Clinical effect and mechanism of / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of @*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with intellectual disability were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the control group, rehabilitation training and routine acupuncture were adopted, 30 min each time, once a day, 6 times a week for 3 months. On the base of the treatment as the control group, @*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of DQ and ADL and the serum levels of DA, NE, 5-HT after treatment were increased (@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of rehabilitation training and routine acupuncture,

¿Cuál es el nivel de desarrollo esperable para un niño con síndrome de Down en sus primeros años de vida? / What is the Level of Development Expected for a Child with Down syndrome in their First Years of Life?

El síndrome de Down es la causa genérica más frecuente de discapacidad vinculada con el desarrollo. La falca de valores normativos para los niños que padecen este trascomo, dificulta una valoración temprana y seguimiento del curso evolutivo. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir el perfil evolutivo de escos niños durante los primeros tres años de vida. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte de cipo prospectivo durante 9 años, en el cual se incluyeron 156 niños menores de 37 meses. Ellos tuvieron 528 evaluaciones con la "Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo" (EAD4), una prueba válida y confiable estandarizada en Colombia para valorar el nivel evolutivo en niños menores de 6 años. Se establecieron los cocientes de desarrollo por trimestres, valores percentil, las variaciones entre las áreas evaluadas, las curvas evolutivas estudiadas en cada área y los períodos más críticos en los diferentes semestres. Estos valores posibilitarán el seguimiento al curso evolutivo de estos niños, la identificación temprana de las áreas de mayor vulnerabilidad y necesidad de intervención, la evaluación del impacto de acciones terapéuticas o programas de estimulación, y la orientación a los padres y agentes sociales y de salud vinculados al desarrollo y la supervivencia del niño y la niña.

Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of disability associated with development. The lack of normative values for these children, hinders an early assessment and monitoring of the clinical course. The objective was to describe the evolutionary profile of these children during the first three years of life. A prospective cohort study was performed, for 9 years, in which 156 children under 37 months were included. They had 528 evaluations by "Abbreviated Scale Development" (EAD -I), a valid and reliable standardized test in Colombia to assess the developmental level in children under 6 years. We obtained quarterly developmental quotients, percentile values, variations between the areas assessed, the evolutionary curve in each area studied and the most critical periods in different semesters. These values will enable monitoring the clinical course of these children, early identificación of areas of greatest vulnerability and need for intervención, assessment of the impact of therapeucic interventions or programs of stimulation and guidance co parents and related health and social agencs to development and survival of che boy and che girl.

Evaluation of iodine supplementation on improvement of developmental quotient at the critical period of infant brain development / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of iodine supplementation on improvement of developmental quotient (DQ) at the critical period of infant brain development.Methods Pregnant,lactating women and infants less than 3 years old were supplemented with iodized oil in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture(Linxia Prefecture) Gansu Province in 2006-2010.Before and after the intervention(2006,2007-2010),five townships were randomly selected in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of eight counties(cities) of Linxia.One village was chosen from each of those townships and 20 infants,20 pregnant women and 20 lactating women were randomly selected in each village(insufficient was made up from the neighboring villages).Urinary iodine(UI) level of the infants,pregnant and lactating women were determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.DQ value of infants was measured before and after supplementation of iodized oil in 2006 and 2010.UI value of pregnant,lactating women and infants was monitored every year after iodine supplementation.Results Before iodine supplementation(2006),the median UI level of pregnant,lactating women and infants was 89.28,84.85,107.3 μg/L,respectively.After iodine supplementation,the medians UI level in 2007,2008,2009 and 2010 were,respectively,pregnant women:136.0,187.8,118.2,175.8 μg/L; lactating women:135.2,159.8,187.5,163.5 μ g/L; infants:139.6,174.7,190.7,168.4 μg/L.Before iodine supplementation,the DQ value of infants was 92.8 ± 16.3,and the average score of gross motor,fine motor,adaptive capacity,language and social behavior was 93.7 ± 20.0,91.4 ± 20.0,92.4 ± 19.0,90.3 ± 20.0,96.4 ± 22.1,respectively.After iodine supplementation,the DQ value of infants was 104.3 ± 13.8,and the average score of gross motor,fine motor,adaptive capacity,language and social behavior was 104.8 ± 21.5,104.1 ± 17.2,104.8 ± 16.1,99.9 ± 19.1,108.0 ± 22.7,respectively,which were higher than that before iodine supplementation (t =-10.43,-10.77,-13.78,-14.28,-9.96,-15.33,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Iodine deficiency at the critical period of brain development can affect the intellectual development of infants and young children at all functional areas of intelligence.Iodine supplementation at the critical period of brain development can prevent mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency disorders.

The analysis of DQ for infants of umbilical cord around the neck / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the impact of umbilical cord around the neck(UCAN) on infants developmental quotient. Methods Intelligence of 60 infants of UCAN under 3 years old were tested by Gesell. Results DQ of UCAN infants was significantly less than normal infants,mainly mild to moderate retardation. DQ between the male and female infants had no significant difference, parents' cognitive level had significant difference with real DQ of infants. Conclusions UCAN has certain influence on mental development of infants,we should strengthen health education,pay close attention to UCAN infants,give regular intelligence surveillance, find early growth retardation,give rehabilitation training to reduce the incidence of intellectual disabilities.

Immediate Spontaneous Shape Correction Using Expantile Zigzag Craniectomy in Infantile Scaphocephaly: Is There an Improvement in the Developmental Quotient Following Surgery?

There is still debate over which method of the surgery is the most appropriate for the treatment of scaphocephalic infants. In addition, change in psychomotor development following these procedures is a very complex issue that has not yet been resolved. In this paper, the authors describe a surgical technique for immediate spontaneous shape correction of infantile scaphocephaly. There were significant differences between pre- and postoperative cephalic index. We also describe an improvement in the developmental quotient following surgery. Therefore, this expantile zigzag craniectomy should be recommended to correct for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis in infants.

The Relationship between Developmental Quotient in Children with Delayed Language Development and Later Intellectual Quotient / 소아과

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to test the predictive validity of developmental test for later intellectual development in young children with delayed language development. METHODS: The study subjects were 66 children who had presented delayed language development and had an initial developmental test and a follow-up intelligence test. The mean age at initial test was 34.2 months(17-48 months), and the mean age at the follow-up test was 55.0 months(40-79.5 months). RESULTS: According to CAT DQ(Cognitive Adaptive Test Developmental Quotient), 66 children were divided into 4 groups: group I(CAT DQ = or85). There was a moderate correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ in group I(r=0.58) and II(r= 0.50), but a low correlation in group III(r=0.19) and IV(r=-0.16). IQs in follow-up tests of all children in group I and II were lower than 70, except two children whose IQs were 75 and 78. IQs of children in group III were lower than 85 except for three children whose IQs were 89, 89, and 90, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that if DQ is lower than 70, the child is highly probable to be mentally subnormal in later years. Although the correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ is low in children with DQs over 70, if a DQ is between 70 and 84, the child is very likely to have learning disability in later years.

Developmental Quotient of Very Low Birth Weight Infants assessed by Korean Infant Development Screening Test

PURPOSE: This is to examine the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants by Korean infant developmental screening test. METHODS: 29 VLBW infants and 39 normal term infants, at their corrected age of 1 to 3 years, were included for the study. Risk factors which influence neurodevelopmental outcomes were analyzed. RESULT: The mean levels of developmental quotients for VLBW infants were lower than those of term infants (P<0.001); gross motor 99.3+/-27.28 vs. 121.3+/-19.08, fine motor 95.9+/-27.22 vs. 118.3+/-17.77, social-personality 100.2+/-28.01 vs. 126.3+/-21.31, language 99.5+/-27.34 vs. 120.1+/-18.82, cognitive-adaptive 101.4+/-28.60 vs. 122.7+/-19.59, and total developmental quotient is 99.3+/-27 vs. 121.7+/-19.18. Nevertheless, the mean levels of the individual developmental quotients for VLBW infants were in normal range. There were five VLBW infants (17%) those who scored lower than 80, also showed neurologic sequelae. The infants who had the more risk factors during hospitalization scored the less developmental quotient (R(2)=0.35, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Although the mean levels of the individual developmental quotient for VLBW infants, assessed by Korean infant developmental screening test, were lower than those of term infants, they are in normal range.