Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Depresión puerperal: impacto en la madre gestante y en el desarrollo físico, emocional y cognitivo posnatal de sus hijas/os. Una mirada ecológica / Postpartum depression: Impact on pregnant women and the postnatal physical, emotional, and cognitive development of their children. An ecological perspective

Los problemas de salud mental materna durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio son un desafío para la salud pública. Su falta de reconocimiento atenta contra el diagnóstico y tratamientos oportunos, e impacta en la madre y el establecimiento del vínculo fundamental del binomio. Debemos reconocer los factores de riesgo (edad, situación socioeconómica, antecedentes psicopatológicos, disfunción familiar, entorno desfavorable), las manifestaciones clínicas y las herramientas de detección. Existen evidencias de que el efecto del estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión durante el embarazo afectan negativamente el neurodesarrollo fetal y condicionan los resultados del desarrollo infantil. Describimos el impacto negativo de la depresión puerperal durante los primeros meses de vida, que afecta el vínculo madre-hija/o, el desarrollo posnatal (emocional, conductual, cognitivo, lenguaje) y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna. También reconocemos factores protectores que atemperan sus efectos. Es fundamental establecer estrategias preventivas y abordajes diagnósticos y terapéuticos interdisciplinarios para minimizar los riesgos sobre la madre y sus hijas/os.

Maternal mental health problems during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are a challenge for public health. Not recognizing them hinders a timely diagnosis and treatment and has an impact on the mother and the establishment of the fundamental bond of the mother-child dyad. We must recognize the risk factors (age, socioeconomic status, mental health history, family dysfunction, unfavorable environment), clinical manifestations, and screening tools. There is evidence that the effect of stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy negatively affect fetal neurodevelopment and condition child developmental outcomes. Here we describe the negative impact of postpartum depression during the first months of life, which affects mother-child bonding, postnatal development (emotional, behavioral, cognitive, language), and the maintenance of breastfeeding. We also recognize protective factors that mitigate its effects. It is essential to establish preventive strategies and interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to minimize the risks to the mother and her children.

Alteraciones psiquiátricas en pacientes con antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Psychiatric alterations in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objetivo: Caracterizar los trastornos mentales de los pacientes consultantes del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas enero 2020 ­enero 2021, que acudieron por primera vez y habían presentado infección por COVID-19 3 a 6 meses antes de consultar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas para emergencia (por primera vez y sucesivas) por presentar patologías mentales durante y posterior a infección por COVID-19 durante el periodo enero 2020-enero 2021. Resultados: De 718 pacientes, 53 que acudieron con patologías mentales habían presentado infección previa por COVID-19 representando el 7,38%. Edad promedio 27-29 años (66,03 %). La mayoría del sexo femenino (71,69 %). El 77,35 % provenían del Distrito Capital; el 18,86 % del estado Miranda, siendo el estado civil predominante la soltería con 73,58 %; el 56,60 % estaban desempleados y el 79,24 % no poseían nivel de instrucción. En relación a los diagnósticos: trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas ansiosos (30,18 %), trastorno depresivo (18,86 %), episodio maniforme (1,88 %) episodio psicótico agudo (18,86 %), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (7,54 %), entre otros. Conclusión: Los síntomas psiquiátricos originados por infección por COVID-19 aparecen de forma más tardía y persisten después de la infección. Las mujeres manifestaron mayor riesgo de presentar síntomas relacionados con la salud mental; se asocia a alto nivel de vulnerabilidad a causa de la influencia de los roles sociales, ciclo reproductivo y mayor morbilidad psiquiátrica(AU)

Objective: To characterize the mental disorders of the consulting patients of the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas January 2020 -January 2021, who came for the first time and hapresented COVID-19 infection 3 to 6 monthsbefore consulting. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients who attended the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas for emergencies (for the first time and successive ones) due to presenting mental pathologies during and after COVID-19 during the period January 2020-January 2021. Results: Of 718 patients, 53 who came with mental pathologies had previous COVID-19 infection, representing 7.38%. Average age 27-29 years(66.03%). The majority were female (71.69%). 77.35% came from the Capital District; 18.86% from the state of Miranda, with the predominant marital status being single with 73.58%; 56.60% were unemployed and 79.24% had no educational level. In relation to the diagnoses: major depressive disorder with anxious symptoms (30.18%), depressive disorder (18.86%), maniform episode (1.88%), acute psychotic episode (18.86%), generalized anxiety disorder (7.54%), among others. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection appear later and persist after infection. Women expressed a greater risk of presenting symptoms related to mental health; It is associated with a high level of vulnerability due to the influence of social roles, reproductive cycle and greater psychiatric morbidit(AU)

Adaptación y validación de la Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) en una muestra de quechua hablantes peruanos

Introducción: El Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) es una medida de autoinforme ultrabreve de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. El PHQ-4 no ha sido adaptado ni validado en la población quechua hablante. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar el PHQ-4 en una muestra de población peruana quechua hablante en su variante Collao de Puno-Perú. Metodología: Participaron 221 personas hablantes de quechua variante collao (promedio de edad de 31,2 años, SD = 11,7, 47,1 % hombres y 52,9 % mujeres). Se evaluó la evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna, mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), la fiabilidad con el método de consistencia interna y las características de dificultad y discriminación de los ítems en base a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todos los ítems del PHQ-4 son relevantes, coherentes y claros para representar adecuadamente los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El resultado del AFC apoyó un modelo unifactorial, donde los ítems de ansiedad y depresión conforman una sola variable latente con una fiabilidad alta. Todos los ítems del PHQ-4 presentas buenos parámetros de discriminación y los parámetros de dificultad indican que los ítems son comparativamente difíciles. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mayor presencia del rasgo latente (ansiedad y depresión) para responder las categorías de respuesta más altas. Discusión: En conclusión, la PHQ-4 presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas como una medida de detección primaria rápida, confiable y válida para personas quechuahablantes que necesitan una evaluación profunda, monitoreo de los síntomas para diagnóstico y tratamiento para la ansiedad o depresión.

Introduction: The Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure of depression and anxiety symptoms. The PHQ-4 has not been adapted or validated in the Quechua-speaking population. Objective: This study aimed to adapt and validate the PHQ-4 in a sample of the Peruvian Quechua-speaking population with its Collao variant from Puno-Peru. Methods: A total of 221 Quechua speakers of the Collao variant (mean age 31.2 years, SD = 11.7, 47.1% male and 52.9% female) participated. Evidence of validity based on internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability using the internal consistency method, and item difficulty and discrimination characteristics based on Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results indicated that all items of the PHQ-4 were relevant, consistent, and clear enough to adequately represent anxiety and depressive symptoms. The CFA results supported a one-factorial model, in which anxiety and depression items form a single latent variable with high reliability. All items of the PHQ-4 had good discrimination parameters, and the difficulty parameters indicated that the items were comparatively difficult. Therefore, a higher presence of the latent trait (anxiety and depression) is needed to answer higher response categories. Discussion: In conclusion, the PHQ-4 presented good psychometric properties as a rapid, reliable, and valid primary screening measure for Quechua speakers in need of in-depth assessment and symptom monitoring for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression.

Ayahuasca e saúde mental: efeitos do seu uso associado a casos de depressão / Ayahuasca and mental health: effects of its use in association with depresion cases / Ayahuasca y salud mental: efectos de sue uso en asociación con casos de depressión

O aumento de casos de depressão na população mundial leva ao questionamento sobre a eficácia dos tratamentos farmacológicos e fomenta a busca por tratamentos alternativos. Estudos a respeito da ayahuasca e seus efeitos na depressão vêm sendo realizados. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa, a partir da questão norteadora: "Quais são os efeitos da ayahuasca em indivíduos com depressão?", neste estudo buscou-se: (1) identificar potenciais usos terapêuticos do chá de ayahuasca; (2) analisar as características de segurança e riscos à saúde no seu uso; (3) investigar se o contexto do uso influencia seus efeitos. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases BVS e PubMed, produzidos entre 2017-2022, resultando em 8 artigos para análise. Os estudos evidenciaram efeitos antidepressivos advindos das interações neuroquímicas e das experiências psicológicas por meio da ayahuasca e apresentaram que a segurança e potencial terapêutico estão atrelados ao contexto de uso e à dosagem ingerida do chá (AU).

The increase in cases of depression in the world's population leads to questioning the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and encourages the search for alternative treatments. Studies about ayahuasca andyour effectsondepressionhavebeenconducted. Guided by the question: "What are the effects of ayahuasca in individuals with depression?" this study was a integrativereview that aimed to: (1) identify potential therapeutic uses of ayahuasca tea;(2) analyzethesafetycharacteristics andhealthrisks inyour use; (3) investigatewhetherthecontextofuseinfluences your effects.The search for articles was conducted in the BVS and PubMed databases, produced between 2017-2022, resulting in 8 articles for analysis. Thestudies showed antidepressanteffectsresultingfromneurochemical interactions andpsychologicalexperiences as results of the use of ayahuasca and showed that the safety and therapeutic potential are linked to the context of use and the ingested dosage of the tea (AU).

El aumento de los casos de depresión en la población mundial lleva a cuestionar la eficacia de los tratamientos farmacológicos y fomenta la búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos. Se han realizado estudios sobre la ayahuasca y sus efectos sobre la depresión. Por medio de la cuestión: "¿Cuáles son los efectos de la ayahuasca en personas con depresión?", este estudio de revisión integrativabuscó: (1) identificar los usos terapéuticos potenciales del té de ayahuasca; (2) analizar las características de seguridad y los riesgos para la salud en su uso; (3) investigar si el contexto de uso influye en sus efectos. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos BVS y PubMed, producidas entre 2017-2022, resultando 8 artículos para análisis. Fueron observados en los estudios efectos antidepresivos advenidos de la ayahuasca y que la seguridad y potencial terapéutico están vinculados al contexto de uso y la dosis ingerida del té (AU).

Repercussões na saúde mental de profissionais da saúde de um hospital público do Recife durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Repercussions on the mental health of health professionals at a public hospital in Recife during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência a pacientes com COVID-19 em um hospital público de Recife. Método: estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário online contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao trabalho e instrumento escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Realizadas análises descritivas das variáveis independentes e análise bivariada usando regressão linear da relação entre a variável dependente e das variáveis independentes. Resultados: 77 profissionais responderam ao questionário. A fisioterapia foi a categoria profissional associada à ansiedade, e o setor de atuação no COVID- 19 e o tempo de exercício foram associados à depressão. Conclusão: são imprescindíveis as ações de promoção da saúde mental desses profissionais, considerando, principalmente, os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19.

Aim: This article aimed to analyze factors associated with anxiety and depression in health professionals who provide care to patients with COVID-19 in Recife public hospital. Method: cross-sectional study, with the application of an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic and work-related variables and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale instrument. Descriptive analyses of the independent variables and bivariate analysis were performed using linear regression of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Results: 77 professionals answered the questionnaire. Physiotherapy was the professional category associated with anxiety, and the sector of activity in COVID-19 and exercise time were associated with depression. Conclusion: actions to promote the mental health of these professionals are essential, mainly considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Neuropharmacological and anxiolytic effects of extracts of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima on mice / Efecto neurofarmacológico y ansiolítico de extractos de Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima en ratones

Anxiety and depression cause alterations in the physiology of an organism. Extracts from the leaves of several Passiflora species are traditionally use d Peru and in many countries as anxiolytic and in treatment for inflammatory problems. T his study aimed to determine the neuropharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. and its an xiolytic effect on mouse ( Mus musculus var. albinus ). A nxiety was evaluated with the marble burying test and the depressant effect with the Irwin test (locomotor activity, base of support, wobbly gait, immobility, escape, ease of handling, muscular strengt h, tight rope, inclined plane, catatonia, nociceptive reflex and death). Doses of 100 mg/Kg/body weight and 200 mg/kg/body weight by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) significantly decreased anxiety levels (p<0.05) in mice, and had a non - significant depressant effect in 11 of the 12 tests, showing a similar direction of correlation between diazepam and Passiflora extract effect. A greater anxiolytic and anti - depressant effects in mice was observed with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg/body weight with neuropharmaco logical manifestations found where no death was observed at any dose used.

L a ansiedad y la depresión provocan alteraciones fisiológicas. Las especies de Pa ssiflora se utilizan tradicionalmente en Perú como ansiolíticos y para tratar problemas inflamatorios. D eterminar el efecto neurofarmacológico del extracto etanólico de Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. y su efecto ansiol ítico en ratones. S e evaluó la ansiedad con el test de enterramiento de canicas y el efecto depresor con el test de Irwin . Las dosis de 100 mg/kg/peso corporal y 200 mg/kg/peso corporal por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) disminuyeron significativamente la ansi edad ( p <0,05) con efecto depresor no significativo en 11 de las 12 pruebas, mostrando una correlación similar entre el diazepam aplicado a dosis de 1 mg/Kg/p.c. (i.p) y el efecto de Passiflora . S e observó un mayor efecto ansiolítico y antidepresivo en rato nes con 200 mg/kg/peso corporal encontrándose manifestaciones neurofarmacológicas pero no se observó muerte a ninguna de las dosis empleadas.

Asociación entre la depresión y variables sociodemográficas en el adulto mayor en el Perú / Association between Depression and Sociodemographic Variables in the Elderly in Peru / Associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos no Peru

en el artículo se analizan la depresión, variables sociodemográficas y su asociación entre ellas en adultos mayores en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: se usó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional a una submuestra de 5247 adultos mayores. Se emplearon los datos generados por la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud (endes) del 2019, utilizando el instrumento de investigación: Patient Healtth Questionnarie (phq-9) de nueve preguntas y las variables sociodemográficas, incluidas en los cuestionarios de salud, características del hogar y la vivienda, de la endes 2019. Para el estudio estadístico se usó el modelo de regresión logística múltiple,para establecer si existía asociación entre depresión y variables sociode-mográficas. Resultados: los resultados señalan que el 15.3 % de las personas de 60 años a más presenta una depresión moderada, moderadamente severa y severa. Asimismo, se encontró que la depresión y las variables sociodemográficas (nivel de instrucción, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo y grupo etario) están relacionadas; sin embargo, no están relacionadas con las variables hábito de fumar, obesidad, tener pareja y lugar de residencia. Conclusiones: la depresión está relacionada con algunas variables sociodemográficas consideradas en este estudio. La depresión en adultos mayores se está convirtiendo en un significativo problema de salud pública, más frecuente en mujeres, edades avanzadas, áreas rurales, niveles socioe-conómicos bajos, menores niveles educativos, presión arterial, discapacidad y consumo problemático de alcohol; condiciones que deben tenerse en cuenta para la implementación de políticas públicas.

We analyzed depression, sociodemographic variables, and the association between them in older adults in Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted, including 5,247 older adults. The data was extracted from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey (endes) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (phq-9) of nine questions. The health questionnaires also included sociodemographic variables, household characteristics, and housing-related questions. A multiple logistic regression model was used to determine if there was an association between depression and sociodemographic variables. Results: Approximately 15.3% of older adults had a history of depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe). We identified a relationship between depression and some sociodemographic variables (education level, diabetes, wealth index, sex, and age group). However, depres-sion was not related to smoking habits, obesity, having a partner, and place of residence. Conclusions: Depression was related to some of the sociodemographic variables considered in this study. Depression in older adults is becoming a significant public health problem, more frequent in women, advanced ages, rural areas, low socioeconomic levels, lower educational levels, blood pressure, disability, and problem-atic alcohol consumption. These conditions must be considered in the implementation of public policies

Introdução: no presente artigo analisa-se a depressão, variáveis sociodemográficas e a associação entre elas em idosos no Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com uma suba-mostra de 5247 idosos. Foram utilizados os dados gerados pela "Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde" (do espanhol endes) do ano de 2019, utilizando como instrumento de pesquisa o: Patient Health Questionnarie (phq-9) de nove questões e as variáveis sociodemográficas, incluídas nos questionários de saúde, domiciliar e características de moradia, do endes 2019. Para o estudo estatístico, foi utilizado o modelo de regres-são logística múltipla para verificar se havia associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: os resultados indicam que 15,3 por cento das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais apresentam um nível de depressão moderada, moderadamente grave e grave. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que a depressão e as variáveis sociodemográficas (escolaridade, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo e faixa etária) estão relacionadas; entretanto, não estão relacionados com as variáveis hábito de fumar, obesidade, ter companheiro e local de residência. Conclusões: a depressão está relacionada com algumas das variáveis sociodemográficas consideradas neste estudo. A depressão em idosos está se tornando um problema sig-nificativo de saúde pública, mais frequente em mulheres, idades avançadas, áreas rurais, níveis socioeco-nómicos baixos, níveis educacionais mais baixos, pressão arterial, deficiência e consumo problemático de álcool; condições que devem ser levadas em conta para a implementação de políticas públicas.

Avaliação da sonolência e queixas de sono dos estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Evaluation of sleepness and sleep complaints among dentistry students from the federal University of Ceará / Evaluación de somnolencia y quejas de sueño en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Federal de Ceará

O sono é um estado essencial para sobrevivência humana, ele exerce função biológica, restauradora e de conservação energética do organismo, promovendo equilíbrio físico e mental. Alta prevalência da má qualidade de sono e sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) têm sido relatadas por estudantes universitários de diversos cursos, ocasionando prejuízos na concentração e queda dos rendimentos acadêmicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sono, a SDE e suas possíveis associações com sintomas depressivos em estudantes de odontologia. Foi realizado um estudo transversal e descritivo com 251 alunos do curso de odontologia da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB). Verificou-se uma alta prevalência de má qualidade de sono (53,4%) e SDE (35,1%) entre os estudantes, sem diferença significante em relação ao sexo para ambas. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre IDB com IQSP e ESE (r = 0,478; p = 0,000 e r = 0,202; p = 0,000, respectivamente). Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de má qualidade de sono e SDE e ambos os achados apresentaram associação com sintomas depressivos.

Sleep is an essential state for human survival. It has a biological, restorative and energy conservation function for the organism, promoting physical and mental balance. A high prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been reported among university students from different courses, causing impaired concentration and a drop in academic performance. This study evaluates sleep quality, EDS and their possible associations with depressive symptoms in dentistry students. A cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted with 251 students from the Dentistry Course at the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Variables of interest were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality (53.4%) and EDS (35.1%) among students, with no significant difference regarding gender. BDI had a positive correlation with PSQI and ESS (r= 0.478, p= 0.000; and r= 0.202, p =0.000, respectively). Both findings were associated with depressive symptoms.

El sueño es un estado esencial para la supervivencia humana, tiene una función biológica, reparadora y de conservación de energía para el organismo, favoreciendo el equilibrio físico y mental. Se ha reportado una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) en estudiantes universitarios de diferentes carreras que provoca alteración de la concentración y caída del rendimiento académico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad del sueño, la SDE y sus posibles asociaciones con síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de odontología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 251 estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Farmacia, Odontología y Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Ceará. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI), la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth (ESS) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). Hubo una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño (53,4%) y SDE (35,1%) entre los estudiantes, sin diferencia significativa en relación con el género para ambos. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre BDI con PSQI y ESS (r= 0,478; p= 0,000 y r= 0,202; p = 0,000, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño y SDE, y ambos hallazgos se asociaron con síntomas depresivos.

Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como apoyo a la salud mental para mujeres en etapa perinatal / Information and communication technology as a support for mental health in perinatal women / Tecnologias de informação e comunicação como apoio à saúde mental de mulheres na fase perinatal

Durante el embarazo la mujer experimenta muchos cambios, no solo físicos, también mentales, por eso la salud mental perinatal es de gran importancia en esta etapa. La mayoría de las mujeres en embarazo que desarrollan alguna enfermedad mental durante la gestación, como depresión o ansiedad, no son diagnosticadas, lo que puede generar efectos adversos para la madre y el bebé. En ese sentido, es de gran importancia el tamizaje, diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento de este grupo. Gracias a los avances tecnológicos podemos contar con las tecnologías de la Información y la comunicación (TIC) para buscar maneras cómo aproximarse a las mujeres en etapa perinatal para el tamizaje y hacer el seguimiento de su salud mental. Así que este artículo de revisión se enfoca en ver su aceptabilidad, la percepción, las barreras al acceso y nuevos desarrollos enfocados en mejorar la salud mental en las mujeres en etapa perinatal.

During pregnancy, a woman experiences many changes, not only physical, but also mental, which is why perinatal mental health is of great importance at this stage. The majority of pregnant women who develop a mental illness during pregnancy, such as depression or anxiety, are not diagnosed, which can cause adverse effects for the mother and baby. In this sense, the screening, diagnosis, management and follow-up of this group is of great importance. Thanks to technological advances, we can count on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to find ways to approach women in the perinatal stage for screening and monitoring their mental health. So this review article focuses on seeing its acceptability, perception, barriers to access and new developments focused on improving mental health in perinatal women.

Durante el embarazo la mujer experimenta muchos cambios, no solo físicos, también mentales, por eso la salud mental perinatal es de gran importancia en esta etapa. La mayoría de las mujeres en embarazo que desarrollan alguna enfermedad mental durante la gestación, como depresión o ansiedad, no son diagnosticadas, lo que puede generar efectos adversos para la madre y el bebé. En ese sentido, es de gran importancia el tamizaje, diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento de este grupo. Gracias a los avances tecnológicos podemos contar con las tecnologías de la Información y la comunicación (TIC) para buscar maneras cómo aproximarse a las mujeres en etapa perinatal para el tamizaje y hacer el seguimiento de su salud mental. Así que este artículo de revisión se enfoca en ver su aceptabilidad, la percepción, las barreras al acceso y nuevos desarrollos enfocados en mejorar la salud mental en las mujeres en etapa perinatal.

Prévalence et facteurs prédicteurs des troubles post-traumatiques chez les accidentés de la voie publique / Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in road traffic accidents

Introduction: les troubles post-traumatiques survenant à la suite d'un accident de la route ont un impact tant sanitaire qu'économique. Méthodes: notre étude prospective, vise à déterminer la prévalence de ces troubles, et de dégager leurs facteurs de risque auprès de sujets victimes d'accidents de la route et hospitalisés au service de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Sfax-Tunisie. Résultats: soixante-dix sujets ont été inclus dans notre étude. La prévalence de l'état de stress aigu était de 37,1% et il a été associé au sexe féminin, au niveau scolaire bas, à la présence d'antécédents médicochirurgicaux, à la passivité au cours de l'accident, à la sévérité des lésions, et à la présence d'une symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Le trouble stress post traumatique était constaté chez 40% des sujets et il a été associé au milieu de résidence urbain, à la passivité au cours de l'accident, et à la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Des scores faibles des stratégies de coping fonctionnelles et des scores élevés des stratégies de coping dysfonctionnelles ont été significativement associés à ces deux troubles. Le niveau scolaire bas, la résidence en milieu urbain, un niveau élevé d'anxiété et de dépression et la stratégie de coping de déni apparaissent comme des facteurs de risque indépendants de l'état de stress aigu et du trouble stress post traumatique. Conclusion: il s'avère ainsi important de déterminer un profil de personnes plus exposées aux troubles post-traumatique afin de permettre un dépistage précoce par les médecins avec lesquels les accidentés pourraient avoir des contacts dans les suites de leurs accidents.

ntroduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder following a road accident has both a health and an economic impact. Methods: we conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of this disorder, and to identify risk factors in subjects victims of road accidents and hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the University Hospital Center of Sfax-Tunisia. Results: a total of sixty-ten subjects were included in this study. The prevalence of acute stress was 37.1% and was associated with female sex, low educational level, previous medical and surgical history, passivity during the accident, severity of injuries and the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms. Post-traumatic stress disorder was observed in 40% of subjects and was associated with urban residential environment, passivity during the accident and anxious and depressive symptoms. Low scores for functional coping strategies and high scores for dysfunctional coping strategies were significantly associated with both disorders. Low educational level, urban residential environment, high levels of anxiety and depression, and denial coping strategy appear to be independent risk factors for acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: It is therefore important to determine the profile of people at greater risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, to enable early diagnosis in victims of road accidents.

Assessment of the prevalence of depression and the use of antidepressants in a study population

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that there is an increasing burden of depression and other mental health conditions globally. WHO global health estimate for depression reports a prevalence of 5.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pharmacological therapy still remains the most popular treatment for diagnosed depression. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression and outcomes of antidepressants among final year undergraduate students in a Federal University. A descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out at University of Benin, Benin City. A validated questionnaire was distributed to the 319 final year clinical students of the College of Medicine, School of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy. Data obtained were organized and analysed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was done; frequencies and percentages were used to summarize variables of interest. Ethical considerations were observed. All the questionnaires used were valid for analysis. About 90.0% of the respondents were knowledgeable about depression. Symptoms of depression were reported in 20.0% of the respondents with 16.6% having moderate symptoms of depression and 3.4% having moderately severe symptoms of depression. The same 20.0% used antidepressants and 14.7% did not adhere to their regimen. Side effects were experienced by majority of respondents (16.3%) on antidepressants. There was a low prevalence of depression in the study population. Adherence to drug therapy was poor. Side effects to treatment were reported by majority of students receiving antidepressants. Majority of patients claim to be better now that they are using antidepressant treatment as the symptoms of the disease are resolving.

Combined Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Low-prognosis Patients Undergoing IVF-ET Again / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of multiple therapies of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in low-prognosis patients who received antagonist protocol for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer （IVF-ET） again. MethodA total of 128 patients with kidney Yin deficiency， liver depression， and blood stasis who planned to receive antagonist protocol for IVF-ET in the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled and assigned into two groups by random number table method. The observation group （64 casces） was treated by oral administration of Chinese medicine decoction + enema of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method + auricular point sticking + oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone （DHEA）， while the control group （64 casces） was treated by only oral administration of DHEA. After treatment for three menstrual cycles， both groups received the antagonist protocol for IVF-ET. The TCM syndrome scores， basic sex hormone levels， antral follicle count （AFC）， the usage of gonadotropin （Gn）， endometrial receptivity indicators， embryo quality indicators， and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. ResultAfter treatment， the observation group showed decreased follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）/luteinizing hormone （LH） ratio， lowered level of estradiol （E2）， increased AFC， decreased amount and days of Gn usage， improved endometrial receptivity indicators （endometrial thickness on trigger and ET days， proportion of endometrial type A in endometrial types and the level of E2 on trigger day） and embryo quality indicators （the rates of mature follicles， fertilization， normal fertilization， and premium embryos）， and decreased TCM syndrome scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group had lower FSH/LH ratio， E2 level， and amount of Gn usage， higher AFC， poorer endometrial receptivity and embryo quality indicators， and lower TCM syndrome scores than the control group after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， except for 3 cases of natural pregnancy， the observation group outperformed the control group in terms of improving the clinical pregnancy rates during initiation cycle and transplantation cycle and clinical pregnancy rate and decreasing biochemical pregnancy rate and early abortion rate （P<0.05）. ConclusionCombined therapies of TCM can alleviate the clinical symptoms， reduce TCM syndrome scores， reduce the Gn usage amount， improve the number and quality of embryos and endometrial receptivity， and coordinate the synchronous development of endometrium and embryo. In this way， they can increase the clinical pregnancy rate and reduce biochemical pregnancy rate and early abortion rate in the low prognosis patients with kidney yin deficiency， liver depression， and blood stasis who are undergoing IVF-ET again.

Ameliorative effect and mechanism of curcumin on diabetes model rats with depression / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of curcumin on diabetes model rats with depression based on cAMP response element binding protein （CREB）/brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway. METHODS The diabetes model rat with depression was established by high fat and high sugar diet+intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin+chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， positive control group （0.18 g/kg metformin and 1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine， gavage）， curcumin low-dose and high-dose groups （30， 60 mg/kg， gavage） and curcumin high-dose+CREB inhibitor group [60 mg/kg curcumin （gavage）+5 mg/kg CREB inhibitor 666-15 （intraperitoneal injection）]， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were selected as the normal group. Each group was given a corresponding intervention for 4 weeks， the fasting blood glucose level of rats was detected， and the depression of rats was assessed. The levels of corticosterone （CORT） and inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin- 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6] in serum， and the levels of norepinephrine （NE） and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in hippocampal tissue were determined. The pathological changes and neuronal apoptosis were observed in the hippocampal tissue of rats in each group； the expression levels of CREB， BDNF mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the hippocampal tissue of rats in the model group was severely damaged， and neurons were scattered， while the fasting blood glucose， the forced swimming immobility time， the tail suspension immobility time， serum levels of CORT， TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， and neuron apoptosis indexes were all increased or prolonged significantly （P＜0.05）. The levels of NE and 5-HT， the number of surviving neurons， and the expression levels of CREB and BDNF mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the 的model group， the damage to hippocampal tissue was relieved in the positive control group and curcumin groups， while the above indexes were improved significantly （P＜0.05）. The improvement effect of curcumin high-dose group was better than that of curcumin low-dose group （P＜0.05）. CREB inhibitor could significantly reverse the ameliorative effect of high-dose curcumin on the model rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin can improve the depression of diabetes model rats with depression， and relieve neuronal damage and inflammatory response， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.

Association of diabetic retinopathy with anxiety and depression / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

As society advances and living standards improve, there is a growing emphasis on the impact of mental health on illness and the interaction between them. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common underlying diseases, and it is often accompanied by depression and anxiety. There are also many complications of diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR). DR is the leading cause of vision loss in diabetes. Vision loss inevitably increases anxiety and/or depression, which in turn may directly or indirectly affect the treatment or progression of patients with DR. This article reviews how to determine the anxiety and depression status of patients with DR, related assessment tools and methods, and their interaction with the treatment of DR. The interaction of anxiety-depressive states with DR treatment was also discussed. This review aims to raise awareness of the mental health of patients with DR, enhance doctor-patient communication and build doctor-patient trust, thus enhancing treatment adherence and clinical efficacy for individuals with DR and helping them to improve the quality of life.

2017 to 2021 suicidal behavior in hospitalized patients with major depression and the influencing factors / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the suicidal behavior in hospitalized patients with major depression and its influencing factors. MethodsA total of 1 000 patients with major depression admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects to investigate the status quo of suicidal behavior of the enrolled patients. According to the survey results， the patients were divided into suicidal behavior group and non-suicidal behavior group， and the related factors affecting their suicidal behavior. ResultsA total of 511 cases （51.10%） of the patients with major depression committed suicide in hospital， including 271 cases （27.10%） of suicidal ideation， 186 cases （18.60%） of attempted suicide， and 54 cases （5.40%） of suicide death. 489 patients （48.90%） did not commit suicide. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age， gender， marital status， loss of interest or pleasure， anxiety， sense of worthlessness or self-guilt， sleep status， personality， depressive episodes and paranoia between the suicidal behavior group and the non-suicidal behavior group （all P<0.05）. Logistic multifactorial regression analysis showed that age ≤28 years （OR=1.54）， female （OR=1.93）， anxiety （OR=1.61）， sense of worthlessness or self-guilt （OR=1.85） and paranoia （OR=2.15） were all independent predictors of suicidal behavior in the patients with major depression. ConclusionThe incidence of nosocomial suicide in patients with major depression is high. Early onset age， female， anxiety， sense of worthlessness or self-guilt， more depressive episodes and paranoia are independent risk predictors of suicide in patients with major depression. This finding can be used for clinical intervention to reduce the occurrence of suicide in patients.

Pharmacodynamic Substances and Action Mechanisms of Chaihu Shugansan in Antidepressant Treatment： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a kind of complex mental illness， which is mainly treated by western medicine at present， but the effect of western antidepressant drugs is not good due to the combined influence of side effects and individual differences of patients. Depression is a "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine， and its treatment principle is to disperse stagnated liver Qi for relieving Qi stagnation. The classic traditional Chinese medicine formula Chaihu Shugansan （CHSGS） has a long history of treating depression and demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy. Clinically， the addition and subtraction of CHSGS is flexible， but the properties of the active ingredients are vague， and the mechanism and function are unclear. In order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic basis and antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS， this article reviews the pharmacodynamic material basis of CHSGS， clinical research and antidepressant mechanism research progress. Clinically， CHSGS can treat various types of depression such as primary depression， post-stroke depression， and postpartum depression. This article summarizes 32 main ingredients of CHSGS， among which albiflorin， ferulic acid， naringin， hesperidin， saikosaponin a， glycyrrhetinic acid， tangeretin， meranzin hydrate， nobiletin and glycyrrhizic acid are the quality markers （Q-markers） for the antidepressant effect of CHSGS. The antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS is complex， including regulating monoamine neurotransmitters， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， neurotrophic factors， inflammatory response， cell damage-related pathways， oxidative stress， etc. This article helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of CHSGS in treating depression， and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of CHSGS in treating depression and the development of antidepressant drugs.

Mental health status and influencing factors of permanent residents in Yichang, Hubei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of mental health status of permanent residents in Yichang, Hubei Province. Methods A total of 9 576 permanent residents aged 18 years and older from Yichang City were selected by a multistage random sampling method between June and October 2022. The PHQ-9 was used to assess the residents’ depressive symptoms, the GAD-7 was used to assess their anxiety symptoms, the ISI was used to assess their insomnia status, and the PCL-5 was used to assess their stress status. The influence factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed using χ2 test and logistic regression. Results A total of 9 122 valid questionnaires were completed. The detection rate of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress symptoms were 29.98%, 19.03%, 11.97% and 1.58%, respectively. Gender, education level, monthly family income, self-rated health status, mental health literacy level, total GAD-7 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms, while gender, education level, self-rated health status, total PHQ-9 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is high among the permanent residents in Yichang, while the situation of insomnia and stress is relatively good. Measures such as improving the level of mental health literacy can be taken to improve mental health level of residents in Yichang.

Research progress of neuronal injury mediated by microglial activation and depression / 中国药理学通报

Depression is a common neurological disorder with high incidence, high recurrence and high disability, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In recent years, the protective and attacking effects of glial cells on neurons have become the frontier of neurological disease research. Neuronal injury caused by abnormal activation of microglia (MG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. In this paper, through literature retrieval by GeenMedical and CNKI, the relevant pathways and key targets of MG activation in depression are summarized so as to provide a theoretical basis for further clinical research.

Relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events, and resilience in primary and secondary school teachers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and resilience among primary and secondary school teachers, so as to provide a reference for mental health promotion in school teachers.@*Methods@#During November to December 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenient cluster sampling method to select 11 332 in service teachers from 38 schools in 8 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, a self developed 21-item Adverse Life Events questionnaire, and a 10-item Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms, experiences of negative life events, and resilience levels of the teachers, respectively. The relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and psychological resilience were analyzed by multiple linear regression and stratified regression.@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers was 14.0%. Negative life events of primary and secondary school teachers were positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r =0.35), while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r =-0.45) ( P <0.05). After adjusting for possible covariates including gender and marital status, negative life events were positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( β=0.22, P <0.01). Resilience played a moderating role in the association of negative life events with depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers ( B=-0.15, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Negative life events experiences are associated with higher level of depressive symptoms among school teachers. However, resilience might mitigate the negative effects of negative life events on depressive symptoms, playing a protective role in teachers mental health.