate. Results: Mean DES scores were higher in females (78.97 ± 16.42), but no correlations between the sum of DES scores and salivary parameters were observed (P=0.08). A moderate inverse relationship was observed between SIgA secretion rates and the subscales Academic Performance (P=0.01), Interpersonal relationships (P=0.02) and Difficulties and Insecurities about Professional Future (P=0.05). A weak correlation was found between SIgA concentration and the items Amount of assigned classwork (P=0.02), Lack of confidence in self to be a successful dentist (P=0.01), Lack of time for relaxation (P=0.01), Financial responsibilities (P=0.02) and Personal physical health (P=0.005). Weak correlations between SIgA secretion rates and DES items were also found for Lack of cooperation by patient in their home care (P=0.003), Patients being late or not showing up for their appointments (P=0.02), Lack of self confidence to be a successful dentist (P=0.008), Personal physical health (P=0.019), and others. Conclusion: Different sources of stress were observed among first to fifth year students and some of these stressors may negatively impact on salivary SIgA secretion. (AU)

Introdução: o estresse acadêmico pode prejudicar a imunidade das mucosas e expor os estudantes de odontologia a um maior risco de infecções. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores de estresse em estudantes de odontologia e sua relação com a variação nos níveis de SIgA. Metodologia: Todos os alunos (n = 289) foram convidados a fazer parte do estudo, dos quais 207 (71,63%) participaram efetivamente, sendo 152 (73,4%) do sexo feminino. No dia da coleta de dados, os alunos responderam ao Questionário de Estresse no Ambiente Odontológico (DES) e foram coletadas amostras de saliva não estimuladas para determinação da taxa de fluxo salivar, da concentração de SIgA e da taxa de secreção. Resultados: os escores do DES foram maiores no gênero feminino (78,97 ± 16,42), mas não foram observadas correlações entre a soma dos escores DES e os parâmetros salivares (P = 0,08). Observou-se uma relação inversa moderada entre as taxas de secreção de SIgA e as subescalas Desempenho Acadêmico (P = 0,01), Relações Interpessoais (P = 0,02) e Insegurança em relação ao futuro profissional (P = 0,05). Uma correlação fraca foi encontrada entre a concentração de SIgA e os itens quantidade de trabalho exigido em sala de aula (P = 0,02), falta de autoconfiança para ser um dentista de sucesso (P = 0,01), falta de tempo para relaxar ou para lazer (P = 0,01), responsabilidades financeiras (P = 0,02) e saúde física pessoal (P = 0,005). Também foram encontradas correlações fracas entre as taxas de secreção de SIgA e os itens DES para falta de cooperação por parte do paciente em seus cuidados (P = 0,003), Atraso ou falta de pacientes nas consultas (P = 0,02), falta de autoconfiança para ser um dentista bem sucedido (P = 0,008), saúde física pessoal (P = 0,019) e outros. Conclusão: diferentes fontes de estresse foram observadas entre os estudantes do primeiro ao quinto ano e alguns desses fatores podem afetar negativamente a secreção de SIgA. (AU)

Root Canal Treatment of Three - Rooted Maxillary Second Premolar Done by Undergraduate Dental Student - A Case Report.

The possibility of a three rooted maxillary second premolar is extremely rare; diagnosis and treatment of such cases is challenging especially for undergraduate dental students. The aim of this report is to present a root canal treatment of a very rare case of a three rooted upper maxillary second premolar tooth done by an undergraduate dental student. The tooth was diagnosed as acute irreversible pulpitis. Visually the tooth morphologically looked as a normal premolar but radiographically revealed anatomical variations of three roots. Access cavity was opened carefully; three canals were detected, negotiated, biomechanically prepared and obturated by cold gutta percha lateral condensation technique. The tooth is now completely asymptomatic for almost five months and will be both clinically and radiographicaly monitored bimonthly. A correct radiographic and clinical examination based on knowledge of anatomical variation of this tooth is necessary for successful treatment and better prognosis. Under direct supervision, undergraduate clinical students can perform root canal treatment of difficult cases.

Risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in dental postgraduates:A survey on occupational hazard / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs)in dental postgraduates.Methods:271 dental postgraduates majoring in five different specialties(orthodontics,prosthodontics,endodontics,periodontics and alveolar surgery) with average (2.78 ±1 .57)years of clinical practice were recruited.254 age-matched non-dental postgraduates were served as the controls.The standardized Nordic questionnaire on MSDs and a self-report questionnaire regarding correlative factors were answered. Reliability of the responses was assessed by applying test-retest method.Results:The test-retest method revealed a high reliability of participants'answers with the intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.89 to 0.96.Dental postgraduates had significantly higher incidence (85.6%)of MSDs than the controls(70.4%).In all included dental specialties,high prevalence of MSDs was reported at neck (47.5%-69.8%),followed by shoulders (50.8%-65.1 %),lowerback (27.1 %-51 .2%)and upper back (25.6%-46.5%).Meanwhile,the high prevalence of MSD varied in different specialties.Year of clinical work,clinical hours per week and desk hours per week were found to be the risk factors for MSDs,whereas physical exercise and rest were protective factors.Conclu-sion:MSDs with high prevelence and distinct specialty-related characteristics initiate at the early stage of dental career.Relevant measures to prevent and protect against MSDs should be taken during school-days.

Prevalencia de síntomas asociados a trastornos musculoesqueléticos en estudiantes de odontología / Prevalence of symptoms associated to musculoskeletal disorders in dental students

Existe una alta prevalencia de dolor musculoesqueletal en odontólogos y estudiantes de odontología alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación será determinar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a trastornos musculoesqueléticos en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Austral de Chile. Un cuestionario de auto respuesta fue aplicado a 206 estudiantes entre segundo y quinto año al finalizar el semestre académico. El cuestionario incluyó preguntas de antecedentes generales y de presencia de síntomas según tipo, localización, intensidad, frecuencia y momento del día en que aparecen. El 83 por ciento de los estudiantes reportaron molestias musculoesqueléticas encontrando en general una mayor prevalencia en mujeres. En hombres la zona más reportada fue la espalda media, y en mujeres la zona del cuello y hombro. La mayor intensidad se concentró en mujeres con nivel de dolor 4 y en hombres con nivel 3 (según escala EVA). El momento del día con más molestias fue al terminar el trabajo clínico. Según el año de la carrera que cursan, la mayor prevalencia se observó en cuarto año y el síntoma más frecuente fue el cansancio y la fatiga. El incremento en la carga académica y clínica estaría relacionada con una alta prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en estudiantes de odontología.

There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dentists and dental students around the world. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in dental students of the Universidad Austral de Chile. A self responded questionnaire was applied to 206 students between second and fifth year, at the end of the academic semester. The questionnaire included questions of general background and symptoms presence depending on type, location, intensity, frequency and time of the day in which they appear. An 83 percent of the students reported musculoskeletal discomfort, finding a higher prevalence among women. According to the school year, the highest prevalence was observed in fourth year and the most frequent symptom was tiredness and fatigue. In men, the most reported area was mid back, and in women neck and shoulder. The highest intensity was focused on women with pain level 4 and in men with level 3 (depending on the scale (VAS). The moment of the day with higher discomfort was at the end of the clinical work. A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found, probably related to the progressive increase of clinical work.

Historia, severidad de caries y necesidades de tratamiento periodontal en estudiantes de odontología de Cartagena / History, tooth decay severity and needs of periodontal treatment in students of dentistry of Cartagena

Objetivo: Determinar historia, severidad de caries y necesidades de tratamiento periodontal y su relación con variables demográficas en estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra probabilística de 221 estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública de Cartagena. Se hicieron mediciones clínicas a través de los índices COP, ICDAS II, INTCP, higiene oral simplificado de Green y Vermillion. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado usando razones de disparidad y prueba estadística x2 para la significancia estadística. Resultados: El promedio del COP-D fue de 4,2 y la severidad de caries COP < 6 fue de 77,3% y COP >7 de 22,6%. En cuanto al tratamiento periodontal, los participantes necesitan: instrucción de higiene oral y motivación (29,4%), detartraje supragingival, profilaxis, higiene oral, motivación (22,6%), tratamiento complejo, profilaxis, higiene oral y motivación (41,1%). El análisis de razones de disparidad mostró asociación entre la higiene oral y la severidad de caries (OR=3,3) y enfermedad periodontal (OR=2,9). Conclusiones: Dada la carga de morbilidad en salud oral en esta población, se hace necesario implementar políticas que faciliten y fortalezcan una cultura de prevención y promoción en salud desde el ámbito universitario.

Objetive: To determined history, severity of tooth decay and needs of periodontal treatment in student of dentristry and its relationship with variable population. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried on a sample probability of 221 student of dentistry at a public University of Cartagena. Clinical measurements were carried out through the indices COP, ICDAS II, CPITN, simplified oral hygiene of Green and Vermillion. Was achieved univariate and bivariado analysis using reasons for disparity and the statistical test x2 for significance statistics. Results: The average of the COP-D was 4.2 and the severity of tooth decay COP <: 6 was 77, 3% and COP > 7:22, 6%. Periodontal treatment, participants need: instruction of oral hygiene (HO) and motivation (29, 4%), detartraje supragingival, prophylaxis, oral hygiene, motivation (22, 6%), complex treatment, prophylaxis, oral hygiene and motivation (41, 1%). The analysis of reasons for disparity showed association between oral hygiene and the severity of tooth decay (OR = 3, 3) and periodontal disease (OR = 2, 9). Conclusions: Due to the high burden of disease in oral health in this population, it is necessary to implement policies to facilitate and strengthen a culture of prevention and promotion in health from the University level.

Comparison of Fourth-year Comprehensive Examinations and Computer-based Testing in the Nationwide Medical and Dental Student Evaluation System / 医学教育

To demonstrate the quality assurance of comprehensive examinations for fourth-year students at Nippon Medical School, scores on comprehensive examinations were compared with those on a trial of computer-based testing (CBT) of a nationwide medical and dental student evaluation system in 2003. Pearson's correlation coefficients between scores of two comprehensive examinations and the CBT score were 0.45 and 0.67, and the correlation coefficient between the average score of the two comprehensive examinations and the CBT score was 0.55. Fourth-year comprehensive examinations are useful tools for summative evaluation and prediction of CBT performance.