Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Depressive-related Syndromes Based on Intestinal Flora： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The depressive state， as an emotional disorder， has common symptoms of lack of interest， self-denial， unresponsiveness， unwillingness to communicate， and even extreme misanthropy or suicidal tendency. The depressive state involves a variety of diseases， such as depression， post-stroke depression， postpartum depression， irritable bowel syndrome， major depression， and schizophrenia， which affects the treatment effect and prognosis of the disease， seriously reduces the quality of life and increases the economic burden of patients. At present， the mechanism of depressive state is complex， and the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. The mechanism of depressive state may be related to abnormal expression of monoamine neurotransmitters， neuronal damage， changes in transduction pathways， hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， release of inflammatory cytokines， etc. An increasing number of studies in recent years have confirmed that the occurrence of depression is closely related to intestinal flora disorder， and they interact with each other. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is effective in preventing and treating depressive state with few adverse reactions and a low recurrence rate. TCM also has the effect of regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. At the same time， intestinal flora affects the absorption and efficacy of active components of Chinese medicine through metabolic transformation. With the development of microecology， in-depth studies are conducted on the effect of intestinal flora on the occurrence and development of depressive state and brain-gut axis. Intestinal flora has become another potential target for the study of TCM treating depressive state. Starting from the theory and clinical practice of TCM， this paper summarized the mechanism of TCM in treating depressive state by Chinese medicine monomers， compound prescriptions， and acupuncture based on the theory of intestinal flora in recent years. This paper provided information for the profound study of the pathogenesis of depressive state and the scientific connotation of TCM in treating depressive state and ideas for the systematic exploration of the microbiological basis of symptom changes.

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Depressive-related Syndromes Based on Intestinal Flora： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The depressive state， as an emotional disorder， has common symptoms of lack of interest， self-denial， unresponsiveness， unwillingness to communicate， and even extreme misanthropy or suicidal tendency. The depressive state involves a variety of diseases， such as depression， post-stroke depression， postpartum depression， irritable bowel syndrome， major depression， and schizophrenia， which affects the treatment effect and prognosis of the disease， seriously reduces the quality of life and increases the economic burden of patients. At present， the mechanism of depressive state is complex， and the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. The mechanism of depressive state may be related to abnormal expression of monoamine neurotransmitters， neuronal damage， changes in transduction pathways， hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， release of inflammatory cytokines， etc. An increasing number of studies in recent years have confirmed that the occurrence of depression is closely related to intestinal flora disorder， and they interact with each other. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is effective in preventing and treating depressive state with few adverse reactions and a low recurrence rate. TCM also has the effect of regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. At the same time， intestinal flora affects the absorption and efficacy of active components of Chinese medicine through metabolic transformation. With the development of microecology， in-depth studies are conducted on the effect of intestinal flora on the occurrence and development of depressive state and brain-gut axis. Intestinal flora has become another potential target for the study of TCM treating depressive state. Starting from the theory and clinical practice of TCM， this paper summarized the mechanism of TCM in treating depressive state by Chinese medicine monomers， compound prescriptions， and acupuncture based on the theory of intestinal flora in recent years. This paper provided information for the profound study of the pathogenesis of depressive state and the scientific connotation of TCM in treating depressive state and ideas for the systematic exploration of the microbiological basis of symptom changes.

Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome prolongs rapid eyes movement sleep time in depressive state and shortens deep sleep time in manic state in patients with bipolar disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective:To observe the effect of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAS) on sleep staging of bipolar disorder patients in different states. Methods:A total of 210 healthy controls aged 18-65 and 235 bipolar disorder patients of the same age were collected. The bipolar disorder patients were divided into depressive, manic and mixed states. Sleep time structure, sleep posture, heart rate and other indicators were collected by using sleep quality assessment system based on cardiopulmonary coupling analysis. According to whether the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was ≥ 5 times/h, whether they had SAS were determined. Two-way multivariate analysis of variance was conducted, investigating the effect of clinical states and SAS, on several sleep indicators. Results:SAS significantly prolonged rapid eyes movement (REM) sleep time of patients in depressive state (P=0.000) and shortened deep sleep time of patients in manic state (P=0.011). In addition, the heart rate during sleep (including deep sleep, light sleep and REM sleep) of patients in manic state increased most significantly among the three clinical states (P=0.000). Lying supine aggravated SAS most significantly in manic state among the three clinical states (P=0.002). Conclusion:SAS has different effects on the sleep staging of bipolar disorder patients in different states.

Sobre os gestos brutais: o trauma, a destruição e as formas de adoecimento psíquico / On brutal gestures: trauma, destruction, and forms of psychic illness / Sobre los gestos brutales: el trauma, la destrucción y las formas de enfermedad psíquica / Sur les gestes brutaux: traumatisme, destruction et formes de maladie psychique

Com base em uma experiência narrada por Milan Kundera, procuramos apresentar duas formas de adoecimento psíquico (por ativação e por passivação), e relacioná-las ao modelo proposto por Green para pensar os estados depressivos por passivação. Consideramos que a intrincação entre as pulsões de destruição e a libido, mesmo quando geradora de fantasias ou gestos brutais, pode revelar-se como tentativa episódica de defesa ativa em meio à predominância da passivação gerada pelo desamparo pós-traumático.

From an experience narrated by Milan Kundera, we try to present two forms of psychic illness (by activation and by passivation) and relate them to the model proposed by Green to think a depressive state due to passivation. We believe that the intricacy between the drives of destruction and the libido, even when it generates brutal fantasies or gestures, may prove to be an episodic attempt of active defense amid the predominance of passivation generated by posttraumatic helplessness.

A partir de una experiencia narrada por Milan Kundera, procuramos presentar dos formas de adicción psíquica (por activación y por pasivación), y relacionarlas al modelo propuesto por Green para pensar los estados depresivos por pasivación. Consideramos que la intrincación entre las pulsiones de destrucción y la libido, aun cuando generadora de fantasías o gestos brutales, puede revelarse como tentativa episódica de defensa activa en medio de la predominancia de la pasivación generada por el desamparo post-traumático.

À partir d'une expérience racontée par Milan Kundera, nous essayons de présenter deux formes de maladie psychique (par activation et par passivation) et de les relier au modèle proposé par Green pour penser à un état dépressif dû à la passivation. Nous pensons que la intrication des pulsions de destruction et de la libido, même si elle engendre des fantasmes ou des gestes brutaux, peut s'avérer être une tentative épisodique de défense active dans la prédominance de la passivation générée par le état de détresse post-traumatique.

The practical value of a Logistic regression model of serum indexes in differentiating between geriatric depression and depressive state / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the practical value of a logistic regression model of serum indexes in distinguishing between geriatric depression and geriatric depressive state. Methods A total of 160 patients were recruited from the outpatient department from January 2013 to January 2016 ,and were divided into a depression group (n= 80)and a depressive state group (n= 80) ,with retrospective diagnoses based on the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-Third-Edition(CCMD-3).Serum samples were collected and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)were used to determine the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF ) ,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) ,fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF-2) ,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ,interleukin-1β(IL-1β) ,interleukin-6 (IL-6) ,interleukin-10 (IL-10) ,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) ,cortisol (CORT ) ,and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).Binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the regression model ,and the ROC curve was drawn to explore its value of differentiating geriatric depression from depressive state. Results The levels of serum BDNF , GDNF and VEGF in the depression group were lower than those in the depressive state group (BDNF :208.7 ± 41.4 vs.262.9 ± 84.6 ng/L ,GDNF :92.3 ± 18.6 vs. 101.4 ± 30.9 ng/L ,VEGF :223.1 ± 98.2 vs. 257.8 ± 77.2ng/L) ,while the levels of IL-1βand CORT in the depression group were higher than in the depressive group(IL-1β:27.0 ± 4.9 vs.19.6 ± 5.7 μg/L ,CORT :96.3 ± 16.7 vs.83.0 ± 17.3 nng/L).In multivariate logistic regression analysis ,BDNF(OR = 0.987 ,P = 0.001) ,IL-1β(OR =1.29 ,P = 0.000)and CORT (OR = 1.065 ,P = 0.000)were selected to build the regression model. The regression equation was P=1/[1+e-(- 8.546 - 0.013(BDNF)+ 0.258(IL -1β)+ 0.063(CORT)) ]and the area under the ROC curve was 0.966.Compared with retrospective diagnoses made two weeks later ,the correct diagnosis rate of the logistic model was 90.47％. Conclusions The Logistic regression model of serum indexes can further differentiate between geriatric depression and depressive state which also offers additional benefits for the diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,and treatment of depression.

Comparative analysis of the depressive state, stressor, and stress-relieving factors of novice first year residents and established residents in Japan / 医学教育

Aim: We sought to compare the depression state of first-year residents, who were new to the system of clinical resident training, with those who had become completely familiar with the system.Method: A questionnaire-based survey on stress reaction was distributed to 250 resident training hospitals in Japan. The survey was taken by 1,753 first year residents who started postgraduate clinical training in 2011. The survey was given to the students once before the training and-again months after the training had started. The results were compared with those from a similar survey in 2004.Result: 3 months after the training had started, 30.5% of residents suffered from a depressive state. At that time, the prevalence of residents with newly developed symptoms of depression, who had no depressive state before the training, significantly decreased compared to those in 2004 (19.6 vs. 25.2%, p<0.001). The decrease of depressive state in 2011 may be due to the decrease of working hours, the improvement of stressor and stress-relieving factors.Discussion: Many residents still experienced a stress reaction. Further improvement of the training environment should be considered.

Effects of curcumin on gut microbiota of interval sleep deprivation rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the effects of curcumin (CUR) on gut microbiota of interval sleep deprivation (ISD) rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, big platform (BP) control group, model group, and CUR (70 mg/kg) group. Firstly, ISD model rats were established by improved small platform method; Then, open field test and sucrose preference test were utilized to assess the depression-like behavior of the ISD model rats and intervention effects of CUR; Thirdly, gut microbiota DNA samples were extracted from feces, the primers of Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides were designed by 16S rRNA gene sequence, and the fluprescence qualitation of the bacteria through general PCR was obtained. Results: The results of behavioral experiments showed that open field test scores and sucrose preference rate were significantly lower than those of the BP group (P<0.01), and CUR played a significant improving role. The qRT-PCR data suggested that the relative expression of E. coli, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides of ISD model rats were lower than those in normal and big platform groups in ISD model rats, while higher for Clostridium perfringens (P<0.05, 0.01). The amounts of E. coli, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides of CUR intervened group were higher than those in ISD model rats, except for Clostridium perfringens (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: The results show that as a stress, ISD not only causes mental disorders in rats, but also leads to the changes of five bacteria strains. CUR could alter the imbalance of gut microbiota, which might be one of the mechanisms of its effects on depression-like behaviors of ISD rats.

Longitudinal Evaluation of the Relevance of Change in the Number of Baths, Cognitive Impairment and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease after Disease Onset / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  We previously reported that in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the number of baths that patients report taking at their first evaluation at a memory clinic was significantly decreased in comparison to before the onset of dementia. Based on this research, we thought further longitudinal evaluation was needed regarding the relationship between the number of baths, cognitive impairment and depression state after AD progression. In the present study, we reevaluate the number of baths; cognitive function tests (Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised [HDS-R], Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]); and the depression assessment (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) 1 year after first evaluation.<BR>  At the first evaluation, the average number of baths taken by 65 AD patients (16 male, 49 female; range: 64-90 years, average: 79.5±5.6 years), was 5.6±1.6 bathsweek. At the reevaluation, this number had decreased to 4.9±1.9 bathsweek. In the WAIS-R, a significant positive correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and total intelligence quotient (TIQ). However, no significant correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in HDS-R, MMSE, or verbal intelligence quotient in WAIS-R or SDS.<BR>  We further evaluated the present series by dividing the study population into two subtypes: a group of patients in which the number of baths decreased 1 year after the first evaluation, and a group in which there was no change. There were no significant differences in background factors (e.g. average age at first evaluation) between the groups. Although, no significant difference was observed between the groups in number of baths before dementia onset (both were 6.7 timesweek), a significant difference was found at the first evaluation (5.3 bathsweek vs 5.9 bathsweek, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the groups in cognitive function test or depression assessment at the first evaluation. However, on reevaluation the group with the decreased number of baths showed significantly lower PIQ and TIQ scores in WAIS-R and a significantly higher SDS score.<BR>  The results of the present study suggested that number of baths decreased along with the progression of AD and the greatest participating factor was the practical dysfunction reflected by the PIQ score in WAIS-R. Furthermore, we considered the existence of two subtypes: patients in whom the number of baths decreases with AD progression and those in whom there is no change.

Longitudinal Evaluation of the Relevance of Change in the Number of Baths, Cognitive Impairment and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease after Disease Onset / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  We previously reported that in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the number of baths that patients report taking at their first evaluation at a memory clinic was significantly decreased in comparison to before the onset of dementia. Based on this research, we thought further longitudinal evaluation was needed regarding the relationship between the number of baths, cognitive impairment and depression state after AD progression. In the present study, we reevaluate the number of baths; cognitive function tests (Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised [HDS-R], Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]); and the depression assessment (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) 1 year after first evaluation.   At the first evaluation, the average number of baths taken by 65 AD patients (16 male, 49 female; range: 64-90 years, average: 79.5±5.6 years), was 5.6±1.6 bathsweek. At the reevaluation, this number had decreased to 4.9±1.9 bathsweek. In the WAIS-R, a significant positive correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and total intelligence quotient (TIQ). However, no significant correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in HDS-R, MMSE, or verbal intelligence quotient in WAIS-R or SDS.   We further evaluated the present series by dividing the study population into two subtypes: a group of patients in which the number of baths decreased 1 year after the first evaluation, and a group in which there was no change. There were no significant differences in background factors (e.g. average age at first evaluation) between the groups. Although, no significant difference was observed between the groups in number of baths before dementia onset (both were 6.7 timesweek), a significant difference was found at the first evaluation (5.3 bathsweek vs 5.9 bathsweek, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the groups in cognitive function test or depression assessment at the first evaluation. However, on reevaluation the group with the decreased number of baths showed significantly lower PIQ and TIQ scores in WAIS-R and a significantly higher SDS score.   The results of the present study suggested that number of baths decreased along with the progression of AD and the greatest participating factor was the practical dysfunction reflected by the PIQ score in WAIS-R. Furthermore, we considered the existence of two subtypes: patients in whom the number of baths decreases with AD progression and those in whom there is no change.

The Relation between Bathing Habits, Cognitive Impairment, and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer Disease / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Because bathing frequency decrease as Alzheimer disease (AD) worsens, we investigated the relation between cognitive disfunction and bathing frequency.<br> We asked AD patients and their caregivers about the number of times the patient bathed per week before onset of dementia and the time of first clinical consultation. We investigated the relation between scores from a cognitive function test (Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised [HDS-R], the Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]), and a depression assessment (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) and number of baths taken per week.<br> Before onset of dementia, the average number of baths taken by 89 AD patients (26 men, 63 women; range: 63-90 years, average: 79.8 years), was 6.6 times/week. At evaluation time, this number had decreased significantly to 5.3 times/week (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between perfomance Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and total IQ of the WAIS-R and number of baths (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). No significant correlation coefficient was found between HDS-R, MMSE, verbal IQ of the WAIS-R and the SDS and number of baths. Reasons of the patients gave for less frequent bathing were that bathing was troublesome or was forgotten and that thermoregulation of bath water had become impossible.<br> The results suggested that in AD patients, number of baths taken decreased with aggravation of cognitive dysfunction and that there were multiple participating factors including memory disturbance, depressive state, and, particularly, executive dysfunction.

An Investigation of the Relationship between Senior Doctor's Support and Resident's Depressive State / General Medicine

<b>Background:</b> A depressive state for residents during residency training is a serious problem. Enhancement of senior doctor's support is considered to be one preventive measure, but it is uncertain whether onset of a new depressive state during training is related to senior doctors' support.<br><b>Methods:</b> A dual questionnaire survey was conducted in 2003 on 608 first-year residents at 40 teaching hospitals in Japan. Residents who had not been in a depressive state at the time of the first survey-using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale, but were in a depressive state at the time of the second survey were defined as “residents in a new-onset depressive state.” The degree of senior doctors' support was assessed with Senior Doctor's Support Scale (SDSS), then adjusted OR and 95% CI of the residents in a new-onset depressive state were computed with a multivariate logistic regression model.<br><b>Results:</b> 82 residents (24.4%) were determined to be “residents in the new-onset depressive state.” The mean CES-D Score of Low SDSS Score Group (n=24), Middle SDSS Score Group (n=100), and High SDSS Score Group (n=152) were 20.0 (SD=9.9), 13.8 (SD=8.7), and 11.0 (SD=8.0), respectively (p<0.001). With logistic regression, residents who could fall into a depressive state during residency training were considered to be those who achieve middle SDSS Score (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.45-4.80) and low SDSS score (OR: 17.89, 95% CI: 4.83-66.30).<br><b>Conclusion:</b> Because onset of residents' depressive state is related to senior doctors' support, we should enhance support during residency training.

The Relation between Bathing Habits, Cognitive Impairment, and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer Disease / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Because bathing frequency decrease as Alzheimer disease (AD) worsens, we investigated the relation between cognitive disfunction and bathing frequency.  We asked AD patients and their caregivers about the number of times the patient bathed per week before onset of dementia and the time of first clinical consultation. We investigated the relation between scores from a cognitive function test (Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised [HDS-R], the Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]), and a depression assessment (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) and number of baths taken per week.  Before onset of dementia, the average number of baths taken by 89 AD patients (26 men, 63 women; range: 63-90 years, average: 79.8 years), was 6.6 times/week. At evaluation time, this number had decreased significantly to 5.3 times/week (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between perfomance Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and total IQ of the WAIS-R and number of baths (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). No significant correlation coefficient was found between HDS-R, MMSE, verbal IQ of the WAIS-R and the SDS and number of baths. Reasons of the patients gave for less frequent bathing were that bathing was troublesome or was forgotten and that thermoregulation of bath water had become impossible.  The results suggested that in AD patients, number of baths taken decreased with aggravation of cognitive dysfunction and that there were multiple participating factors including memory disturbance, depressive state, and, particularly, executive dysfunction.

Depressão, traços depressivos e representações parentais: um estudo empírico / Depression, depressive traits and parental representations: an empirical study

Neste trabalho estudámos a relação entre depressão e representações parentais, de acordo com a perspectiva psicodinâmica, verificando se os traços depressivos da personalidade podem ser uma variável mediadora entre representações parentais negativas, consequência de interacções precoces disfuncionais com as figuras significativas, e o estado depressivo sintomático. Trezentos e noventa estudantes universitários seleccionados de diversas instituições de ensino superior responderam a um inventário de traços depressivos, a um diferencial semântico e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II. Cento e quarenta e dois sujeitos (36,4%) eram do sexo masculino e 248 (63,6) eram do sexo feminino). Os estudantes responderam em grupos que variaram entre os 15 e os 50 elementos. Os resultados obtidos através da Análise de Trajectórias apoiam a hipótese dos traços depressivos, a dimensão depressiva da personalidade, ser um mediador entre representações parentais negativas e o estado depressivo sintomático, como é salientado pelas perspectivas psicodinâmicas do desenvolvimento e da psicopatologia.

In this work we have studied the relationship between depression and parental representations, following the psychodynamic perspective, verifying if depressive traits can be a mediation variable between negative parental representations, which are the result of disruptive interactions with significant objects, and the depressive symptomatic state. Three hundred and ninety college students, from several Portuguese university institutions have responded to an inventory that assesses depressive traits, to a Semantic Differential and to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). One hundred and forty two (36,4) were male, and 248 (63,6) were female. Participants have responded to the questionnaires in groups ranging from 15 to 50 elements Results obtained with Path Analysis support the hypothesis that depressive traits, the depressive dimension of personality , is a mediation variable between the negative parental representations and the depressive symptomatic state, as stresses by the psychodynamic perspective of development and psychopathology.

Poststroke Depression—Diagnosis and Treatment— / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Depression is a common complication of stroke. Reported prevalence ranges from 23 to 40% of patients with stroke. The range is very wide, because there are methodological differences between the different studies (e.g. diagnostic criteria, type of rating scales used, timing of evaluation and wide range of patient selection). Poststroke depression (PSD) has a negative impact on functional recovery, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life, and can impede the process of rehabilitation. Furthermore, PSD leads to increased morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to identify and treat depression in its early stages. In this paper, we reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of PSD. Many studies used diagnostic tools that are routinely employed for the diagnosis of major depression and other depressive disorders. Diagnosis is hindered by problems related with self-reporting in patients with cognitive and communicative deficits following stroke, and is confounded by the fact that many of the somatic symptoms of depression can also arise directly from stroke itself. There is therefore a concern about the validity of regular diagnostic tools in assessing poststroke patients. Different approaches and diagnostic criteria used to assess neuropsychiatric disorders in different studies make it difficult to compare their results and to interpret neuropsychiatric phenomena. The effects of treatment of poststroke depression have been examined and confirmed in several trials with tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). There is currently no evidence that exercise, whose effectiveness has been demonstrated in major depression, may reduce depression in stroke patients. This is an area to be further explored in rehabilitation settings.

Health Study on Community Female——Investigation and Analysis on Depressive State of Married Female at Chang'an District of Xi' an / 中国医学伦理学

Depression is the general symptom of gloomy mind,which could lead to suicide.The objective of this research is to explore the relation among different psychosocial factors of depressed countryside women and the roles of economy,family and health.Methods: Use SAS,SDS,Living Affair and individual status to ask 608 women in the countryside of Shanxi.Results: 33.9% women have depressed symptom,the analysis of logistic shows that the factors which will lead to depress are anxiety,minus life events,and so on.Conclusion: There is consanguineous connection between the depression of women and their living conditions,health,economy,and so on.