RESUMO
Objective To compare the glycemic control of different management approaches in type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1 DM) children,and to evaluate the influence factors associated with glycemic control.Methods This survey included 68 T1DM children from January 2012 to December 2014 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of more than 1 year management.Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were detected to assess glycemic control.Twenty-three T1DM children who participated in the World Diabetes Foundation(WDF) management program (group A) were compared with 45 T1DM children who were managed by themselves (group B).The clinical data were analyzed to explore the correlations with glycemic control.Results The HbA1c of 68 children was (8.86 ± 2.00)％,and only 21 cases (30.9％) had optimal HbAlc (HbAlc ＜ 7.5％).The level of HbA1 c of group A (7.60 ± 1.57)％ was significantly lower than that of group B[(9.40 ± 1.91) ％] (t =-4.045,P =0.001).Group A had less fluctuation in blood glucose than group B,which the duration more than 3 years.Duration (F =2.277,P =0.004),frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (F =9.375,P =0.001),diabetic education (F =3.276,P =0.002),and diabetic diet (t =-2.046,P =0.025) were associated with glycemic control.Conclusions The glycemic control of T1 DM children at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University was at the medium level,most of them haven't reached the target levels.The WDF management program could significantly and continuously monitor the glycemic level.Diabetic education and more frequent self-monitoring blood glucose and diabetic diet are associated with better glycemic control.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes education on diabetic management by determining the changes of the knowledge and practice for diet therapy and blood glucose level pre-training and post-training. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 52.8 years old, the period of suffering from diabetes was 7.9 years and 31% of the patients had a history of diabetes in their family members. In life style for self-management, they showed lower levels in drinking post-training, and significantly higher exercise levels post-training (P<0.05). Regarding the level of knowledge for diet, they showed significantly higher levels post-training in eight items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.005), principle of diet therapy (p<0.005), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.005), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.005), calorie prescribed to themselves (p<0.001), exchange units prescribed to themselves (p<0.005), exchange food items and exchanges units of cereal & grains (p<0.005) and exchange food items and exchanges units of fruit & juices (p<0.005). Regarding the practices of diet, they showed significantly higher levels of practice in keeping permitted meal size (p<0.005), using food exchange list (p<0.005), keeping exact meal times (p<0.001) and restricting most foods to eat (P<0.01) post-training. When measuring their bodies, average weight was lower post-training. Obesity was significantly lower post-training (p<0.01), and blood pressure both in systolic and diastolic was lower. Postcardinal-2hour blood glucose level decreased significantly from 268.4+/-98.9 pre-training to 180.9+/-48.4 post-training (p<0.001).