COVID-19 Computed tomography patterns in renal replacement therapy patients / Padrões de tomografia computadorizada da COVID-19 em pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung diseases are common in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), making differential diagnosis with COVID-19 a challenge. This study describes pulmonary chest tomography (CT) findings in hospitalized ESKD patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Methods: ESKD individuals referred to emergency department older than 18 years with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were recruited. Epidemiological baseline clinical information was extracted from electronic health records. Pulmonary CT was classified as typical, indeterminate, atypical or negative. We then compared the CT findings of positive and negative COVID-19 patients. Results: We recruited 109 patients (62.3% COVID-19-positive) between March and December 2020, mean age 60 ± 12.5 years, 43% female. The most common etiology of ESKD was diabetes. Median time on dialysis was 36 months, interquartile range = 12-84. The most common pulmonary lesion on CT was ground glass opacities. Typical CT pattern was more common in COVID-19 patients (40 (61%) vs 0 (0%) in non-COVID-19 patients, p < 0.001). Sensitivity was 60.61% (40/66) and specificity was 100% (40/40). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 62.3%, respectively. Atypical CT pattern was more frequent in COVID-19-negative patients (9 (14%) vs 24 (56%) in COVID-19-positive, p < 0.001), while the indeterminate pattern was similar in both groups (13 (20%) vs 6 (14%), p = 0.606), and negative pattern was more common in COVID-19-negative patients (4 (6%) vs 12 (28%), p = 0.002). Conclusions: In hospitalized ESKD patients on RRT, atypical chest CT pattern cannot adequately rule out the diagnosis of COVID-19.

RESUMO Introdução: Doenças pulmonares são comuns em pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET), dificultando o diagnóstico diferencial com COVID-19. Este estudo descreve achados de tomografia computadorizada de tórax (TC) em pacientes com DRET em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) hospitalizados com suspeita de COVID-19. Métodos: Indivíduos maiores de 18 anos com DRET, encaminhados ao pronto-socorro com suspeita de COVID-19 foram incluídos. Dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram extraídos de registros eletrônicos de saúde. A TC foi classificada como típica, indeterminada, atípica, negativa. Comparamos achados tomográficos de pacientes com COVID-19 positivos e negativos. Resultados: Recrutamos 109 pacientes (62,3% COVID-19-positivos) entre março e dezembro de 2020, idade média de 60 ± 12,5 anos, 43% mulheres. A etiologia mais comum da DRET foi diabetes. Tempo médio em diálise foi 36 meses, intervalo interquartil = 12-84. A lesão pulmonar mais comum foi opacidades em vidro fosco. O padrão típico de TC foi mais comum em pacientes com COVID-19 (40 (61%) vs. 0 (0%) em pacientes sem COVID-19, p < 0,001). Sensibilidade 60,61% (40/66), especificidade 100% (40/40). Valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram 100% e 62,3%, respectivamente. Padrão atípico de TC foi mais frequente em pacientes COVID-19-negativos (9 (14%) vs. 24 (56%) em COVID-19-positivos, p < 0,001), enquanto padrão indeterminado foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (13 (20%) vs. 6 (14%), p = 0,606), e padrão negativo foi mais comum em pacientes COVID-19-negativos (4 (6%) vs. 12 (28%), p = 0,002). Conclusões: Em pacientes com DRET em TRS hospitalizados, um padrão atípico de TC de tórax não pode excluir adequadamente o diagnóstico de COVID-19.

Construction of performance management system for pharmacy department of tertiary public hospitals under new situation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the work efficiency of staff and promoting the discipline construction of pharmacy department. METHODS By analyzing the current situation of performance management in the pharmacy department of our hospital， the key successful factors were sorted out， strategic decoding was carried out and key performance indicators were extracted. The quarterly and annual performance appraisal forms were formulated for the departments of pharmacy warehouse， outpatient pharmacy， ward pharmacy， clinical pharmacy department， prescription examination center， laboratory and other departments； the performance management information platform was built. The work efficiency and output of each department were compared half a year before and after the implementation of the performance management plan. RESULTS After the implementation of the program， the average queuing time for drug collection in the outpatient department was shortened from 5 minutes to 3 minutes， the average number of dispensing infusion bags per hour in the pharmacy intravenous admixture services increased from 50 bags to 60 bags， and antibacterial use density of the hospital decreased from 42.7 DDD（defined daily doses） to 40.2 DDD. The number of academic papers published had increased from 8 to 10， and the satisfaction of clinical departments with ward pharmacies increased from 85% to 95%. CONCLUSIONS The performance management system has been successfully established in pharmacy department of our hospital， which can improve the enthusiasm of pharmacists， reflect the value of pharmaceutical care， and promote the discipline construction of pharmacy.

Profile of cardiovascular diseases and physiotherapeutic intervention in a hospital emergency service / Perfil das doenças cardiovasculares e atuação fisioterapeutica em um serviço de emergência hospitalar

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the lead-ing cause of death globally, with a high proportion of hospitalizations and costs. In view of this, it is essential to understand the main CVDs in patients admitted to hospital emergency services and the role of physiotherapists, in order to plan and direct health services, and to denote participation and encourage specific physiotherapy training in the context of tertiary care. Objective To outline the profile of cardiovascular emergencies and to evaluate physiotherapy in adult patients in the emergency department of a hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Methods This was an observational study which analyzed 1,256 on-call records over a period of eight months. The data collected included age, gender, cardiovascular diagnostic hypothesis and physiotherapy treatment carried out. Results A total of 75 patients with cardiovascular emergencies were included, the most prevalent of which were: heart failure (n = 21), acute coronary syndrome (n = 14), acute myocardial infarction (n = 13), bradyarrhythmia (n = 6) and hypertensive crisis (n = 5). Regarding physiotherapeutic actions and their applications, the most frequent were invasive mechanical ventilation management (n = 34), lung re-expansion maneuvers (n = 17), orotracheal intubation assistance (n = 17), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 14), bronchial hygiene maneuvers (n = 12), kinesiotherapy (n = 10) and sedation (n = 10). Conclusion Heart failure and acute coronary syndrome were the cardiovascular diseases that caused the most admissions to the hospital emergency department and that the procedures with an emphasis on the respiratory system were the most applied.

Resumo Introdução As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) repre-sentam a principal causa de morte global, destacando-se em internações e gastos. Diante disso, é essencial compreender as principais DCV em pacientes admitidos em serviços de emergência hospitalar e a atuação do fisioterapeuta para planejamento e direcionamento dos serviços de saúde e para denotar a participação e incentivar formações fisioterapêuticas específicas no contexto da atenção terciária. Objetivo Traçar o perfil de emergências cardiovasculares e avaliar a atuação fisioterapêutica em pacientes adultos de serviço de emergência de um hospital no interior do estado de São Paulo. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional, em que foram analisadas 1.256 fichas de passagem de plantão, no período de oito meses. Os dados coletados foram idade, sexo, hipótese diagnóstica cardiovascular e tratamento fisioterapêutico realizado. Resultados Foram incluídos 75 pacientes que apresentavam o perfil de emergências cardiovasculares, sendo as mais prevalentes: insuficiência cardíaca (n = 21), síndrome corona-riana aguda (n = 14), infarto agudo do miocárdio (n = 13), bradarritmia (n = 6) e crise hipertensiva (n = 5). Em relação à atuação fisioterapêutica e suas aplicações, as mais frequentes foram manejo da ventilação mecânica invasiva (n = 34), manobras de reexpansão pulmonar (n = 17), auxílio a intubação orotraqueal (n = 17), ventila-ção mecânica não invasiva (n = 14), manobras de higiene brônquica (n = 12), cinesioterapia (n = 10) e sedestação (n = 10). Conclusão A insuficiência cardíaca e a síndrome coronária aguda foram as doenças cardiovasculares que mais ocasionaram internação no serviço de emergência hospitalar e as condutas com ênfase no aparelho respiratório foram as mais aplicadas.

Ultrassonografia na prática assistencial do enfermeiro do bloco operatório: revisão de escopo / Ultrasound in the care practice of the nurse in the operating room: scope review

OBJETIVO: identificar na literatura científica aplicações para o uso da ultrassonografia por enfermeiros no bloco operatório. MÉTODO: revisão de escopo realizada de acordo com a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs para responder à pergunta norteadora: Quais os possíveis usos da ultrassonografia por enfermeiros do bloco operatório? Os artigos foram buscados nas principais bases internacionais de literatura científica e cinzenta. Os descritores utilizados serão ultrassonografia e centros cirúrgicos. A pesquisa se orientou pelo acrônimo P-C-C: P ­ Participantes: Equipe de Enfermagem do Centro Cirúrgico; C ­ Conceito: Ultrassonografia; C - Contexto: Centro Cirúrgico. Registro do protocolo: osf.io/p8zne. RESULTADOS: os estudos encontrados versavam sobre três usos principais da ultrassonografia para enfermeiros perioperatórios no cenário do bloco operatório: avaliação gástrica (N=7), avaliação de conteúdo vesical (N=10) e auxiliar para punção periférica venosa e arterial (N=3). CONCLUSÃO: os enfermeiros perioperatórios devem buscar formação para práticas avançadas incluindo o uso de ultrassonografia como auxiliar em sua prática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify applications for using ultrasonography by nurses in the operating room in the scientific literature. METHOD: Scope review carried out according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute to answer the guiding question: What are the possible uses of ultrasound by nurses in the operating room? The articles were sought in the main international scientific and gray literature bases. The descriptors used will be ultrasonography and surgical centers. The research was guided by the acronym P-C-C: P ­ Participants: Surgical Center Nursing Team; C - Concept: Ultrasound; C - Context: Surgical Center. Protocol Registration: osf.io/p8zne. RESULTS: The studies found covered three main uses of ultrasound for perioperative nurses in the operating room scenario: gastric evaluation (N=7), evaluation of vesical content (N=10), and auxiliary for venous and arterial peripheral puncture (N=3). CONCLUSION: Perioperative nurses should seek training for advanced practices, including using ultrasound to aid in their practice.

Tratamiento de las cefaleas en sala de emergencia pediatrica / Headache treatment in the pediatric emergency depart ment

Resumen Introducción : Las cefaleas son la segunda causa de consultas neurológicas en la sala de emergencia pediá trica. Muchos pacientes realizan varias visitas al año por este mismo problema, debemos conocer el tratamiento basado en evidencia. Métodos : Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones realizadas en los últimos 5 años en diferentes bases de datos. Discusión : Se presentan recursos para investigar sistemáticamente signos de alarma, recomendaciones para el uso racional de estudio de imágenes. Las cefaleas primarias son causa frecuente de consulta en la sala de emergencia. Se presenta tratamiento que cumple el res paldo científico para su utilización en pacientes con ce faleas primarias de tipo migraña en sala de emergencia.

Abstract Introduction : Headache is the second most frequent cause of neurological consultations in the pediatric emergency department. Patients become frequent visi tors per year due to headaches, evidence-based treat ment should be used. Methods : A search of publications within the last 5 years was conducted in different databases. Discussion : Strategies for a systematic approach in the evaluation of red flags, and recommendations for a rational use in neuroimaging studies are presented. Primary headaches are frequently seen in the emergency department. Migraine evidence-based treatment in the emergency department is reviewed.

Prediction of adverse cardiac outcomes in high-risk Mexican patients with chest pain in the emergency department / Desenlaces adversos cardiovasculares en pacientes mexicanos de alto riesgo con dolor torácico en el servicio de urgencias

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the discriminative power and accuracy for prediction of MACE of five commonly used scoring tools in Mexican patients with chest pain who present to the ED. Methods: A single-center, prospective, observational, and comparative study of patients admitted to the ED with chest pain as the chief complaint. Five chest pain scoring systems were calculated. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, or readmission for cardiovascular causes within 30 days. Results: A total of 168 patients were studied. The score which provided the highest area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.85) was history, ECG, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) score. In addition, the integrated discrimination index for the HEART score was 6% higher when compared to the other four scores. Conclusions: The HEART score provided the best classification tool for identifying those patients at highest risk for MACE, either alone or by adding their results to other classification scores, even in a comorbid population.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar el poder discriminativo y precisión diagnóstica de Eventos Cardiovasculares Mayores (ECVM) de cinco escalas de clasificación de dolor torácico de uso común en pacientes mexicanos con dolor torácico que acuden al servicio de urgencias. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y comparativo que incluyó a pacientes ingresados en urgencias que presentaban dolor torácico como síntoma cardinal. Se calcularon cinco escalas de puntuación de dolor torácico. El desenlance principal fue el compuesto de muerte cardiovascular, infarto de miocardio, intervención coronaria, injerto de derivación de arteria coronaria o reingreso por causas cardiovasculares dentro de los 30 días. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 168 pacientes. La escala de puntuación que proporcionó el área bajo la curva más alta de 0.76 (IC de 95%: 0.70-0.85) fue la escala de historia clínica, ECG, edad, factores de riesgo y troponina (HEART, por sus siglas en inglés). Además, el indice de discriminación efectiva para la puntuación HEART fue un 6% más alto en comparación con las otras cuatro escalas de puntuación. Conclusiones: La escala de HEART proporcionó la mejor herramienta de clasificación para idenfiticar a los pacientes con mayor riesgo de ECVM, ya sea solo a agregando sus resultados a otros puntajes de clasificación, incluso en una población comórbida.

Enfrentamiento inicial de las intoxicaciones por medicamentos orales en el servicio de urgencia / Initial management of toxic exposures to oral drugs in the emergency department

Las intoxicaciones en Chile siguen siendo un motivo importante de consulta en el servicio de urgencia (SU). Tanto intoxicaciones accidentales como intencionales constituyen una fuente de morbimortalidad y gasto de recursos monetarios no solo en Chile, si no que en todo el mundo. Debido a los múltiples compuestos que pueden producir una intoxicación grave, sigue siendo un desafío para el equipo de salud su enfrentamiento y manejo oportuno. Los médicos que tratan a estos pacientes deben ser sistemáticos y ordenados en su enfrentamiento, ya que la presentación clínica es variada y depende del agente ingerido, co-ingestas, si es aguda o crónica o concomitante con otras patologías (trauma, infecciones, etc.). El manejo está dirigido a las maniobras básicas de reanimación y soporte vital, prevención de absorción del tóxico y cuando corresponda, la administración del antídoto. La evaluación y tratamiento inicial serán abordados en esta revisión, temas específicos para diferentes drogas serán discutidos de forma separada. Objetivo: entregar las nociones básicas del enfrentamiento y manejo terapéutico inicial de un paciente intoxicado desde la perspectiva de la medicina de urgencias. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica, presentándose la evidencia actual del manejo e intervenciones terapéuticas utilizadas actualmente de un paciente intoxicado.

In Chile, poisonings are a frequent reason for emergency department visits. Accidental and intentional poisonings constitute an important source of worldwide morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Because of the heterogeneous presentations of poisonings, and the unknown exposure, it is always challenging for healthcare providers. Doctors who treat these patients must remember to be systematic and structured in their evaluation since the clinical presentation is not only determined by the exposure itself but also by co-ingestions, the time of presentation, whether the exposure is acute or chronic, and other concomitant health issues (trauma, hypothermia, comorbidities). The management focuses on basic resuscitation and life support, prevention of absorption of the toxin, and when appropriate, administering an antidote. Initial evaluation and treatment will be addressed in this review, and specific issues for different drugs will be discussed elsewhere. Objective: to describe the basic concepts to assess and manage the initial encounter of a poisoned patient from the perspective of emergency medicine. Methods: a bibliographic review of the scientific literature was carried out, presenting the current evidence of the management and therapeutic interventions currently used in an intoxicated patient.

Quiste Vallecular: Caso clínico de estridor agudo / Vallecular cyst: clinical case of acute stridor

El enfrentamiento de estridor en el Servicio de Urgencias puede ser un desafío para el clínico. La mayoría de los pacientes responderán a medidas estándar de anafilaxia, no obstante, ante pacientes refractarios a tratamiento se deben sospechar otras patologías. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente refractaria a manejo de anafilaxia. Se realiza videolaringoscopía que identifica quiste de vallécula y se maneja mediante protección de vía aérea con intubación orotraqueal. Se decide escisión quirúrgica, en la cual se identifica estenosis subglótica que requiere instalación de traqueostomía. La paciente evoluciona favorablemente y es dada de alta.

Coping with stridor in the Emergency Department can challenge the clinician. Most patients respond to standard anaphylaxis measures. The clinician should suspect other differential diagnoses when patients are refractory to treatment. We present the clinical case of a patient refractory to standard anaphylaxis management. A video laryngoscopy was performed, identifying a vallecula cyst. We secured the airway through orotracheal intubation. The surgical team of our hospital performed a surgical excision of the cyst and identified subglottic stenosis, which required the installation of a tracheostomy. The patient evolved favorably in the postoperative period and was discharged.

POLYEMBOLOKOILAMANIA IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.

Polyembolokoilamania is a rare but serious medical condition that involves the presence of multiple foreign bodies in the patient's body. This condition can be challenging to diagnose and manage in the emergency department. In this chapter, we will discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of polyembolokoilamania in the emergency department.

Medical Record Keeping for Quality Patient Care: An Observational Study

Introduction:Effective management of medical records is essential for delivering high‑quality treatment. The location, architecture, and personnel of a medical records department (MRD) can considerably impact its operational efficiency. This study seeks to examine hospital MRD and establishes whether its current configuration is suitable for effective medical record management. Materials and Methods: The descriptive method was utilized to evaluate the MRD of the hospital. The review analyzed the department’s physical layout, personnel, workload, training programs, and available equipment. The study also evaluated the influence of government and business restrictions on MRDs operations. Results: It was determined that the MRD of the hospital had an appropriate physical layout, with divisions positioned in optimal locations. The department’s personnel levels were adequate, with twenty employees managing the patient population’s workload. The analysis determined that the department required extra photocopiers and scanners to boost operational efficiency. In addition, the study underlined the significance of adhering to policies, protocols, and established processes in ensuring efficient workflow. Conclusion: The analysis concludes that the hospital MRD has an adequate physical layout, staffing levels, and task management. However, the present equipment could be enhanced to increase operational efficiency. The study also emphasizes the importance of adhering to policies, protocols, and written processes to ensure the department’s efficient workflow. The outcomes of this study may inform future decisions on MRD management in other health‑care organizations, especially those subject to comparable government and commercial regulations

Clinical Simulation in the Training of Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident from the Perspective of Medical Residency Programs / A Simulação Clínica na Formação do Residente em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia na Perspectiva do Programa de Residência Médica

Abstract Objective This study analyzes the role of clinical simulation in internal medical residency programs (IMRP) in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN), attributed by the supervisors, in the training of residents in the city of São Paulo (SP). Methods Cross-sectional descriptive, qualitative, and exploratory approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed with ten supervisors of Medical Residency programs in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Interviews were analyzed by means of content analysis under the thematic modality, starting with the core the role of clinical simulation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Residency Programs. Results Supervisors view Clinical simulation as: a complementary tool for the teaching and learning process, a possibility of a safe teaching and learning environment, an opportunity to learn from mistakes, a support for professional practice committed to patient safety, a learning scenario for teamwork, a scenario for reflection on the work process in Obstetrics and Gynecology, a scenario for evaluative processes in the medical residency. Still according to supervisors, Clinical Simulation favors decision-making and encourages the resident participation in activities. Conclusion Supervisors recognize Clinical Simulation as a powerful pedagogical tool in the learning process of resident doctors in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo analisa o papel da Simulação Clínica em programas de Residência Médica (PRM) de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, atribuído pelos supervisores, na formação do residente no município de São Paulo (SP). Métodos Abordagem qualitativa, transversal, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez supervisores de programas de Residência Médica de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia. Para análise das entrevistas foi realizada análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática partindo do seguinte núcleo: o papel da simulação clínica nos Programas de Residência Médica de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia. Resultados A Simulação Clínica, na visão dos supervisores, emerge como: ferramenta complementar para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem; possibilidade de um ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem seguro; possibilidade de aprendizagem a partir do erro; suporte para prática profissional comprometida com a segurança do paciente; cenário de aprendizagem para o trabalho de equipe; cenário de reflexão sobre o processo de trabalho em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia; favorecimento na tomada de decisão; cenários de processos avaliativos na residência; e, por fim, estímulo à participação dos residentes nas atividades. Conclusão Os supervisores reconhecem a Simulação Clínica como uma ferramenta pedagógica potente no aprendizado dos médicos residentes em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia.

Clinical Characteristics and Interventions for Ingested Magnetic Foreign Bodies in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Ingested foreign materials are a common cause for hospital emergency department visit. Foreign objects such as magnets found in the gastrointestinal tract can cause serious problem because magnets attract to each other across the intestinal wall, often resulting in severe damage. We aimed to review the magnitude of the problem, the clinical characteristics and the interventions related to this problem. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the retrospective studies published in PUBMED, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane was conducted. The search was limited to studies published from Jan 1, 2000 to July 31, 2022, with the last search done on August 1, 2022. No publication restrictions or study design filters were applied. Results: Data from 24 retrospective cohort studies with 2014 patients were included in the review. 63.6% (95% CI 59.9%-67.3%) of children who had swallowed foreign bodies were male, and 43% (95% CI 29.3%-57.3%) children presented with non-specific symptoms or had a complete absence of symptoms. Only 74.7% (95% CI 58.7%-88%) of the children has clear history of ingested foreign bodies. Abdominal surgery was the most prevalent interventions (43.3%, 95%CI 32.5%-54.1%) among the inpatients, while conservative treatments were the second common intervention (40.3%, 95%CI 27.8%–52.9%) among the inpatients and outpatients. Intestinal perforation or fistula occurred in 30.2% (95%CI 22.5%–37.8%) children. Conclusions: Despite significant heterogeneity among primary studies, our results detail the morbidity, clinical characteristics and interventions associated with ingested magnetic foreign bodies in children.

Cartografías socioambientales. Acercamiento a las percepciones sobre la salud y la vida en territorios mineros del occidente antioqueño colombiano

Objetivo: La investigación que aquí se reporta tuvo como objetivo comprender aspectos de la percepción que tienen algunos habitantes de tres municipios del occidente del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia) sobre la minería y su relación con dimensiones vitales como la salud. Metodología: Este estudio comprensivo se fundamentó en principios de la investigación acción participativa y se llevó a cabo mediante un ejercicio cartográfico socioambiental. Se conformaron tres grupos de base comunitaria con actores locales, con quienes se realizaron entrevistas, recorridos por los territorios, definición de conceptos y símbolos, y el mapeo territorial. La información fue analizada siguiendo procesos de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, tras lo cual se validó con la comunidad. Resultados: Se identificaron conflictos territoriales, afectaciones sobre la salud de las poblaciones involucradas y del medio ambiente, así como lógicas sociales, políticas y económicas que se tejen alrededor de la actividad minera. Conclusión: La minería de hecho se constituye en una de las principales vías de sustento de algunos participantes, no solo como tradición, sino también ante la carencia de oportunidades para el desarrollo de otros oficios; sin embargo, debido al ingreso de la gran minería en algunos territorios, se perciben amenazados los medios de vida, la seguridad y la soberanía alimentaria, la cultura, los derechos territoriales y la salud poblacional. Cabe destacar la relevancia de efectuar abordajes de la salud desde una matriz de análisis que considere los fenómenos sociales determinantes del proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado, los sujetos en situación y las relaciones socioterritoriales que construyen en su cotidianidad.

Objective: The research reported here aimed to understand aspects of the perception that some inhabitants of three municipalities in the western department of Antioquia (Colombia) have about mining and its relationship with vital dimensions such as health. Methodology: This comprehensive study was based on principles of participatory action research and was carried out through a socio-environmental mapping exercise. Three community-based groups were formed with local actors, with whom interviews, tours of the territories, definition of concepts and symbols, and territorial mapping were carried out. The information was analyzed following open, axial and selective coding processes, after which it was validated with the community. Results: Territorial conflicts were identified, effects on the health of the populations involved and the environment, as well as social, political and economic logics that are woven around mining activity. Conclusion: Mining in fact constitutes one of the main means of livelihood for some participants, not only as a tradition, but also due to the lack of opportunities for the development of other trades; however, due to the entry of large-scale mining in some territories, livelihoods, food security and sovereignty, culture, territorial rights and population health are perceived as threatened. It is important to highlight the relevance of carrying out health approaches from an analysis matrix that considers the social phenomena that determine the health-disease-care process, the subjects in a situation, and the socio-territorial relationships that they build in their daily lives.

Objetivo: A pesquisa aqui relatada teve como objetivo compreender aspectos da percepção que alguns habitantes de três municípios do departamento ocidental de Antioquia (Colômbia) têm sobre a mineração e sua relação com dimensões vitais como a saúde. Metodologia: Este estudo abrangente foi baseado nos princípios da pesquisa-ação participativa e foi realizado por meio de um exercício de mapeamento socioambiental. Foram formados três grupos comunitários com atores locais, com os quais foram realizadas entrevistas, passeios pelos territórios, definição de conceitos e símbolos e mapeamento territorial. A informação foi analisada seguindo processos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, após o que foi validada com a comunidade. Resultados: Foram identificados conflitos territoriais, efeitos na saúde das populações envolvidas e no meio ambiente, bem como lógicas sociais, políticas e econômicas que se tecem em torno da atividade mineradora. Conclusão: A mineração constitui de fato um dos principais meios de subsistência para alguns participantes, não apenas por tradição, mas também pela falta de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de outros ofícios; no entanto, devido à entrada da mineração em grande escala em alguns territórios, os meios de subsistência, a segurança e soberania alimentar, a cultura, os direitos territoriais e a saúde da população são percebidos como ameaçados. É importante destacar a relevância de realizar abordagens em saúde a partir de uma matriz de análise que considere os fenômenos sociais que determinam o processo saúde-doença-cuidado, os sujeitos em situação e as relações socioterritoriais que constroem em seu cotidiano.

Use of complementary and alternative medicines in ENT outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is highly gaining popularity along with main treatment streams these days. Physicians cannot ignore this fact and should question and counsel patients about pros and cons of CAM for cure of different ailments. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study was to know about use of CAM among patients visiting Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) outpatient department (OPD) in tertiary care hospital of Southern Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in ENT OPD for 2 months. Two hundred and fifty patients were considered for the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and made to be filled by the patients during their visit to ENT OPD after taking informed consent. Various questions were asked like extent of use of alternative therapies, type of CAM used by the patients, patient’s knowledge about ADRs and drug interactions, reasons for which alternative medicine might have been used. Results: Among 250 patients, CAMs were used by 36 patients. The most common CAMs were either Ayurveda or Homoeopathy medicines or both. The majority of patients obtained their information from family and friends. Maximum patients used these alternative medicines for relief of cough and hoarseness of voice. Conclusion: The study throws light on use of alternative drug therapy and streams of medicine along with routine hospital treatment among patients visiting ENT OPD. This knowledge helps to understand about patients’ alternative approach to diseases, about self-medication, patient’s belief about different types of therapies and also ignorance of possible health hazards, side effects, and complications due to use of concomitant main and alternative medicines for treatment purposes.

Avaliação de prescrições médicas de medicamentos em uma emergência hospitalar / Evaluation of drug prescriptions in a hospital emergency department / Evaluación de la prescripción de medicamentos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a adesão das prescrições médicas de medicamentos às recomendações para segurança do paciente por meio do checklist - Lista de Verificação de Segurança na Prescrição de Medicamentos. Método: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado entre maio a junho de 2022, com 341 prescrições médicas de medicamentos, numa emergência hospitalar no interior da Bahia - Brasil, cujos dados foram analisados através de análise descritiva. Resultados: 80% a 89% das prescrições tiveram adesão às recomendações de segurança; o item de maior adesão foi identificação da data da prescrição, menor adesão foi possuir medicamentos com nomes semelhantes identificados com caixa alta ou negrito. Cerca de 18,63% (n=514) dos medicamentos prescritos fazem parte da lista de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos de uso hospitalar. Conclusão: a avaliação das prescrições médicas de medicamentos evidenciou barreiras existentes na prática clínica, o que possibilita a elaboração de mecanismos mais efetivos para promoção da segurança do paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the adherence of medical prescriptions to patient safety recommendations using the Medication Prescription Safety Checklist. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2022, with 341 medical prescriptions for medicines in a hospital emergency room in the interior of Bahia - Brazil, whose data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Results: 80% to 89% of the prescriptions adhered to the safety recommendations; the item with the highest adherence was identification of the date of the prescription, and the lowest adherence was having drugs with similar names identified in upper case or bold. Around 18.63% (n=514) of the drugs prescribed are on the list of potentially dangerous drugs for hospital use. Conclusion: The evaluation of medical prescriptions for medicines highlighted existing barriers in clinical practice, which makes it possible to develop more effective mechanisms to promote patient safety.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las prescripciones médicas a las recomendaciones de seguridad del paciente utilizando la checklist - Lista de verificación de la Seguridad de la Prescripción de Medicamentos. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, realizado entre mayo y junio de 2022, con 341 prescripciones médicas de medicamentos, en la sala de urgencias de un hospital del interior de Bahia - Brasil, cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Entre el 80% y el 89% de las prescripciones cumplieron las recomendaciones de seguridad; el punto con mayor cumplimiento fue la identificación de la fecha de la prescripción, y el de menor cumplimiento, que los medicamentos con nombres similares se identificaran en mayúsculas o en negrita. Alrededor del 18,63% (n=514) de los medicamentos prescriptos figuran en la lista de medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos de uso hospitalario. Conclusiones: La evaluación de las prescripciones médicas de medicamentos puso de manifiesto los obstáculos existentes en la práctica clínica, lo que permite desarrollar mecanismos más eficaces para promover la seguridad de los pacientes.

Intoxicación por antidepresivos tricíclicos / Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning

Introducción: el paciente intoxicado sigue siendo un desafío para el personal de salud. La intoxicación por antidepresivos tricíclicos (ATC) es un diagnóstico frecuente y una patología que puede llegar a ser muy grave. A pesar de que ha cambiado el objetivo terapéutico de estos fármacos a lo largo de los años, la alta disponibilidad de estos hace que su uso para intento de autolisis siga presentándose. Su presentación clínica es variada y dado el riesgo de mortalidad asociada, es importante que esta patología sea rápidamente reconocida por los médicos que los reciben para iniciar un manejo oportuno y eficaz. Objetivo: presentar el enfrentamiento inicial y manejo terapéutico de la intoxicación por ATC desde la perspectiva de la medicina de urgencia. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica sobre el manejo de un paciente intoxicado por ATC. Se presenta la evidencia actual de las intervenciones terapéuticas más utilizadas. respecto al manejo inicial y enfrentamiento de la intoxicación por antidepresivos tricíclicos, en el contexto de la atención en un servicio de urgencia. Conclusión: la intoxicación por ATC puede presentarse con síntomas leves y signos precoces, así como con síntomas graves e incluso fatales, dados principalmente por complicaciones cardiovasculres y neurológicas. Su manejo se basa en el reconocimiento precoz, medidas de soporte y terapias específicas según la clínica que presente.

Managing poisoned patients continues to be a challenge for health personnel. Tricyclic antidepressant are a frequent diagnosis, and a pathology their can be very serious. Although the therapeutic indications for these drugs have changed over the years, their high availability means that their use for suicidal attempts continues to be present. Its clinical presentation is varied and given the mortality risk, it is crucial that this entity must be rapidly recognized by the physicians who care for them to initiate timely and effective treatment. Objective: Present the initial management and therapeutic strategies for tricyclic antidepressant intoxication, from emergency medicine perspective. Method: Bibliographic review of the scientific literature on this subject. Current evidence of the most widely used therapeutic interventions is described regarding the initial management and disposition of tricyclic antidepressant intoxication in the emergency department.

Elaboração de diretrizes para atendimento hospitalar de tentativas de suicídio na adolescência / Development of guidelines for hospital care of suicide attempts in adolescence

Resumo Este artigo visa descrever um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo de construção e validação de diretrizes para atendimento hospitalar de adolescentes com tentativa de suicídio O percurso metodológico implicou a realização de revisão integrativa de literatura com análise temática de conteúdo de 27 artigos, o qual gerou 3 categorias: avaliação do comportamento suicida em contexto de urgência e emergência hospitalar; intervenção diante do comportamento suicida e equipe multiprofissional hospitalar. O conteúdo destas categorias fundamentou a construção de um instrumento com 15 afirmativas sobre a atuação com adolescentes em crise suicida atendidos no contexto hospitalar. Este instrumento foi aplicado com 20 profissionais de saúde selecionados em duas instituições hospitalares do sul do Brasil, os quais atuaram como juízes/avaliadores das afirmativas propostas. O conteúdo das 15 afirmativas foi validado como diretrizes através do Cálculo de Porcentagem de Concordância e do Cálculo do Escore. As diretrizes construídas podem auxiliar as equipes multiprofissionais hospitalares, diante dos adolescentes com tentativas de suicídio, a fundamentarem suas condutas a partir de critérios que norteiam ações de acolhimento, avaliação, intervenção e encaminhamento.

Abstract This article aims to describe a qualitative and quantitative study of the construction and validation of guidelines for hospital care of adolescents with suicide attempts. The methodological approach involved an integrative literature review with thematic content analysis of 27 articles, which generated 3 categories: assessment of suicidal behavior in the context of the emergency department; intervention in suicidal behavior, and hospital multidisciplinary team. The content of these categories was the basis for the construction of an instrument with 15 statements about the performance of adolescents in suicidal crisis assisted in the hospital setting. This instrument was applied with 20 healthcare professionals selected from two hospital institutions in southern Brazil, who acted as judges/evaluators of the proposed statements. The content of the 15 statements was validated as guidelines through the Percentage of Concordance Calculation and the Score Calculation. The constructed guidelines may help multidisciplinary hospital teams when facing adolescents with suicide attempts, to base their conduct on criteria that guide actions of reception, assessment, intervention, and referral.

Relación de la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral de enfermería / Relationship of supervision through directed learning and nursing job performance

Introducción:La supervisión de enfermería juega un papel fundamental en la implementación de estrategias de aprendizaje dirigido que mejoren el desempeño laboral de los profesionales, garantizando así una atención de calidad. Objetivo:Evaluarla relación que existe entre la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral de enfermería. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal desarrollado en el área de urgencias deun Instituto Nacional de Salud de la Ciudad de México, en2022. El universo estuvo conformado por profesionales de enfermería del Instituto Nacional deNutrición, la muestra fue de 90profesionales seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple, Se utilizó un instrumento que mide el desempeño laboral y la supervisión a través de una escala tipo Likert que va de nunca a siempre, clasificando las variables en tres categorías: nivel bajo, nivel medio y nivel alto. Resultados:existe una correlación directamente proporcional entre la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral, es decir un nivel medio de la categoría del instrumento, a mayor supervisión mayor desempeño laboral; así como, cuando existe mayor capacitación, comunicación, supervisión programada, hay un mayor desempeño laboral. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que al impulsar la implementación del proceso de supervisión mediante el modelo de aprendizaje dirigido es posible potencializar el desempeño laboral de los profesionales de enfermería. Asimismo, el desempeño laboral del profesional se beneficia mediante las estrategias de supervisión como son: la capacitación continua, la comunicación efectiva, la retroalimentación y la supervisión programada

Introduction:Nursing supervision plays a fundamental role in the implementation of directed learning strategies that improve the job performance of professionals, thus ensuring quality care. Objective: To evaluatethe relationship between supervision through directedlearning and nursing job performance. Methodology: quantitative study with a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, cross-sectional design in the emergency department of a National Health Institute in Mexico City, from March to May 2022. The universe was made up of nursing professionals from the National Instituteof Nutrition, the sample was 90professionals selected by simple random sampling. An instrument was used to measure job performance and supervision through a Likert-type scale ranging fromnever to always, classifying the variables into three categories: low level, medium level and high level. Results: there is a directly proportional correlation between supervision through directed learning and job performance, i.e. a medium level of the instrument category, the higher the supervision the higher the job performance; as well as, when there is more training, communication, programmed supervision, there is higher job performance. Conclusions: The results show that by promoting the implementation of the supervision process through the directed learning model, it is possible to enhance the work performance of nursing professionals. Likewise, the professional's work performance benefits from supervision strategies such as: continuous training, effective communication, feedback and programmed supervision

Sentidos subjetivos atribuídos às reações de familiares após comunicação de más notícias em um pronto-socorro / Subjective meanings attributed to family reactions after communication of bad news in an emergency room / Sentidos subjetivos atribuidos a las reacciones familiares tras la comunicación de malas noticias en servicio de urgencias

INTRODUÇÃO: No cotidiano do hospital, inevitavelmente, a equipe de saúde se relaciona com pacientes e familiares que receberam algum tipo de má notícia. Constituindo-se como uma tarefa árdua, porém fundamental, a comunicação de más notícias é um importante tema de estudo na área da saúde. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo é descrever e analisar quais são os sentidos subjetivos atribuídos pelos profissionais às reações da família a uma comunicação de más notícias. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar processos simbólicos e práticas reguladoras da produção de sentidos; analisar como se apresenta a emocionalidade dos profissionais envolvidos nas situações de comunicação de más notícias; e analisar como o contexto de pronto socorro atua enquanto mediador de produções simbólico-emocionais dos profissionais. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo profissionais de um pronto socorro de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo. Foram apresentadas três vinhetas de casos clínicos que retratam diferentes reações de familiares de pacientes após uma comunicação de más notícias, no Pronto Socorro. A partir de uma pergunta disparadora, conduziu-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se que ausência da instrumentalização para a comunicação de más notícias durante a graduação em medicina e enfermagem repercute em diversos âmbitos da experiência do profissional, desde como administram suas próprias emoções até o modo como lidam com as múltiplas reações emocionais dos familiares dos pacientes. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Este estudo sugere, então, a relevância de haver, durante a formação profissional, maior espaço para estudo e discussão sobre os temas que emergem em um contexto de comunicação de más notícias.

INTRODUCTION: In the daily routine of the hospital, inevitably, the health team interacts with patients and family members who have received some kind of bad news. Constituting itself as an arduous but fundamental task, the communication of bad news is an important topic of study in the health area. OBJECTIVES: We aim to describe and analyze what are the subjective sense attributed by professionals to the family's reactions to a communication of bad news. The specific objectives were: to identify symbolic processes and regulatory practices of the sense make; to analyze how the emotionality of the professionals involved in the communication of bad news is presented; and to analyze how the emergency department context acts as a mediator of symbolic-emotional productions of professionals. METHOD: Professionals from an emergency department of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo participated in this study. Three vignettes of clinical cases were presented that depict different reactions of patients' relatives after a communication of bad news, in the emergency department. From a triggering question, a semi-structured interview was conducted. RESULTS: It was evidenced that the absence of instrumentalization for the communication of bad news during graduation in medicine and nursing has repercussions in several areas of the professional's experience, from how they manage their own emotions to the way they deal with the multiple emotional reactions of patients' family members. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study suggests, therefore, the importance of having, during professional training, greater space for study and discussion on the themes that emerge in a context of communication of bad news.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En el día a día del hospital, inevitablemente, el equipo de salud interactúa con pacientes y familiares que han recibido algún tipo de mala noticia. Constituyéndose en una tarea ardua pero fundamental, la comunicación de malas noticias es un importante tema de estudio en el área de la salud. OBJECTIVO: El objetivo general de este estudio fue describir y analizar cuáles son los sentidos subjetivos atribuidos por los profesionales a las reacciones de la familia ante una comunicación de malas noticias. Los objetivos específicos fueron: identificar procesos simbólicos y prácticas reguladoras de la producción de significados; analizar cómo se presenta la emotividad de los profesionales involucrados en la comunicación de malas noticias; y analizar cómo el contexto de urgencias actúa como mediador de las producciones simbólico-emocionales de los profesionales. MÉTODO: Participaron de este estudio profesionales del servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de São Paulo. Se presentaron tres viñetas de casos clínicos que muestran diferentes reacciones de los familiares de los pacientes después de una comunicación de malas noticias, en el servicio de urgencias. A partir de una pregunta desencadenante, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció que la ausencia de instrumentalización para la comunicación de malas noticias durante la graduación en medicina y enfermería repercute en varias áreas de la experiencia del profesional, desde cómo maneja sus propias emociones hasta la forma en que lidia con las múltiples reacciones emocionales de los familiares de los pacientes. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Por lo tanto, este estudio sugiere, la importancia de tener, durante la formación profesional, mayor espacio de estudio y discusión sobre los temas que emergen en un contexto de comunicación de malas noticias.

Síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática en un embarazo gemelar: presentación de un caso / HeLLP Syndrome and Hepatic Rupture in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report / Síndrome HeLLP e ruptura hepática em gestação gemelar: relato de caso

Introducción: el síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática es una complicación poco frecuente, especialmente en casos de embarazo gemelar. Se presenta el caso de un hematoma subcapsular hepático roto por síndrome HELLP que complicó un embarazo gemelar que requirió una cesárea de emergencia y para el manejo de la hipovolemia, el empaquetamiento hepático. Presentación del caso: mujer de 41 años, con gestación gemelar de 35 semanas, quien acudió al servicio de emergencia, por contracciones uterinas y ausencia de movimientos fetales. Ante una bradicardia severa de ambos fetos, se optó por una cesárea de urgencia. Al abrir la cavidad abdominal, se encontró hemoperitoneo y se logró extraer ambos fetos vivos. Se realizó una laparotomía media, supra e infraumbilical exploradora (poscesárea) y se halló una rotura hepática del lóbulo derecho. Se procedió a un empaquetamiento hepático con compresas y cierre temporal abdominal; entre tanto, el manejo del shock hipovolémico y la preeclampsia se continuó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La paciente se fue de alta en buenas condiciones a los 21 días. Conclusión: el síndrome HELLP produce complicaciones graves, como rotura hepática, que si no es tratada de forma correcta, temprana y multidisciplinaria, puede llevar a producir mortalidad materno-perinatal.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome and hepatic rupture are rare complications, especially in the case of twin pregnancy. Here, we present a case of ruptured hepatic subcapsular hematoma due to HELLP syndrome that caused complication in a twin pregnancy. This case required emergency Cesarean section and management of hypo- volemia hepatic packing. Case presentation: A 41-year-old female pregnant with twins (35 weeks) came to the emergency room for uterine contractions and absence of fetal movements. Due to severe bradycardia in both fetuses, emergency Cesarean section was performed. When the abdominal cavity was opened, hemoperitoneum was found, and both fetuses were extracted alive. A median, supra-, and infraumbilical exploratory laparotomy (post Cesarean section) was performed, and right lobe hepatic rupture was found. Subsequently, hepatic packing with compression and temporary abdominal closure was performed. Hypovolemic shock and preeclampsia was continuously managed in the intensive care unit. At 21 days, the patient was discharged in good condition. Conclusion: HELLP syndrome causes serious complications, such as hepatic rupture, which may lead to maternal and perinatal mortality if not correctly treated early in a multidisciplinary manner.

Introdução: a síndrome HELLP e a ruptura hepática são complicações raras, especialmente em casos de gravidez gemelar. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um hematoma subcapsular hepático rompido devido à síndrome HELLP que complicou uma gravidez gemelar que exigiu uma cesariana de emergência e tamponamento hepático para o manejo da hipovolemia. Apresentação do caso: mulher, 41 anos, gestação gemelar de 35 semanas, recorre ao pronto-socorro por contrações uterinas e ausência de movimentos fetais. Devido à bradicardia grave em ambos os fetos, foi decidida uma cesariana de emergência. Ao abrir a cavidade abdominal o hemoperitônio é localizado, sendo possível extrair ambos os fetos vivos. Foi realizada laparotomia exploradora mediana, supra e infraumbilical (pós-cesariana) sendo constatada ruptura hepática do lobo direito. Foi realizado tamponamento hepático com compressas e fechamento abdominal temporário, e o manejo do choque hipovolêmico e da pré-eclâmpsia foi mantido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, onde a paciente recebeu alta em boas condições após 21 dias. Conclusão: a síndrome HELLP produz complicações graves como a ruptura hepática que, se não tratada de forma precoce e multidisciplinar, pode levar à mortalidade materna perinatal.