Professional identity construction: becoming and being a dietician in Brazil, France and Spain / Construção da identidade profissional: tornar-se e ser nutricionista no Brasil, na França e na Espanha / La construcción de la identidad profesional: volverse y ser dietista en Brasil, Francia y España

Professional socialization is a complex process that leads to the professional identity. While several studies have focused on the professional identity of physicians and nurses, few studies analyzed this aspect among dieticians. Furthermore, those studies did not consider the influence of sociocultural norms. The aim of this study was to analyze the construction of the professional identity of Brazilian, French and Spanish dieticians. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews was set up. The construction of the professional identity of Brazilian, French and Spanish dieticians is characterized by the incorporation of skills, knowledge and roles. This process was marked by transformations, mainly related to food and body. Dieticians from the three nationalities shared similar professional values grounded in a medical-nutritional rationale. However, their professional identity also resulted from a continuous process of interaction with patients, peers and the socio-cultural environment. (AU)

A socialização profissional é um processo complexo que leva à identidade profissional. Embora vários estudos tenham enfocado a identidade profissional de médicos/as e enfermeiros/as, poucos estudos analisaram esse aspecto entre nutricionistas. Além disso, esses estudos não consideraram a influência das normas socioculturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a construção da identidade profissional de nutricionistas brasileiras, francesas e espanholas. Foi usada uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas. A construção da identidade profissional das nutricionistas brasileiras, francesas e espanholas foi caracterizada pela incorporação de competências, conhecimentos e papéis. Esse processo foi marcado por transformações, principalmente relacionado à alimentação e ao corpo. As nutricionistas das três nacionalidades compartilhavam valores profissionais semelhantes, baseados em uma lógica médico-nutricional. No entanto, sua identidade profissional também resultou de um processo contínuo de interação com pacientes, pares e o contexto sociocultural. (AU)

La socialización profesional es un proceso complejo que conduce a la identidad profesional. Aunque varios estudios se centraron en la identidad profesional de médicos/as y enfermeros/as, pocos analizaron este aspecto entre dietistas. Además, estos estudios no consideraron la influencia de las normas socioculturales. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la construcción de la identidad profesional de dietistas brasileñas, francesas y españolas. Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semi-estructuradas. La construcción de la identidad profesional de las dietistas brasileñas, francesas y españolas se caracterizó por la incorporación de habilidades, conocimientos y roles. Este proceso estuvo marcado por transformaciones relacionadas con la alimentación y el cuerpo. Las dietistas de las tres nacionalidades compartían valores profesionales similares basados en una lógica médico-nutricional. Sin embargo, su identidad profesional también resultó de un proceso continuo de interacción con los/as pacientes, pares y el entorno sociocultural. (AU)

Effects of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction in School Dieticians and Nutrition Teacher: Focus on the Moderating Effect of Interpersonal Relationship Type

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of job stress on job satisfaction according to interpersonal relationship type among school dieticians and nutrition teachers. The online survey was conducted from Oct. 26th to Nov. 7th, 2017 in 2,000 randomly selected dieticians and nutrition teachers in the capital area. A total of 453 collected questionnaires were used for analysis. SPSS v.21.0 Statistical Package Program was used for the statistical process. For the results regarding interpersonal relationship type of dieticians, open-type (73.3%) was the highest, followed by self-assertive-type (23.0%), isolated-type (2.6%), and careful-type (1.1%). Regarding overall job satisfaction, ‘human relation’ was the highest, followed by ‘job itself’, ‘working environment’, and ‘personal rating & welfare system’, in that order. According to interpersonal relationship type, in the case of ‘open-type’ or ‘careful-type’, job satisfaction was relatively high. Regarding overall job stress, ‘job demand’ was the highest, followed by ‘lack of reward’, ‘organizational system’, ‘interpersonal conflict’, ‘occupational climate’, ‘job insecurity’, and ‘insufficient job control’, in that order. In accordance with interpersonal relationship type, overall job stress index was high in terms of ‘self-assertive-type’ or ‘careful-type’. For the results of analyzing the correlation between job satisfaction and job stress index, all areas showed statistically significant negative correlations. Multiple regression analysis was performed to study the effects of job stress on job satisfaction mediating interpersonal relationship type. Job stress had different effects on job satisfaction in terms of ‘open-type’ and ‘self-assertive type’. In conclusion, different strategies are needed for dieticians with different interpersonal relationship types to improve job satisfaction and to reduce job stress.

Current status of dietary education in elementary, middle and high school in Gyeonggi province: Comparison according to school level and placement of nutrition teacher / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of dietary education carried out by dieticians or nutrition teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools in Gyeonggi province. We compared dietary education status not only among school level but also between dieticians and nutrition teachers. METHODS: The survey using self-administered questionnaires was conducted by dieticians or nutrition teachers at 91 schools (43 elementary schools, 33 middle schools, and 15 high schools) in Gyeonggi province in December, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding general characteristics of respondents, current status of dietary education, opinion about dietary education methods, and cooperation level of persons concerned. RESULTS: The placement rate of nutrition teachers was 50.5% overall. Only 36 out of 91 schools conducted regular dietary education, and the percentage of schools conducting regular dietary education was significantly different according to school level with the lowest percentage in high schools, equivalent to 20% (p = 0.003). The average annual dietary education time was 12.4 hours, and it was very low in high schools (5.1 hours) and in schools without a nutrition teacher (1.6 hours). The levels of cooperation and support from principals, teachers, parents, and students were significantly lower in high schools than elementary and middle schools (all p < 0.001) and in schools without a nutrition teacher than schools with a nutrition teacher (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that the level of dietary education is not enough and needs to be improved, especially at middle and high schools and at schools without a nutrition teacher. Government support polices need to be implemented to encourage dietary educational activities.

Evaluation on HACCP prerequisite-program performance within general hospital foodservice operations / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. METHODS: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for chi2-test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage.transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.

Analysis of the related factors on scores of the clinical dietitians' post-training exam in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective Based on the analysis of relevant factors on scores of the first clinical dietitian post-training examination (CDPTE) in China,to explore the clinical dietitians' post competency evaluation basis.Method 108 students who completed the clinical nutritionist training (60 physicians,nurse or technician 48) were imposed comprehensive evaluation designed according to the concept of post competency.Through analysis and comparison,the correlation factors of the candidates' passing rate and their mastering rate of the module were studied.Results The results of all the candidates' comprehensive theoretical examination increased with the degree and the source of the candidates.Among them,the college students' pass rate was 76.47％,undergraduates' pass rate was 86.21％,Graduates' pass rate was 96.97％;the pass rate in western region was 85％,the central part was 85.71％,the eastern part was 89.55％.All the candidates' knowledge module mastery rate in the comprehensive examination of the theory from high to low in order was:for hospital diet (73.7％),enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition (72.7％),public nutrition (70.7％),nutrition screening and assessment (66.7％),common nutrition related diseases (65.4％),clinical nutrition related health students regulations,medical psychology and ethics basic knowledge (40.0％).The examination pass rate was related to the educational level of the examinee and the source area,while the knowledge module mastery rate was closely related to the work of clinical nutrition.Conclusion We concluded that the CDPTE could objectively reflect the candidate's clinical competence and professionalism and it was designed on the basic principle of post competency.CDPTE has a positive significance for scientific assessment of clinical dietician,guide for training,and evaluation of training effects as well.The scores of CDPTE can objectively reflect the examinees' clinical competence and professionalism and CDPTE can achieve the goal of evaluating the candidates' competency,and it is of practical significance for scientific evaluation of clinical practice,guiding learning and evaluating the training effect.

Developing Food Safety Education Program for Employees at School Foodservice Implementing HACCP / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to develop a food safety education program for school foodservice employees and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Food safety education programs were made into two levels; one for new employees in school foodservice and another for employees in charge of Critical Control Point (CCP) monitoring. The programs were for 40-minute-long lecture using PowerPoint. The effectiveness of these programs were assessed based on eleven evaluation items by school foodservice dieticians (n=30) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) specialist (n=13). All statistical analyses are conducted by SPSS package program (ver 20.0). RESULTS: According to the results of evaluating the food safety education program by dietitian and HACCP specialist, the overall satisfaction score was 4.14, evaluated by 5 point scale. There were no significant difference in results of evaluation between dieticians and HACCP specialists. The score of 'it is helpful to work' and 'pictures, images and charts are pertinent to study' were higher than others while the score of 'education contents is pleasant and interesting' and 'screen is pleasant and interesting' were the lowest among all evaluation items. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the school foodservice quality, employees should be offered regular food safety education and training through effective education media including prerequisite program and HACCP manual for school foodservice.

Desenvolvimento comunitário na formação do nutricionista: relato de experiência em um Curso de Nutrição / Community development in the dietician training: Reports of experiences from a nutrition course

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a disciplina Desenvolvimento da Comunidade no currículo do curso de Nutrição de uma universidade pública, visando contribuir com o debate sobre a formação social do nutricionista. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa documental, com base no material da disciplina e nos trabalhos produzidos pelos alunos ao longo de 30 anos de docência, além de reflexão sobre as experiências vividas. Resultados: Apesar da recorrente afirmação da relevância do tratamento social em saúde e nutrição, ainda é insatisfatória a introdução dos componentes que poderiam construir esse processo. Desde sempre, o trabalho prático manifestou-se sedutor e revelador da realidade social e econômica para os estudantes, enquanto a compreensão teórica dos processos e relações sociais resulta problemática e recebe a justificativa de que, para os alunos da área de saúde, a linguagem das Ciências Sociais seria estranha e difícil. Conclusão: A experiência docente na disciplina Desenvolvimento da Comunidade confirma a importância da abordagem teórica e prática da saúde, alimentação e nutrição pelas Ciências Sociais, significando um esforço pedagógico e pessoal a mais do professor e de alunos. Mesmo que a disciplina deixe de existir na formação do nutricionista com o título original, que faz parte do repertório semântico de um tempo passado, os conteúdos e as experiências permanecem sendo relevantes e podem ser incorporadas em outras disciplinas. .

Objective: The article discusses the development of the discipline called Community Development within the curriculum of a nutrition program at a public university to contribute to the debate on dieticians' social education. Methods: This is a document research, based on the discipline material, as well as the works produced by students throughout the 30 years of administration of the discipline and also reflections on lived experiences. Results: Despite the applicants' reaffirmation on the importance of social-oriented health and nutrition practices, there is still an unsatisfactory introduction of academic components that would help to build this process. While empirical works always appeared as a seductive way for students to understand the social and economic reality of the city, theoretical understanding of processes and social relationships showed to be problematic, which is being explained by the fact that social sciences language is strange and difficult in the eyes of health students. Conclusions: Experience in Community Development confirms the importance of theoretical and practical approach of Health, Food and Nutrition by the Social Sciences, signifying a pedagogical and personal effort of teachers and students. We conclude that even if the Community Development discipline ceases to exist in the training of dieticians with the original title, which is part of the semantic repertoire of a past time, content and experiences remain relevant and can be incorporated into other disciplines. .

Organic food-related educational actions developed by dieticians in Brazilian municipal schools / Ações educativas sobre alimentação orgânica desenvolvidas por nutricionistas em escolas municipais brasileiras

OBJECTIVE: This study describes educational actions concerning organic foods conducted in Brazilian public schools and investigates how these actions are associated with the weekly workload and duration of employment of the dietician responsible for school meals. METHODS: In 2012 this cross-sectional, census-type study used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from dieticians or others responsible for school meals in all 5,565 Brazilian municipalities. The software Stata 11.0 was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Although all Brazilian municipalities were contacted, 93.1% (n=5,184) replied. Of these, 94.2% had dieticians in charge of the school meals. Organic food-related educational actions were provided in the schools of 37.9% of the municipalities. The main actions were school gardening (67.1%) and development of educational material (50.7%). Having a dietician responsible for school meals was not associated with the existence of educational actions at school (p=0.372). However, municipalities with dieticians in charge of school meals for at least twelve months were 22.0% and 20.0%, respectively, more likely to provide educational actions at school and include the subject 'organic foods' in the municipal school curriculum (p<0.05 for both). Dieticians' weekly work hours was directly related to the performance of school gardening-related activities (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: The percentage of Brazilian municipalities that provide organic food-related educational actions at school is low. Additionally, the availability of such actions relates to the dietician's duration of employment and weekly work hours. .

OBJETIVO: O estudo descreve ações educativas de alimentação orgânica, realizadas nas escolas municipais brasileiras, e investiga sua associação com o tempo de serviço do nutricionista responsável técnico e com a carga horária semanal por ele exercida. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal do tipo censo que, em 2012, entrevistou, mediante questionário eletrônico, o nutricionista responsável técnico ou outro responsável pela alimentação escolar em todos os 5 . 565 municípios brasileiros. O software Stata 11.0 foi usado nas análises. RESULTADOS: Foram contatados todos os municípios brasileiros, dos quais 93,1% responderam (n=5 . 184). Muito embora 94,2% dos respondentes tenham afirmado possuir nutricionista responsável técnico, em apenas 37,9% dos municípios foram realizadas ações educativas de alimentação orgânica nas escolas, com predomínio de horta escolar (67,1%) e confecção de materiais educativos (50,7%). Não se observou associação entre a presença de nutricionista responsável técnico e a realização de ações educativas (p=0,372). Porém, a realização de ações educativas e a inserção do tema alimentação orgânica no Projeto Pedagógico do município foram, res-pectivamente, 22,0% e 20,0% maiores nos municípios em que o nutricionista responsável técnico trabalhava há pelo menos 12 meses, em relação àqueles em que esse profissional estava no cargo há menos tempo (p<0,05 em ambos). Observou-se também uma relação direta entre a carga horária semanal de trabalho do nutricionista responsável técnico e a realização de atividades de horta escolar (p=0,016). CONCLUSÃO: ...

Dieticians' Perception of Current Status of No-plate-waste Day in School Lunch

Reducing plate-waste for school lunches is an important strategy to guarantee adequate nutrition intakes by students as well as to protect the environment. This study was conducted to determine dieticians' perception of no-plate-waste day. The subjects were dieticians at 203 schools in Seoul and Kyeonggi-do. Among them, 132 schools (78.6%) operated no-plate-waste day once a week, 6.9% once a month, 10.8% twice a week, whereas 17.2% did not operate at all. According to dieticians, plate-waste per student on no-plate-waste day (mean 49.1 g) was lower than that on an ordinary day (mean 79.2 g). The most popular method to advertise no-plate-waste day was to notify it on the menu board (52.4%), followed by notifying it on the dining hall and the school website. The most frequently used reward on no-plate-waste day was a gift snack (67.3%), followed by complimentary stickers, awards, and GPA. The most common side effect of no-plate-waste day was students' abandoning foods (45.2%), followed by rejecting food and simplified menu. The most frequent barrier was insufficient recognition of necessity (39.3%), followed by shortage of manpower or budget and students and teachers' resistance. The dieticians at 35 schools without no-plate-waste day answered that they did not operate it due to 'no need perceived' and 'no budget' (31.4% and 31.4%, respectively). Based on this study, government and society should promote the need to reduce plate-waste by students and teachers as well as school administrators.

Knowledge of educators and dieticians on food and nutrition education in the school environment / Conhecimentos de educadores e nutricionistas sobre a educação alimentar e nutricional no ambiente escolar

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to reveal the expertise of educators and dieticians on food and nutrition education in the school environment. METHODS: This study used a qualitative approach developed jointly by the Department of Education of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and a school in that state. The participants were seven teaching technicians, eight teachers, and thirteen dieticians. The information was collected by interview and submitted to thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Six themes emerged from the participants' statements: food and nutrition education as a guideline for eating correctly; the purpose of food and nutrition education as an instrument for promoting healthy eating habits; the school as a promoter and empowering environment for food and nutrition education; food and nutrition education as a pedagogical practice focused on the reality of students' eating habits; school agents' assignments and partnerships for food and nutrition education; lack of knowledge in the practice of food and nutrition education. CONCLUSION: The participants' knowledge on food and nutrition education is dichotomous, at times permeated by biological aspects, at other times by the social context. Although there are gaps in the knowledge of the subject, educators and dieticians consider themselves partners for the provision of food and nutrition education in school.

OBJETIVO: Desvelar os conhecimentos de educadores e nutricionistas sobre a educação alimentar e nutricional no ambiente escolar. MÉTODOS: Este estudo, conduzido pela abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvido na Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Pernambuco e em uma escola deste estado. Os participantes foram sete técnicos de ensino, oito professores e treze nutricionistas. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevista e submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: Das falas dos participantes, emergiram seis categorias temáticas: a educação alimentar e nutricional como regra de comer certo; a finalidade da educação alimentar e nutricional: promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis; a escola: um ambiente fomentador e potencializador da educação alimentar e nutricional; a educação alimentar e nutricional como prática pedagógica centrada na realidade alimentar do aluno; atribuições e parcerias dos atores escolares para a educação alimentar e nutricional; carência de conhecimento para a prática da educação alimentar e nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: Os conhecimentos dos participantes sobre educação alimentar e nutricional são dicotômicos, ora apenas permeados pelos aspectos biológicos, ora considerando o contexto social. Ainda que existam lacunas no conhecimento da temática, os educadores e nutricionistas consideram-se parceiros na prática da educação alimentar e nutricional na escola.

Valores y bienestar de los dietistas brasileños / Values and well-being of brazilian dieticians

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de identificar las relaciones existentes entre las variables valores generales y del trabajo, el bienestar personal en el trabajo, así como comprobar las diferencias que existen en dichas variables con respecto a las variables demográficas (región geográfica, estado civil, sexo, edad, escolaridad, tiempo de trabajo y área de actuación). La muestra fue de 587 contestadores, todos dietistas. Los valores generales autotrascendencia y realización en el trabajo se notaron como los que más orientaban las prácticas profesionales de los dietistas que se consideraron, a menudo, en bienestar personal. Los análisis de variancia mostraron que los solteros que actuaban en el área de clínica, valoraban más la autopromoción; los solteros y más jóvenes valoraban más la apertura al cambio; los que estaban hace más de 10 años en el actual trabajo y actuaban en el área de clínica y salud colectiva se percibieron/vieron más en bienestar, que aquellos con hasta dos años en el trabajo actual y que actuaban en el área de alimentación colectiva-producción.

The study aimed to identify the hierarchy of the general values and work of brazilian dieticians, identify the level of personal wellbeing at their work, identify the relations and the differences between the cited variables and demographic variables: a) personal; b) functional. The final sample included 587 dieticians. Self-transcendence and fulfillment at work were the most important values considered. Dieticians said they often had a feeling of well-being. The results of variance analysis showed that self-transcendence was more valued by single dieticians who acted in the clinical area and self-promotion, and by single dieticians with less working hours. Open to change was more valued by the youngest and single dieticians. Social Relationship was more valued by single dieticians while the youngest dieticians with post graduation and less working hours put more value on prestige. Dieticians with over 10 years working experience and practice in areas like clinic and public health had a better feeling of well-being than dieticians with over 2 years working experience and practice in the production area.

Study on Job Satisfaction and Foodservice Management of Dieticians and Nutrition Teachers in Special Schools for the Disabled: Focused on Gyeonggi Area

This study examined students' menu preferences as well as the job satisfaction and specific considerations concerning foodservice operation of dieticians and nutrition teachers at special schools for the disabled. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were sent to all of the 21 special schools with direct school food service in Gyeonggi-do, and 16 dieticians and nutrition teachers agreed to participate in this study. Among the various menu groups, the subjects perceived the meat group as the most preferred and the vegetable group the least preferred. They were generally satisfactory with their job and duty, and had a strong sense of belonging to the school. However, most of them answered that they needed more time for nutritional education and counseling. While most had pride and pleasure in their job, they expressed a desire to change the system to better fit with their roles as professional nutritionists. The content analysis revealed that the subjects mainly focused on safety issues in planning the food menu and were thus limited in selecting menu items. They also felt difficulty in menu planning due to various tastes and preferences, since special schools tend to consist of a wider grade range. However, most subjects reported little trouble in food distribution and food leftovers owing to practical support from teachers and parents. The necessity for education concerning table manners and obesity prevention was generally a shared opinion, and education programs for parents were also perceived as necessary to better understand the special considerations for developing proper eating habits in their child. The study findings provide useful basic data to improve the foodservice system at special schools.

Have we done enough with diabetic education? A pilot study

Background: Patients’ education and empowerment are essential parts of a disease management. Patients have to be educated on the disease as well as lifestyle changes that they need to practise for a holistic and consistent improvement in their disease status. This study examined patients’ knowledge on diabetes and nutrition as well as the role of dietician in the patient education. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients aged more than 18 years, in a primary care centre in Kuala Lumpur. Patients responded to a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire which contains socio-demographic profiles of patients, knowledge on diabetes and nutrition. Patients were also asked on dietician consultation and the number of dietician visits. Patients were conveniently selected on the data collection days. Only consented patients and those who could understand Malay or English language were selected. Results: There were 110 patients who participated in the study. Overall the patients had good knowledge on diabetes and nutrition. The mean total knowledge score was 71.2% ± 9.34. Domains such as diabetes complications, exercise, meal practice, food sources and proportion need reinforcement. Only 60 (54.9%) patients had seen a dietician. Patients who had seen dietician showed significantly higher level of knowledge score (p=0.04). However frequent meeting with the dietician did not show any significant improvement in the knowledge (p=0.10). Factors such as patients’ gender, ethnicity, level of education, employment status, glycaemic level, duration of illness and body mass index did not show any significant association with the overall diabetic and nutrition knowledge. Conclusion: There is still a need to improve the overall diabetic education particularly in areas that patients were lacking such as diabetes complications, exercise, meal practice, food sources and proportion. It is equally necessary to encourage all diabetics to see a dietician since it helps to improve their level of knowledge as shown in this study.

Utilization Status and Efforts to Increase Usage of Traditional Foods in School Lunch according to Dietitians' Preference / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The study was conducted to assess school dietitians' preferences for traditional foods, to determine the association with their perception and usage status, and to develop the strategies to increase its utilization of traditional foods in school lunches. The information was obtained by the self-administered questionnaire from the subjects, which were 198 dietitians in schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. According to the preference for traditional foods, subjects were distributed into three groups (High = 54, Medium = 128, Low = 16). The significances of differences between groups were determined using SPSS 12.0 at p < 0.05. Compared to the dietitians with lower (medium and low) preferences, those with high preferences answered that they had better knowledge (p < 0.001) for traditional foods, and served them more in school lunches (p < 0.01). Also, more dieticians in the high preference group not only felt that they need to train school administrators (p < 0.01) as well as themselves (p < 0.05), but also were currently providing students with the nutrition education on traditional foods (p < 0.05). The results presented the evidence suggesting that having dietitians with higher preference for traditional foods can offer an effective strategy to increase the opportunities for schoolchildren to be exposed to traditional foods. Development of the standard recipes for use in school lunches by the government or the association was answered as the best strategy to increase the use of traditional foods, regardless of the dietitians' preferences.

The Evaluation on the Extent of Dieticians' Application of the Curriculum of the Food and Nutrition Department to their Work

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the extent of dieticians' application of the curriculum of the food and nutrition major to their work and to suggest improvement measures for more efficiently applicable curriculum. A questionnaire survey of 552 dieticians at school food service and industry food service operations in Korea was conducted and 178 completed questionnaires were available for the purpose of the statistical evaluation. Statistical analyses were made of raw data by way of using the SPSS/win 7.2 program. The main results of this study were summarized as follows : Dietitian's job could be categorized into 11 duties and 92 task elements. The application level was ranked at a level between 3 point and 4 pont(out of 5 scale) in the most area of the 92 task elements. Out of 11 duties, duty of sanitation management was applied at the highest level, while duty of nutrition education and duty of consultation management were utilized at the lowest level. Compared with the industry food service dieticians, dieticians at school food service operations employed the curriculum at the higher level. The effectiveness of experiments and practicum curriculum was ranked at the lower level than 3 point(out of 5 scale).

A Survey on job characteristics and relationships between general characteristics and job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center

This study was carried out to investigate the job characteristics and relationships between general charactristics and job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center. The subjects were 40 dieticians who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual education program in 1997. Statistival data analysis was completed using SAS packge program for frequencies, means, chi-square-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study acn be summarizd as follows. 45.0% of the dieticians were 26 to 30 years old, four-year-course university graduates were 75.0% and daily workers were 72.5% The level of hte job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center was the highes in the relationship with colleagues. The other parts of job satisfaction such as effects of nutrition counselling and education, value achievement as a dietician, general work and supervision by supervisors were above average, The general characteristics such as the age, the level of education, employment conditions, working hours per week and total length of service were significantly to all fields of job satisfaction except general work.