Research progress on ankylosis of primary molars / 口腔疾病防治

@#Ankylosis of primary molars is a kind of eruption abnormality of the teeth, where the periodontal membrane disappears, owing to a bony union between bone and root. Studies have shown that the common proportion of ankylosed primary molars is 1.3%~8.9% with an equal occurrence. In the primary dentition, the mandibular first primary molar is the most commonly affected tooth, while in the middle mixed dentition stage of development, the second primary molar is more affected. Its etiology may be related to genetics, signaling pathways of mineralization metabolism of local alveolar bone or cementum, cytokines secreted by epithelial rest cells of Malassez, and enhanced inflammatory reactions during physiological absorption of roots. Ankylosis of primary molars can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging and is classified as mild, moderate and severe according to the degree of infraocclusion. As it may cause a series of complications, such as occlusal disturbances, delayed exfoliation and incomplete alveolar process development, multidisciplinary treatment, including in the departments of pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics, should be adopted, and long-term treatment is determined based on the patient's age, severity of infraocclusion, and presence of permanent teeth. This review summarizes the etiology, diagnosis, complications and treatment of ankylosed primary molars to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of decidual molar fixation.

Problem of fused kidneys – Our observations

Genitourinary tract tops the list of developmental anomalies – 30-40% of malformed individuals. These developmental anomalies comprise a diversity of abnormalities ranging from complete absence to aberrant location

orientation

shape

form

fusion

number and vascular attachments. Amongst these wide range of anomalies

fusion anomalies are not uncommon. Horseshoe kidney is the commonest fusion anomaly which accounts for about 0.25% of the population. Unilateral fused kidney with inferior ectopia is the next most common fusion anomaly with an incidence of 1:1000. The other fusion anomalies are Sigmoid or S – shaped kidney

Lump kidney

L shaped kidney

Disc or doughnut kidney and Unilateral fused kidney with superior ectopia. These fusion anomalies are clinically important because they are malrotated

abnormally placed with anomalous blood supply. They are predisposed to various complications like hydronephrosis

infection

urolithiasis and neoplasm. This is a study of 10 patients who presented with fusion anomalies

in the department of Osmania Hospital

Afzalgunj during the period of 2013-2015. The clinical presentations

modalities of arriving at diagnosis

associated complications and the management are discussed.

Diagnóstico prenatal de pentalogía de Cantrell / Prenatal diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell

La pentalogía de Cantrell fue descrita por vez primera en 1958, y consiste en 5 defectos. Tiene una incidencia estimada de 5,5 por 1 millón de nacidos vivos, y su patogénesis no está esclarecida. Se presenta un caso en el que se diagnosticó prenatalmente este defecto de baja frecuencia

Pentalogy of Cantrell was firstly described in 1958 and consists of 5 defects. It has an estimated incidence rate of 5.5 per one million livebirths and the pathogenesis is not clarified. This is the case of a prenatal diagnosis of this low frequency defect

Frenillo labial superior doble / Double frenulum of the superior lip

El frenillo labial superior doble no sindrómico es una anomalía del desarrollo que no hemos encontrado reportada en la revisión bibliográfica realizada. Se presenta una niña de 11 años de edad que fue remitida al servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Eduardo Agramonte Piña , de Camagüey, por presentar un frenillo labial superior doble de baja inserción. Se describen los síntomas clínicos asociados a esta anomalía y el tratamiento quirúrgico utilizado para su solución: una frenectomía y plastia sobre la banda muscular frénica anormal que provocaba exceso de tejido en la mucosa labial. Consideramos muy interesante la descripción de este caso, por no haber encontrado reporte similar en la literatura revisada

Non-syndromic double frenulum of the superior lip is a developmental anomaly that was not found as reported in our literature review. This is the case of an eleven-years old girl who was referred to the maxillofacial surgery service of Eduardo Agramonte Pina hospital in Camaguey, with a diagnosis of double frenulum of the superior lip of low insertion. The clinical symptoms linked to this anomaly and the surgical treatment applied to this case were described in this paper: frenectomy and frenoplasty upon the abnormal muscular band of the frenulum that brought excessive amount of tissue in the lip mucosa. The description of this case was considered to be very interesting since no similar report had been found in the reviewed literature

Breast Developmental Anomalies: A Review of the Problem.

The breast is a sign of female sexual identity. However, there are some anomalies that affect normal breast development. These abnormalities could have physiological, psychological and psychosocial effects on an individual and could result in the person developing a negative self image. Not much study on these anomalies has been carried out even though most people are likely to suffer from any one of these breast developmental abnormalities (BDA) than breast cancer. Awareness on these abnormalities is very low unlike breast cancer. Due to low awareness, people with this form of condition are not aware of measures available. Incidence of these anomalies could be high hence the need to educate people on these abnormalities. This review seeks to create the awareness on BDAs and the necessary interventions available.

Concommitant occurance of dens invaginatus and talon cusp: A case report / Ocorrência simultânea de dens invaginatus e cúspide talon: relato de caso

PURPOSE: Morphological dental anomalies of the maxillary lateral incisors are relatively common. However, their simultaneous occurrence is a relatively rare event. We report a case of dens invaginatus and talon cusp concurrently affecting maxillary lateral incisors. The etiology, pathophysiology, association with other dental anomalies, as well as various treatment modalities of these anomalies are discussed. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 18-year-old male patient reported with a complaint of crowding of maxillary front teeth. On intraoral examination, permanent dentition with Class I malocclusion with anterior crowding was observed. Tooth 12 showed a radiopaque invagination from a lingual pit but confined to the crown of the tooth. This invagination was approximately circular with a central core of radiolucency, which was consistent with the diagnosis of a dens invaginatus type I. Tooth 22 showed the talon cusp as a typical inverted cone with enamel and dentine layers and a pulp horn extending only into the base of the cusp. Talon cusp was treated by prophylactic enameloplasty to avoid plaque accumulation, the deep lingual pit was sealed using composite resin and regular clinical and radiographic follow-up was advised. Patient was scheduled for orthodontic treatment to correct crowding of maxillary anterior teeth. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the fact that detailed clinical and radiographic examination of the maxillary lateral incisors is vital in avoiding complications.

OBJETIVO: Anomalias morfológicas dentárias dos incisivos laterais superiores são relativamente comuns. No entanto, a sua ocorrência simultânea é um evento relativamente raro. Relatamos um caso de dens invaginatus e cúspide talon simultaneamente afetando incisivos laterais superiores. A etiologia, fisiopatologia, associação com outras anomalias dentárias, bem como várias modalidades de tratamento destas anomalias são discutidas. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Um paciente de 18 anos, sexo masculino, relatou com queixa de apinhamento dos dentes anteriores superiores. Ao exame intraoral observou-se dentição permanente com má oclusão Classe I com apinhamento anterior. O dente 12 mostrou uma invaginação radiopaca lingual, confinada à coroa do dente. Esta invaginação era aproximadamente circular, com um núcleo central de radioluscência, que foi compatível com o diagnóstico de dens invaginatus tipo I. O dente 22 apresentou uma cúspide talon como um cone invertido típico com esmalte e dentina em camadas. A cúspide talon foi tratada por ameloplastia profilática para evitar acúmulo de placa, a fissura lingual foi selada com resina composta e foram aconselhados controles clínicos e radiográficos. O paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento ortodôntico para corrigir o apinhamento dos dentes anteriores superiores. CONCLUSÃO: Enfatizamos o fato de que o exame clínico e radiográfico detalhado dos incisivos laterais superiores é vital para evitar complicações.

Anomalias ósseas congênitas em sotalia guianensis (mammalia, cetacea, delphinidae) da costa centro-norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Congenital bone defects in guiana dolphin, sotalia guianensis (mammalia, cetacea, delphinidae) in the northcentral coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Carcaças de botos-cinza Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864) foram recuperadas entre 20 de agosto de 2001 e 13 de fevereiro de 2006, na costa centro-norte fluminense. A maior parte delas (85 por cento) entre Barra de São João (22º35'S 41º59'W) e Quissamã (22º06'S 41º28'W). Foram estudadas as colunas vertebrais dos 20 exemplares que apresentavam mais de 60 por cento das vértebras presentes. A coleção é formada por 75 por cento de animais imaturos, e todos os esqueletos mostram alterações tafonômicas mínimas. Duas categorias de anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas, ambas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do mesoderma paraxial. A sétima vértebra cervical (C7) foi a única afetada, as costelas cervicais e o não fechamento do arco neural atingiram 15 (75 por cento) dos indivíduos analisados, dos quais três (15 por cento) apresentam ambas as anomalias. Nove (45 por cento) indivíduos apresentaram costelas cervicais uni ou bilateral, e nove (45 por cento) indivíduos apresentaram não fechamento do arco neural; em todos os casos as vértebras contíguas eram normais. A ocorrência de anomalias nesta série do Rio de Janeiro é maior do que as referidas na literatura brasileira para outras séries de Sotalia do Amazonas, Ceará e Santa Catarina. A série de Sotalia descrita vem de uma região do litoral muito limitada e provavelmente representa uma população local. As costelas cervicais são geneticamente determinadas e podem estar concentradas por uma condição de grande proximidade biológica entre os animais; o não fechamento do arco pode ter também um componente ambiental, a ser investigado futuramente.

Carcasses of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864) were recovered from August 20, 2001 to February 13, 2006 along the north-central coast of Rio de Janeiro state. Most of the animals (85 percent) were found between Barra de São João (22º35'S 41º59'W) and Quissamã (22º06'S 41º28'W). We studied the vertebral columns of all the 20 specimens that had more than 60 percent of the vertebrae preserved. The series has 75 percent of immature animals and all skeletons displayed a minimum of taphonomic changes. Two categories of congenital anomalies were diagnosed, both related to the development of the paraxial mesoderm. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) was the only affected; the cervical ribs and the cleft neural arches were present in 15 (75 percent) of the individuals, three (15 percent) of which had both anomalies. Nine (45 percent) individuals had unilateral or bilateral cervical ribs, and nine (45 percent) individuals had cleft neural arches; the contiguous vertebrae were normal in every case. The frequency of these anomalies was higher in that Rio de Janeiro series than in other Sotalia series previously reported in the Brazilian literature for Amazonas, Ceará and Santa Catarina States. The present Sotalia series here described comes from a very limited coastal region probably representing a local population. The cervical ribs are genetically defined and may be concentrated because of a condition of close biological proximity among the animals; the cleft arch could also be determined by environmental factors, to be investigated in the future.