Brief Analysis of Neutral Sweet and Flat Foods in WANG Mengying's Suixiju Diet Spectrum / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To summarize WANG Mengying's understanding and experience in using neutral sweet and flat foods in Suixiju Diet Spectrum,and analyze the therapeutic characteristics contained in it,so as to better apply the therapeutic and health theory to clinic and life.[Methods]The neutral flavor sweet and flat foods were screened and listed one by one according to food categories,their distribution rules were explored,their efficacy was analyzed,and their clinical application methods were summarized.The theoretical characteristics of food therapy were comprehensively analyzed in combination with the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.[Results]The number of all kinds of food in Suxiju Diet Spectrum was different,and the most were hairy-feather,which not only had the effect of nourishing the five viscera,but also could reduce part of the excess syndrome.The clinical application method was in line with the compatibility of the seven emotions of drugs in formulae,and the therapeutic features contained in it were in line with the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.[Conclusion]WANG Mengying had a unique understanding and indirect opinion on the food with the flavor of sweet and flat in Suxiju Diet Spectrum,and had a variety of use methods,which had a good guiding effect on the use of the food with the flavor of sweet and flat in daily life and clinic.

The effect of non-compliance with diet and liquid restriction on fatigue in dialysis patients / O efeito da não aderência à dieta e restrição de líquidos sobre a fadiga em pacientes recebendo diálise / El efecto del incumplimiento de la dieta y la restricción de líquidos en la fatiga en pacientes en diálisis

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between non-compliance with dietary and fluid restriction, body mass index, and the severity of fatigue in dialysis patients. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 dialysis patients. The data were collected employing a "General Information Form", Body Mass Index, "Fatigue Severity Scale", and "Dialysis Diet and Fluid Non-Adherence Questionnaire.". Data were evaluated using percentages, averages, one-way ANOVA, T-tests, and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The average number of days when the patients did not comply with their diet was 3.69 ± 4.85, and the average number of days when they did not comply with fluid restriction was 2.71 ± 5.02. The age and marital status of the patients were found to affect the fatigue severity. It was found that the cases were associated with creatinine and calcium values and the number of days they did not comply with fluid restriction. Conclusion: It was determined that there was no significant relationship between non-compliance with diet and fluid restriction and the severity of fatigue. It was found that the severity of fatigue was lower in patients who complied with diet and fluid restriction, although not significantly lower than in those who did not comply.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo foi conduzido para determinar a relação entre a não aderência à restrição alimentar e hídrica, o índice de massa corporal e a severidade da fadiga em pacientes recebendo diálise. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com 42 pacientes recebendo diálise. Os dados foram coletados empregando o "Formulário de informações gerais", Índice de Massa Corporal, "Escala de Severidade da Fadiga" e "Dieta da Diálise e Escala de Incompatibilidade Hídrica". Os dados foram avaliados usando porcentagens, médias, ANOVA unidirecional, testes T e testes de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: O número médio de dias que os pacientes não cumpriram os requisitos da dieta foi de 3,69 ± 4,85 e o número médio de dias que não cumpriram os requisitos da restrição hídrica foi de 2,71 ± 5,02. Foi constatado que a idade e o estado civil dos pacientes afetavam a severidade da fadiga. Foi constatado que os casos estavam associados aos valores de creatinina e cálcio e ao número de dias que não cumpriam os requisitos da restrição hídrica. Conclusão: Foi determinado que não houve relação significativa entre o não cumprimento dos requisitos da dieta e da restrição hídrica e a severidade da fadiga. Foi constatado que a severidade da fadiga foi menor nos pacientes que cumpriram os requisitos da dieta e restrição hídrica, embora não significativamente menor em comparação àqueles que não cumpriram.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para determinar la relación entre el incumplimiento de la restricción dietética y de líquidos, el índice de masa corporal y la gravedad de la fatiga en pacientes en diálisis. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre 42 pacientes en diálisis. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante el "Formulario de información general", Índice de Masa Corporal, "Escala de gravedad de la fatiga" y "Escala de incompatibilidad de líquidos y dieta de diálisis". Los datos se evaluaron utilizando porcentajes, promedios, unidireccional ANOVA, Pruebas T y pruebas de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: El promedio de días que los pacientes no cumplieron con su dieta fue de 3,69 ± 4,85, y el promedio de días que no cumplieron con la restricción de líquidos fue de 2,71 ± 5,02. Se descubrió que la edad y el estado civil de los pacientes afectan la gravedad de la fatiga. Se encontró que los casos estuvieron asociados con los valores de creatinina y calcio y el número de días que no cumplieron con la restricción de líquidos. Conclusión: Se determinó que no existía una relación significativa entre el incumplimiento de la dieta y la restricción de líquidos y la gravedad de la fatiga. Se encontró que la gravedad de la fatiga era menor en los pacientes que cumplían con la dieta y la restricción de líquidos, aunque no significativamente menor que en aquellos que no la cumplían.

Percepciones sobre el manejo nutricional del estreñimiento idiopático en el adulto mayor / Perceptions on the Nutritional Management of Idiopathic Constipation in the Elderly

Introducción: Los adultos mayores son la población más propensa a presentar desórdenes gastrointestinales, específicamente y en mayor proporción el estreñimiento idiopático. La alimentación es un factor clave, pero poco estudiado a la hora de tratar el estreñimiento. Objetivo: Comprender las diferentes percepciones por parte de los profesionales de la salud, los cuidadores y el adulto mayor acerca del manejo del estreñimiento idiopático, desde un enfoque alimentario, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias y gustos en el adulto mayor institucionalizado de Medellín. Métodos: La técnica de generación de la información se realizó a través de grupos focales, efectuando seis grupos: uno conformado por los profesionales del área de la salud, tres por los adultos mayores y dos por los cuidadores. Resultados: Se identificó que una de las recomendaciones que más se repite es el incremento del aporte de fibra y líquidos. En general, los adultos mayores tienen poca adherencia a las estrategias nutricionales para el manejo del estreñimiento, ya que los alimentos que se les ofrecen no se adecuan a sus preferencias. Conclusiones: No existe una percepción unánime en el personal de salud y los cuidadores con respecto a la efectividad del tratamiento nutricional para el manejo del estreñimiento en el adulto mayor; sin embargo, se identificaron testimonios exitosos sobre el uso de algunas frutas, la inclusión de fibra en la dieta y el aumento en el consumo de líquidos(AU)

Introduction: Older adults are the population most likely to present with gastrointestinal disorders specifically and idiopathic constipation to a greater extent. Diet is a key factor, but it has been little studied when it comes to treating constipation. Objective: To understand the different perceptions by health professionals, caregivers and older adults about the management of idiopathic constipation, from a dietary approach, taking into account the preferences and tastes of institutionalized older adults in Medellín. Methods: The information generation technique was carried out through focus groups, establishing six groups: one made up of health professionals, three for older adults and two for caregivers. Results: It was identified that one of the most repeated recommendations is to increase the intake of fiber and fluids. In general, older adults have poor adherence to nutritional strategies for managing constipation, since food offered to them do not suit their preferences. Conclusions: There is no unanimous perception among health personnel and caregivers regarding the effectiveness of nutritional treatment for the management of constipation in older adults; however, successful testimonies were identified regarding the use of some fruits, the inclusion of fiber in the diet and the increase in fluid consumption(AU)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with phenylketonuria

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurrence and factors associated with the disease in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients undergoing exclusive dietary treatment. Method: This cross-sectional study included 101 adolescents 10 to < 20 years of age with PKU, who were undergoing exclusive dietary treatment and monitored since early diagnosis at a single reference service. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed and food intake was documented, and an ultrasound diagnosis of NAFLD was established. Data were evaluated using the Student's t-test for continuous variables, the chi-square for categorical variables, and logistic regression using the Wald chi-squared test; differences with p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: NAFLD was detected in 26 (25.7%) teenagers. There was no difference in prevalence between the sexes or nutritional status. The final logistic regression model revealed low sensitivity (26.1%) and high specificity (94.7%). The specificity suggested a lower likelihood of NAFLD in older adolescents, in the presence of normal or high levels of alkaline phosphatase, lower carbohydrate intake, and adequate protein and lipid intake. Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD in adolescents with PKU was higher than that found in healthy Brazilian adolescents and similar to that found in obese Brazilian children, suggesting a higher risk for NAFLD in patients with PKU treated exclusively by dietary modification.

Dietary intervention for the treatment of psoriasis / 中华皮肤科杂志

This review summarizes dietary characteristics of patients with psoriasis, discusses effects of gluten-free diet, Mediterranean diet and dietary intervention-induced weight loss on psoriasis, and analyzes the efficacy of dietary supplements in the treatment of psoriasis, such as fish oil, vitamin D, vitamin B12, selenium, and probiotics.

Research progress on the treatment of autism spectrum disorders based on gut microbiota intervention / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Autism spectrum disorder is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiology and pathogenesis and no cure. Studies have found that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder. By supplementing with probiotics, diet management or fecal microbial transplantation, the balance of gut microbiota can be adjusted to improve the behaviors and symptoms of patients with autism spectrum disorder. This article reviews from the perspective of regulating the balance of gut microbiota to treat autism spectrum disorder, and aims to provide assistance for the research and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Effect of Jianpi Shugan Tongru prescription combined with staged medicinal diet therapy in treating postpartum hypogalactia of qi and blood deficiency pattern / 中国药师

Objective To analyze the efficacy of Jianpi Shugan Tongru prescription combined with staged medicinal diet therapy in the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia of qi and blood deficiency pattern.Methods Patients with postpartum hypogalactia of qi and blood deficiency pattern who gave birth in Jinhua People's Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects,and were divided into control group(conventional treatment)and test group(treated with Jianpi Shugan Tongru prescription combined with staged medicinal diet therapy).The clinical efficacy,TCM syndrome scores,lactation-related indexes,prolactin(PRL)and estradiol(E2)levels were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 100 patients were included in the study,including 50 patients in the test group and 50 in the control group.After treatment,the total effective rate and the TCM syndrome scores in the test group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05),the time to initiation of lactation,breast filling score and milk production in the test group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05),the PRL level in the test group was higher than that in the control group,the E2 level was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Jianpi Shugan Tongru prescription combined with staged medicinal diet therapy has a good effect on the treatment of patients with postpartum hypogalactia of qi and blood dificiency pattern,and can improve the TCM syndrome scores and lactation-related indexes of patients,and can regulate the levels of PRL and E2.

Influence of blood phenylalanine level variations on the development of executive functions and social cognition in children with phenylketonuria

Abstract Objective: To investigate the performance of 27 children with phenylketonuria (PKU) in tests of Executive Functions (EF) and Social Cognition (SC), and their associations with metabolic control inferred by phenylalanine (Phe) levels. Methods: The PKU group was dichotomized according to baseline Phe-levels into; "classical PKU"(n = 14), with Phe-levels above 1200 µmol/L (> 20 mg/dL); and "mild PKU" (n = 13) with Phe-between 360 and 1200 µmol/L (6-20 mg/dL). The neuropsychological assessment focused on the EF and SC subtests of the NEPSY-II battery and intellectual performance. Children were compared to age-matched healthy participants. Results: Participants with PKU presented significantly lower Intellectual Quotient (IQ) compared to controls (p = 0.001). Regarding EF analysis adjusted by age and IQ, significant differences between groups were observed only in the executive attention subtests (p = 0.029). The SC set of variables was significantly different between groups (p = 0.003), as in the affective recognition task (p < 0.001). In the PKU group, the relative variation of Phe-achieved 32.1 ± 21.0%. Relative Phe-variation was correlated only with measures of Working Memory (p < 0.001), Verbal Fluency (p = 0.004), Inhibitory Control (p = 0.035) and Theory of Mind (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Phonological Verbal Fluency, Working Memory, Inhibitory Control, and Theory of Mind were shown to be most vulnerable when there is non-ideal metabolic control. Variations in the level of Phe-may have a selective negative effect on Executive Functions and Social Cognition, but not on intellectual performance.

Estado nutricional integral de niños y adolescentes con enfermedad celíaca / Comprehensive nutritional status of children and adolescents with celiac disease

Introducción: La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una enteropatía autoinmune desencadenada por la ingestión de gluten, en personas con predisposición genética. Su prevalencia está aumentando y el impacto nutricional de la enfermedad y de su tratamiento es objeto de numerosas publicaciones. Objetivo: analizar el estado nutricional integral de los pacientes con EC, atendidos en el Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano CANIA, entre 1996 y 2016. Materiales y Métodos: investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva y transeccional. Las variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, diagnóstico nutricional integral, (indicadores antropométricos, de maduración ósea, dietéticos y bioquímicos) y cumplimiento de dieta sin gluten. Resultados: Se evaluaron 55 pacientes con EC, entre 2 y 7 años (58,2 %) con predominio de sexo femenino. El diagnóstico nutricional más frecuente fue la desnutrición en un 56,4 %, un 16,4 % presentó talla baja. El retardo en la maduración ósea se presentó en 33,3 %, y mostró asociación significativa con la desnutrición. El déficit de hierro sérico e hipocalcemia se registraron en 24,4 % y 18,8 % de los pacientes. El cumplimiento de la dieta sin gluten fue reportado en el 78,2 % de los casos. La dieta tuvo una tendencia al déficit de energía, macro y micronutrientes, especialmente grasas y calcio, independiente de su cumplimiento. Conclusión: los resultados evidenciaron que los pacientes son vulnerables desde el punto de vista nutricional. La dieta mostró déficit de energía, macronutrientes y calcio. La mayoría presentó algún grado de desnutrición. La atención nutricional debe ser ofrecida a esta población, desde el mismo momento en que se realiza el diagnóstico independiente de la edad(AU)

ackground: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten, in people with a genetic predisposition. Its prevalence is increasing and the nutritional impact of the disease and its treatment is the subject of numerous publications. Objective: to analyze the comprehensive nutritional status of patients with CD, treated at the Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano CANIA, between 1996 and 2016. Methods: descriptive, retrospective and transectional research. The variables studied: age, sex, comprehensive nutritional diagnosis (anthropometric, bone maturation, dietary and biochemical indicators) and compliance with a gluten- free diet. Results: 55 patients with CD were evaluated, the majority between 2 and 7 years (58.2%) with a predominance of females. The most frequent nutritional diagnosis was malnutrition in 56.4%, 16.4% had short stature. The delay in bone maturation occurred in 33.3%, and showed a significant association with malnutrition. Serum iron deficiency and hypocalcemia were recorded in 24.4% and 18.8% of patients. Compliance with the gluten-free diet was reported in 78.2% of cases. The diet had a tendency towards a deficit of energy, macro and micronutrients, especially fats and calcium, regardless of compliance. Conclusion: the results showed that patients are vulnerable from a nutritional point of view. The diet showed a deficit of energy, macronutrients and calcium. The majority presented some degree of malnutrition. Nutritional care must be offered to this population, from the moment the diagnosis is made, regardless of age(AU)

Overweight/obesity in adolescents with phenylketonuria: protective and predisposing factors

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with overweight/obesity development in adolescents with early diagnosed phenylketonuria treated exclusively by diet. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study anthropometric measurements, serum phenylalanine levels, and 10 metabolites associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were analyzed in 101 adolescents aged 10-20 years. Adolescents were categorized into overweight/obesity and eutrophic/low body mass index groups. These patients were compared using Student's t-test, Pearson's chi-square test, Wald's chi-square test for multivariate analysis. Further, to verify whether the prevalence of overweight/obesity found in the study population was similar to that in the general population, the authors compared the nutritional status of 46 patients aged 13-17 years with that of healthy students of the same age from the National School Health Survey using the chi-square test for adherence. The significance threshold was p < 0.5. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents was 27.7%. There was no difference in prevalence between sexes. Older age was a protective factor and Increased Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance index and high phenylalanine and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were predictive factors for overweight/obesity. The equality hypothesis was not rejected in the comparison of nutritional states of 46 patients aged 13-17 years and healthy students of the same age. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in phenylketonuria adolescents was similar to what is found in healthy adolescents.

Progress on low protein diet for patients with chronic kidney disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Nutrition therapy is considered as the basis for prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), throughout the three-tier prevention strategies of CKD. The primary objective is to delay the disease progression, correct metabolic disorders, and improve the outcomes of CKD. Low protein diet has been recognized as an important therapeutic measure in CKD, but the quantity, quality and source of protein are always the points of contention. Recently, both domestic and foreign guidelines have been updated on the amount of protein intake. In addition to quantity, attention has been paid to the type and diversity of proteins. With the rise of plant-based food consumption and the concept of vegetarian diet, the scientific community began to review the benefits of plant protein again, and a plant-based diet is recommend extensively. Whether the plant-based dietary pattern is also suitable for CKD patients who need a low-protein diet, and whether it could meet the nutritional needs of CKD patients are hot topics, this article reviews the recent progress of these research hotspots.

The effect of sports health treatment on reducing the prevalence of hypertension / O efeito do tratamento de saúde esportiva na redução da prevalência de hipertensão / El efecto del tratamiento de salud deportiva en la reducción de la prevalencia de hipertensión

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypertension is a common clinical disease, which is not uncommon in the aviation industry. Pilots suffering from high blood pressure need to control high blood pressure to ensure flight safety. Exercise therapy is an effective way to control high blood pressure. Objective To design the clinical effects of exercise intervention in the treatment of hypertension in pilots. Method The article randomly assigned 41 pilot volunteers with hypertension to two groups: the treatment and control groups. Except for the different exercise intervention therapy, the other treatment methods are the same. After the expiration of the experiment, the volunteers were tested for their physiological and biochemical indicators. Results After one year of strict diet and exercise intervention, the two groups of physiological and biochemical indicators were significantly different. Conclusion Intervention of moderate-intensity exercise can reduce the body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure level of hypertensive patients, correct the disorder of blood lipid metabolism, and can help reduce the recurrence rate of hypertension. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução A hipertensão é uma doença clínica comum, o que não é incomum na indústria de aviação. Os pilotos que sofrem de pressão alta precisam controlar a pressão alta para garantir a segurança do vôo. A terapia com exercícios é uma forma eficaz de controlar a hipertensão. Objetivo Desenhar os efeitos clínicos da intervenção com exercícios no tratamento da hipertensão em pilotos. Método O artigo distribuiu aleatoriamente 41 voluntários pilotos com hipertensão em dois grupos: os grupos de tratamento e controle. Exceto pela terapia de intervenção com exercícios diferentes, os outros métodos de tratamento são os mesmos. Após o término do experimento, os voluntários foram testados quanto aos seus indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Resultados Após um ano de dieta estrita e intervenção com exercícios, os dois grupos de indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos foram significativamente diferentes. Conclusão A intervenção de exercícios de intensidade moderada pode reduzir o índice de massa corporal, a relação cintura-quadril e o nível de pressão arterial de pacientes hipertensos, corrigir o distúrbio do metabolismo dos lipídios do sangue e pode ajudar a reduzir a taxa de recorrência da hipertensão. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La hipertensión es una enfermedad clínica común, que no es infrecuente en la industria de la aviación. Los pilotos que sufren de presión arterial alta necesitan controlar la presión arterial alta para garantizar la seguridad del vuelo. La terapia con ejercicios es una forma eficaz de controlar la presión arterial alta. Objetivo Diseñar los efectos clínicos de la intervención con ejercicios en el tratamiento de la hipertensión en pilotos. Método El artículo asignó al azar a 41 voluntarios piloto con hipertensión a dos grupos: el de tratamiento y el de control. Excepto por las diferentes terapias de intervención con ejercicios, los otros métodos de tratamiento son los mismos. Después de la terminación del experimento, se evaluó a los voluntarios en cuanto a sus indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Resultados Después de un año de estricta intervención de dieta y ejercicio, los dos grupos de indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos fueron significativamente diferentes. Conclusión La intervención del ejercicio de intensidad moderada puede reducir el índice de masa corporal, la relación cintura-cadera y el nivel de presión arterial de los pacientes hipertensos, corregir el trastorno del metabolismo de los lípidos en sangre y puede ayudar a reducir la tasa de recurrencia de la hipertensión. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Nutrición en las enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino. Una revisión / Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. A review / Nutrição em doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Uma revisão

Resumen: Existe evidencia epidemiológica en humanos, a partir de estudios de cohortes de grandes poblaciones, de que la dieta ejerce una fuerte influencia en el desarrollo y curso de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Además, la mayoría de los tratamientos médicos basados en la evidencia para las EII están dirigidos a suprimir la respuesta inmunitaria y conllevan riesgos de efectos secundarios importantes. La evidencia actual ha demostrado varios factores dietéticos que probablemente protejan contra los brotes, como la fibra, el zinc y la vitamina D en ambas formas de EII y una alta proporción de Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) n -3 / n -6 en la dieta en la CU. Otros factores aumentan el riesgo de brotes, son los alimentos que contienen ácido mirístico, las carnes rojas y el azúcar. Esta revisión explorará las interacciones de la dieta y el sistema inmunológico en el contexto de la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la colitis ulcerosa (CU), centrándose en el papel de la dieta en la patogénesis, en particular la interacción con el sistema inmunológico del paciente. Al mismo tiempo se analizará el rol de la nutrición médica como intervención terapéutica.

Abstract: There is vast epidemiological evidence based on cohort studies of large populations of humans, that diet exerts a strong influence on the development and outcome of inflammatory bowel disease. Besides, most evidence-based medical therapies for this condition aim to suppress the immune response and entail significant side effects. Current evidence has proved that several diet factors probably protect against outbreaks, as in the case of fibre, zinc and vitamin D in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease and a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n -3 / n -6 in the ICU diet. Other foods also impact the outbreak risk, such as those containing myristic acid, red meats and sugar. This review will explore diet interactions and the immune system within the context of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, focusing on the role of diet in the pathogenesis, in particular in terms of its interaction with the patient's immune system. Simultaneously, the role of medical nutrition will be analysed as a therapeutic intervention.

Resumo: Há evidências epidemiológicas em seres humanos de estudos de coorte de grandes populações que a dieta tem uma forte influência no desenvolvimento e no curso da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII). Além disso, a maioria dos tratamentos médicos baseados em evidências para DII têm como objetivo suprimir a resposta imunológica e acarretam riscos de efeitos colaterais significativos. A evidência atual mostrou vários fatores dietéticos que provavelmente protegem contra surtos, como fibra, zinco e vitamina D em ambas as formas de DII e uma alta proporção de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) n -3 / n -6 na dieta na colite ulcerativa (UC). Outros fatores que aumentam o risco de surtos são os alimentos que contêm ácido mirístico, a carne vermelha e o açúcar. Esta revisão explora as interações da dieta e do sistema imunológico no contexto da Doença de Crohn (DC) e da Colite Ulcerativa (UC), com foco no papel da dieta na patogênese, em particular na interação com o sistema imunológico do paciente. Ao mesmo tempo, faz-se uma análise do papel da nutrição médica como intervenção terapêutica.

Hospital admission flow and nutritional support in a cohort of pediatric patients with COVID-19 / Fluxo de admissão hospitalar e suporte nutricional em uma coorte de pacientes pediátricos com COVID-19

Abstract In view of the current panorama of hospital nutritional care, it is necessary to review nutritional care practices in hospital units, in order to ensure nutritional monitoring and quality of care. Therefore, it is necessary to build flows of nutritional assistance practices at the pediatric hospital level, based on the recommendations of the Federal Council of Nutritionists and the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, aiming at not generating a deficit in the nutritional monitoring of the patient and in reducing the risk of contamination of the professional. When individual protection equipment is available, nutritional admission will be made in person and during hospitalization, monitoring can be performed using secondary data from electronic medical records and / or telecommunication with the multidisciplinary team. The implementation of nutritional routines in hospitals in times of Covid-19 pandemic generates more assertive conducts for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition and other nutritional implications, also guaranteeing the safety of professionals in assistance in pediatric units..

Resumo Diante do panorama atual da assistência nutricional hospitalar, torna-se necessário a revisão das práticas de assistência nutricional em unidades hospitalares, visando garantir monitoramento nutricional e qualidade assistencial. Portanto, faz-se necessário a construção de fluxos de práticas da assistência nutricional em nível hospitalar pediátrico, baseados nas recomendações do Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas e da Sociedade Brasileira de Nutrição Parenteral e Enteral, visando não gerar déficit no monitoramento nutricional ao paciente e em reduzir o risco de contaminação do profissional. Quando há a disponibilidade de equipamento de proteção individual a admissão nutricional será feita presencialmente e durante o internamento poderá ser realizado monitoramento por meio de dados secundários provenientes do prontuário eletrônico e/ou telecomunicação com a equipe multidisciplinar. A implantação de rotinas nutricionais em âmbito hospitalar em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 gera condutas mais assertivas para a prevenção e tratamento da desnutrição e de outras implicações nutricionais, garantindo também a segurança do profissional na assistência em unidades pediátricas.

Nueva ecuación para la estimación de la natriuresis diaria a partir de parámetros en plasma y orina aislada en población chilena / A new equation to estimate daily natriuresis from parameters in plasma and spot urine sample in the Chilean population

Background: Excessive sodium intake is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Daily sodium intake is usually inferred from sodium excretion in a 24-hour urine collection, which is cumbersome and prone to errors. Different formulas have attempted to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium from a spot urine sample. Unfortunately, their concordances are insufficient and have not been tested in our population. Aim: To develop an equation to predict 24-hour urine sodium from parameters in plasma and spot urine samples. To validate the equation and compare it with other formulas in Chilean population. Material and Methods: Analysis of 24-hour urine collections, plasma sample and spot urine sample from 174 adult outpatients (81% females) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2. These were collected between 2015 and 2019 using standardized methods and educating patients about the correct method to collect 24 h urine samples. In all these patients, creatinine and electrolytes were measured in plasma and urine. A new equation was developed using a multiple linear regression model. Results: Twenty-four-hour urine sodium excretion was significantly correlated with age, weight, height, eGFR, plasma osmolarity, urine electrolytes and parameters obtained from spot urine sample, among others. The new equation had a linear correlation with 24-hour natriuresis of 0.91 and the concordance was 0.9. The predictive capacity of the new equation was better than the existing formulas. Conclusions: We developed a formula to accurately predict daily natriuresis in the Chilean population.

O uso terapêutico dos alimentos em meados do século XIX / The therapeutic use of food in the mid-19th century

Introdução: No decorrer do século XIX surgiram as primeiras informações a respeito das substâncias químicas contidas nos alimentos. A partir dessas descobertas, a higiene alimentar como meio terapêutico estabeleceu critérios para a prescrição de azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono), bem como recomendações alimentares nos diferentes ciclos de vida e estados de convalescença. Objetivos: Este trabalhou buscou analisar como e para que fins eram prescritos alguns alimentos cuja composição química era caracterizada pela presença do azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono). Método: Foram utilizados como fonte de pesquisa os cadernos de visitas (prontuários) de embarcações encontrados no Arquivo Histórico da Marinha Portuguesa, os tratados médicos do período e publicações referentes à história da ciência e nutrição. Resultados e discussão: Nos cadernos de visitas consultados (anos 1859 e1863), as refeições à base de alimentos de origem animal (ricos em azote), como os caldos de carne e de galinha, foram as mais prescritas aos doentes, pois se pautavam nos princípios da dieta fibrinosa, que promovia a reparação tecidual e crescimento da matéria orgânica. Considerações finais: Ao longo dos dois últimos séculos, muitas teorias a respeito da função dos alimentos se modificaram, mas parte significativa de seus pressupostos foram constituídos no decorrer do século XIX.

Introduction: During the 19th century, emerged the first information about the chemical substances contained in food. From these discoveries, food hygiene as a therapeutic mean established criteria for the prescription of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon), as well as dietary recommendations in the different life cycles and convalescent states. Objectives: This work sought to analyze how and for what purposes some foods whose chemical composition was characterized by the presence of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon)were prescribed . Methodology: The visiting notebooks (medical records) of vessels found in the Historical Archive of the Portuguese Navy, medical treaties of the period and publications referring to the history of science and nutrition were used as a research source. Results and discussion: In the consulted notebooks (years 1859 and 1863), meals based on animal foods (rich in nitrogen), such as meat and chicken broths, were the most prescribed to patients, as they were based on principles of the fibrinous diet, which promoted tissue repair and growth of organic matter. Final considerations: Over the past two centuries, many theories about the function of food have changed, but a significant part of their assumptions were made during the 19th century.

Efeitos da restrição de carboidratos no manejo do diabetes mellitus: revisão de literatura científica / Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets in the management of diabetes mellitus: review of scientific literature

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, evidências da utilização de dietas com restrição de carboidratos no manejo do diabetes mellitus (DM). As buscas eletrônicas e manuais foram até abril de 2019, e incluíram trabalhos publicados a partir de 2008. Foram excluídos estudos de pesquisas in vitro e em animais, revisões de literatura, livros, monografias, dissertações, teses, estudos de caso e relatos de caso. Os artigos remanescentes foram submetidos à análise de sua qualidade metodológica pela Escala JADAD cinco pontos. Um total de 19 estudos randomizados e com qualidade média de três pontos foram selecionados e analisados quanto aos tipos de dieta utilizadas, adesão, tipo de DM, tempo de intervenção, consumo reportado de carboidratos e resultados observados para os grupos controle e intervenção. Dentre os parâmetros escolhidos para mensurar os possíveis efeitos das dietas, destacaram-se alteração de peso e IMC, Hb1Ac, variabilidade ou controle glicêmico, perfil lipídico e alteração nas doses de insulina ou medicação utilizadas. Em quatro estudos não foram observadas vantagens significativas de uma dieta restrita em carboidratos, e 15 trabalhos relataram melhoras em um ou mais parâmetros. Tais resultados podem representar uma grande vantagem na adoção desta estratégia alimentar no manejo do DM e na prevenção de complicações da doença. Contudo, existem limitações nos estudos, que precisam ter suas hipóteses verificadas no longo prazo, e pesquisas adicionais devem ser realizadas para configurar uma estratégia oficial no controle do DM. (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate, through a literature review, evidence of the use of diets with carbohydrate restriction in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Electronic and manual searches were conducted until April 2019, including works published from 2008 onwards. Studies on in vitro and animal research, literature reviews, books, monographs, dissertations, theses, case studies and case reports were excluded. The remaining articles were submitted to analysis of their methodological quality by the five-point JADAD Scale. Nineteen randomized studies with an average quality of three points were selected and analyzed regarding the types of diet used, adherence, type of DM, time of intervention, reported consumption of carbohydrates and results observed for the control and intervention group. Among the parameters chosen to measure the possible effects of diets, weight and BMI changes, Hb1Ac, variability or glycemic control, lipid profile and changes in insulin doses or medication used stood out. In four studies, no significant advantages were observed from a carbohydraterestricted diet, and 15 studies reported improvements in one or more parameters. Such results can represent a great advantage in adopting this dietary strategy in the management of DM and in preventing complications of the disease. However, there are limitations in the studies, which need to have their hypotheses verified in the long term, and additional research must be carried out to configure an official strategy in the control of DM. (AU)

Self-Reported Diet Management and Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Korean Adults with Hypertension

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although dietary management is strongly recommended in patients with hypertension, little is known about how many manage their diet and follow the guidelines for hypertension. We investigated the prevalence of dietary management among adults with known hypertension and evaluated their compliance to the dietary guidelines.METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 were used. Among 15,870 adults aged 30–79 years, 4,162 reported a physician-diagnosed hypertension. Diet management behavior was defined by self-report response. Actual dietary intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI).RESULTS: Among adults with hypertension, 28.0% reported that they were managing their diet. Those with hypertension consumed significantly less dietary sodium (p value<0.01), but also less potassium (p value<0.01), resulting in no difference of sodium-to-potassium ratio compared to those without hypertension (p value=0.66). Among those with hypertension, diet-managing adults had better KHEI score (66.9, p value<0.01) and consumed less sodium (3,354.3 mg, p value<0.01) than not-managing adults (63.6 score and 3,554.5 mg, respectively). However, total KHEI score was rather lower in those with hypertension (p value<0.01) than those without hypertension and their sodium intake was still over the recommended amount.CONCLUSIONS: More than two-thirds of Korean adults with hypertension did not manage their diet in daily life. More effective strategies are needed to increase the level of compliance with dietary recommendations for people with high blood pressure.

The glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome / 中华神经科杂志

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1) gene, characterized by complex manifestations including early onset epilepsy, motor and mental retardation, and movement disorders and so on. Ketogenic-diet is most suitable therapy and should be commenced as early as possible because timing the initiation of the diet may prevent seizure, movement disorder, and cognitive impairment. This review aims to improve the clinicians′ understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome to ensure the diagnosis as early as possible.

Efficacy of Dairy Free Diet and 6-Food Elimination Diet as Initial Therapy for Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

12 weeks) were 81.8%, 50.0%, and 55.1% for DFD, and 68.8%, 50.0%, and 40.0% for SFED. Response based on age ( 12 years) were 59.3%, 42.9%, and 67.5% for DFD, and 36.4%, 58.8%, and 72.7% for SFED. In patients treated with DFD, concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration resulted in improved outcomes (p=0.0177). Bivariate regression analysis showed that PPI with diet is the only predictor of response (p=0.0491), however, there were no significant predictors on multiple regression analysis.CONCLUSION: DFD and SFED are effective first line therapies for EoE. DFD should be tried first before extensive elimination diets. Concomitant therapy with PPI's may be helpful.