Discussion on Treatment of Diarrhea of Intestinal Dampness-heat Syndrome and of Cold-dampness Disturbing Spleen Syndrome with Different Methods： Based on Intestinal Microbiota Function / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the changes of microbiota in different intestinal niches in the instance of diarrhea with intestinal dampness-heat syndrome and cold-dampness disturbing spleen syndrome， so as to provide objective evidence for treating diarrhea with different methods from the perspective of intestinal flora. MethodThe 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data of model mice with diarrhea of the two syndromes and the model mice after prescription intervention were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI）， and the intestinal dominant bacteria and microbial functions were compared among groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient among the microorganisms in each group was calculated and the co-occurrence networks of intestinal microbiota were constructed to study the interaction of the microbiota. ResultThe microbiota imbalance in intestinal contents of mice with diarrhea of intestinal dampness-heat syndrome was characterized by the enrichment of Muribaculum and Aerococcus， while the imbalance in intestinal mucosa was manifested by the enrichment of Gram-negative Neisseria， Capnocytophaga， and Prevotella （P<0.05）. However， after the treatment with Gegen Qinliantang， the microbiota in two distinct ecosystems was characterized by the enrichment of Lactobacillus and the abundance of Streptococcus in intestinal mucosa was increased. The microbiota imbalance in intestinal contents of diarrhea with cold-dampness disturbing spleen syndrome was characterized by the enrichment of Lactobacillus （P<0.01） and Clostridium sensu stricto 1， while the intestinal mucosa was dominated by the increase of Candidatus arthromitus and Enterobacter. However， after the treatment with Huoxiang Zhengqi powder， the intestinal contents were characterized by Lactobacillus enrichment， while the intestinal mucosal flora was featured by the enrichment of C. arthromitus， Pseudomonas， and Bacillus. Overall， the contribution of dominant bacteria in intestinal mucosa to the difference was higher than that in intestinal contents， and more dominant bacteria in the intestinal mucosa interacted with other bacteria. ConclusionMicrobiota imbalance is different for diarrhea of different syndromes， and the therapeutic effects of corresponding prescriptions are also different. In addition， the microbiota imbalance has different characteristics between intestinal niches for mice with diarrhea of the same syndrome. Therefore， intestinal flora may be one of the biological bases for exploring the characteristics of "treating the diarrhea with different methods" in Chinese medicine.

Theoretical discussion and clinical application of treating the same syndrome with different methods in "treatise on febrile and miscellaneous diseases" / 中国中药杂志

The theory of " treating same syndrome with different methods" has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). It originated from Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,and had objective formation factors. The " syndrome" in TCM was a comprehensive manifestation of etiology,characteristics,disease location and trend of disease. Considering the rich connotation of " syndrome",the diverse treatment methods,and the complex ingredients in prescriptions,different specific methods or prescriptions have been often applied to treat the same syndrome. Therefore,based on the theory of " treating same syndrome with different methods",the concept of " prescriptions corresponding to syndromes" was extended,suggesting one syndrome treated with several different prescriptions. Moreover,the concept of " prescription corresponding to syndrome" doesn't refer to a random match between the " syndrome" and the " prescription". Instead,it would refine and objectify the " same syndrome" and seek subtle differences in symptoms,signs and chemical indicators of different diseases and individuals. It further embodied the new diagnosis and treatment model of " pathogenesis combined with pathology,drug properties combined with pharmacology". As a result,the nature of " treating same syndrome with different methods" lies in different microscopic pathological changes or trends,which traditionally expressed as the same syndrome with different symptoms,the same syndrome with different trends,and the same syndrome with different diseases and the same syndrome with different physiques. Therefore,by enriching the connotation of " syndrome",and further defining its objective pathology and development trend,the correspondence between " syndrome" and " prescription" became more precise. By carefully identifying the different characterizations,trends and prognosis in same syndrome,medical practitioners could give individual and dynamic prescriptions,so as to improve the clinical efficacy.

The Connotation and Clinical Significance of the Similarities and Differences in Disease Treatment / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the origin, connotation and clinical significance of the similarities and differences in disease treatment.[Methods]Refer to the ancient and modern literature, inquiry, analysis and summary of ancient and modern medicine to confirm the similarities and differences with different treatment, analysis, interpretation of different diseases with the same therapeutic principle and application, combined with clinical cases are discussed. [Results]Similarities and differences in disease treatment originated from"Huang Di Nei Jing"and developed in"Shang Han Za Bing Lun", and through successive generations of doctors in their respective clinical practice continuous use and efficacy, it is very scientific and effective to confirm the similarities and differences of disease treatment as an important method in Chinese medicine treatment. According to the change of pathogenesis of the same disease or different diseases, and to analyze the commonness or particularity of the contradiction, it is adopted the principle and method of different or same treatment. Case 1 diagnosed as metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, case 2 diagnosed as leukorrhagia, a common pathogenesis was developed through TCM syndrome differentiation: impairment of Chong and Ren channels, governance lost control, given the treating different diseases with same method;Case 3 and case 4 were diagnosed as late menstruation, but case 3 identified as asthenia of spleen and stagnation of wetness-evil and deficiency of menstruation, cases 4 diagnosed as Yin-blood deficiency and blood dryness dry, therefore with treating same disease with different methods, good clinical results were achieved. [Conclusion]The similarities and differences of disease are important characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, TCM is the spirit embodied in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, to explore its connotation and significance of clinical guidance, help to inherit and develop the TCM diagnosis and treatment of diseases, so as to better serve the clinic.

The Essence of Zhang Ren's Eye Acupuncture Technique of Different Diseases in Same Method / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]To introduce the technique of treating different eye diseases with the same method of Zhang Ren's eye acupuncture technique. [Method] To summarize and sort Zhang Ren's eye acupuncture technique of different eye diseases with same method and also different needling technoloies in the same method. [Results] Zhang Ren uses the same method when he treats refractoriness eye diseases which includes filiform needle, acupoint injection, cutaneous acupuncture and auricular acupuncture. When he faces to the special cases, he also pays attention to different needling technoloies which contain different needling methods and different manipulations. The different needling methods contain triple needling and penetrated needling;The different manipulations contain the acupuncture points such as Point-XinMing1, Point-Shang TianZhu, Point-GB20.[Conclusions]Zhang Ren uses same method for different diseases and also different needling technologies in the same method when he treats eye diseases with acupuncture technique.

Construction of Experimental Animal Model of Overactive Bladder in Rat Induced by Cyclophosphamide Intraperitoneal Injection and Intravesical Instillation / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of two methods for rat overactive bladder(OAB)model construction in?duced by intraperitoneal injection and intravesical instillation cyclophosphamide. Methods A total of 30 female SD rats weighting 200?250 g were randomly categorized into three groups:intraperitoneal injection?induced OAB(Ip?OAB),intravesical instillation?induced group(Iv?OAB)and con?trol group. Ip?OAB rats was i.p. administrated cycbophosphe mide three times in dose of 75 mg/kg body weight,while Iv?OAB rats received intravesi?cal instillation three times in drug dose of 75 mg/kg body weight. Control group rats received no treatment. Maximum bladder capacity(MBC),maxi?mum voiding pressure(MVP),frequency of spontaneous contraction of each group were recorded. The incidence,the mortality and the pathology of the three groups were compared. Results MBC,MVP and frequency of spontaneous contraction between Ip?OAB group and Iv?OAB group had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Compared with the control group,MBC significantly increased(P<0.05),MVP significantly decreased (P<0.05),and frequency of spontaneous contraction significantly increased(P<0.05)in Ip?OAB and Iv?OAB rats. The modeling success rate and mortality were 100%and 80%in Ip?OAB group,and were 50%and 0%in Iv?OAB group,and pathological changes were found in the two groups. Conclusion The construction of experimental animal model of OAB in rat induced by intraperitoneal injection and intravesical instillation cyclo?phosphamide are both reliable methods. Ip?OAB rats exhibit high incidence and mortality rate,while Iv?OAB rats show low incidence and mortality rate.

Clinical criteria for the successful curing of composite materials

As composites have continued to be optimized, significant differences in physical, mechanical, and clinica performances between the available systems have lessened. Yet, despite all the improvements, one constant remains: direct composites need to be light-polymerized. Clinicians need to understand the principles of light-curing because unbound monomers are cytotoxic and improperly cured composites are less biocompatible. Presently, there are four technologies available to cure composites. Once the light source is chosen, the clinician should consider several factors to ensure that the composite is being cured satisfactorily. This article analyzes the various current technologies, their strengths and weaknesses, and the relevance of following certain protocols to ensure proper polymerization rates.

Quantification of Testosterone (T) by 8 Immunoassays and by Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS) in Normal and Hirsute Women: A Multicenter Study / Cuantificación de testosterona (T) por 8 inmunoensayos y por cromatografía líquida en tandem con espectrometría de masa (LC MS/MS): En mujeres normales e hirsutas. Estudio multicéntrico

Objective: To compare T results in normal and hirsute women, obtained by different laboratories employing the same or different methods, including an in-home RIA, and the gold standard method LC-MS/MS. In addition, T results were referred to a curve obtained by 6 different pools that had been prepared on the basis of LC-MS/MS results. Design: Prospective study Setting: Hormone Determination Laboratory, Hospital Italiano, La Plata, and private practice of each participant laboratory. Patient(s): Blood samples were obtained from 78 individuals sorted into 3 groups, namely, normal men (n:39), normal women (n:24) and hirsute women (n:15) Interventions(s): None Main Outcome Measure(s): To evaluate if the results obtained in each lab for each serum sample by the methods currently employed in our country are significantly different from those obtained by LC-MS/MS (Gold standard) Result(s) One out of the 24 NW showed high T values by LC - MS/MS. In each lab, except in 1 (Architect) T results of this serum sample were normal. Two out of the 15 hirsute patients showed normal T values (LC - MS/MS). Method and number of labs -shown between brackets- and percentages of normal T results (false negatives) are described for each method as follows: Chemiluminescence: Axsym - Abbott (Axn) - (3) 85, Architect - Abbott - (Arch); (2) 70; Immulite - Siemmens - (IMM); (2) 42; Electrochemiluminescence - Elecsys - Roche- ((EQL); (4) 52; Fluorescent enzymatic - Vidas - Bio-Merieux - (Vidas) (1) 69; Manual coated tube radioimmunoassay (RIA): RIA - Siemmens Coat-a-Count (RIA S); (3) 64; RIA - DSL Inc (RIA DSL); (1) 31; RIA - DIASource - (DiaS); (1) 31; and in-Home RIA (in-H) (1) 12. Statistically significant differences were obtained between different methods and against LC MS/MS. In-H method is the one that comes closest to 1 on the Weighted Deming regression and closest to zero on the SD intercept, (standard deviation of the constant in the straight line equation) indicating that the values match those obtained by LC - MS/MS. The values recorded by the various methods employed showed no significant modifications when plotted against a secondary standard curve. Conclusion(s) This indicates that the techniques in current use in our area underestimate hyperandrogenemia in these patients. Discrepancies are not due to the various calibration curves proposed in the corresponding commercial kits. The fact that the In-H technique affords finer results while employing a larger serum volume suggests that the disparities among the various commercial methods result from their limited sensitivity to the sample volumes they process.

El diagnóstico de hiperandrogenemia requiere la demostración de niveles aumentados de Testosterona Total (TT) en suero. Los inmuno ensayos comerciales dan resultados divergentes a niveles bajos de TT como los obtenidos en mujeres. Valoramos los niveles de TT en 24 mujeres normales (MN) y 15 hirsutas (MH) en 18 laboratorios por métodos comúnmente empleados en nuestro medio. Los métodos y número de laboratorio que emplearon cada método se muestra entre paréntesis así como los porcentajes de T normal (falsos negativos) obtenidos en cada método fueron: Quimioluminiscencia: Axsym - Abbott (Axn)- (3) (85), Architect - Abbott - (Arch); (2) 70; Immulite - Siemmens - (IMM); (2) 42; Electroquimioluminiscencia - Elecsys - Roche- ((EQL); (4) 52; Enzimático acoplado a fluorescencia Vidas - Bio-Merieux - (Vidas) (1) 69, Radioinmunoiensayo en tubo recubierto (RIA): RIA - Siemmens (RIA S); (3) 64; RIA - DSL Inc (RIA DSL); (1) 31; RIA - DIASource - (DiaS); (1) 31; y un método desarrollado en uno de los laboratorios (in-H) (1) 12. Comparativamente a LC MS/MS los niveles fueron en todas las muestras significativamente más bajos por Axn y en 18 de las 24 MN por DiaS. En 7 casos; 3 por RIA S, 2 por IMM y 1 por EQL y Arch los valores de TT fueron superiores al límite superior de sus respectivos métodos. En todos los casos se obtuvo una gran variación entre los mismos y con diferentes métodos. Trece de las 15 MH tuvieron niveles altos de TT por LC MS/MS. De las MH con TT aumentada de acuerdo a la determinación por LC MS/MS entre el 12 y el 85 % de las mismas por los distintos métodos fueron normales, indicando que en la mayoría de los métodos habitualmente utilizados en nuestro medio subvaloran la hipernadrogenemia en estas pacientes. Estas diferencias se hacen más notorias a niveles más bajos de TT (Se obtuvieron valores normales en el 71 % de los casos con valores de TT entre 0,47 y 0,74 ng/ml y en el 38 % de los casos, con niveles de TT mayor a 0,98 ng/ml). ...

Quantification of Testosterone (t) by 8 Immunoassays and by Liquid Chromatography -Tandem mass Spectrometry (lc -msms) in Normal and Hirsute Women: A Multicenter Study / Cuantificación de testosterona (t) por 8 inmunoensayos y por cromatografía líquida en tandem con espectrometría de masa (Lc ms/ms): En mujeres normales e hirsutas. Estudio multicéntrico

Objective: To compare T results in normal and hirsute women, obtained by different laboratories employing the same or different methods, including an in-home RIA, and the gold standard method LC-MS/MS. In addition, T results were referred to a curve obtained by 6 different pools that had been prepared on the basis of LC-MS/MS results. Design: Prospective study Setting: Hormone Determination Laboratory, Hospital Italiano, La Plata, and private practice of each participant laboratory. Patient(s): Blood samples were obtained from 78 individuals sorted into 3 groups, namely, normal men (n:39), normal women (n:24) and hirsute women (n:15) Interventions(s): None Main Outcome Measure(s): To evaluate if the results obtained in each lab for each serum sample by the methods currently employed in our country are significantly different from those obtained by LC-MS/MS (Gold standard) Result(s) One out of the 24 NW showed high T values by LC - MS/MS. In each lab, except in 1 (Architect) T results of this serum sample were normal. Two out of the 15 hirsute patients showed normal T values (LC - MS/MS). Method and number of labs -shown between brackets- and percentages of normal T results (false negatives) are described for each method as follows: Chemiluminescence: Axsym - Abbott (Axn) - (3) 85, Architect - Abbott - (Arch); (2) 70; Immulite - Siemmens - (IMM); (2) 42; Electrochemiluminescence - Elecsys - Roche- ((EQL); (4) 52; Fluorescent enzymatic - Vidas - Bio-Merieux - (Vidas) (1) 69; Manual coated tube radioimmunoassay (RIA): RIA - Siemmens Coat-a-Count (RIA S); (3) 64; RIA - DSL Inc (RIA DSL); (1) 31; RIA - DIASource - (DiaS); (1) 31; and in-Home RIA (in-H) (1) 12. Statistically significant differences were obtained between different methods and against LC MS/MS. In-H method is the one that comes closest to 1 on the Weighted Deming regression and closest to zero on the SD intercept, (standard deviation of the constant in the straight line equation) indicating that the values match those obtained by LC - MS/MS. The values recorded by the various methods employed showed no significant modifications when plotted against a secondary standard curve. Conclusion(s) This indicates that the techniques in current use in our area underestimate hyperandrogenemia in these patients. Discrepancies are not due to the various calibration curves proposed in the corresponding commercial kits. The fact that the In-H technique affords finer results while employing a larger serum volume suggests that the disparities among the various commercial methods result from their limited sensitivity to the sample volumes they process. No financial conflicts of interest exist.

El diagnóstico de hiperandrogenemia requiere la demostración de niveles aumentados de Testosterona Total (TT) en suero. Los inmuno ensayos comerciales dan resultados divergentes a niveles bajos de TT como los obtenidos en mujeres. Valoramos los niveles de TT en 24 mujeres normales (MN) y 15 hirsutas (MH) en 18 laboratorios por métodos comúnmente empleados en nuestro medio, Quimioluminiscencia: Axsym - Abbott (Axn)- (3 ), Architect - Abbott - (Arch); (2); Immulite - Siemmens - (IMM); (2); Electroquimioluminiscencia - Elecsys - Roche- ((EQL); (4); Enzimático acoplado a fluorescencia Vidas - Bio-Merieux - (Vidas) (1), Radioinmunoiensayo en tubo recubierto (RIA): RIA - Siemmens (RIA S); (3) 64; RIA - DSL Inc (RIA DSL); (1) 31; RIA - DIASource - (DiaS); (1) 31; y un metodo desarrollado en uno de los laboratorios (in-H) (1).El número entreparéntesis indica elnúmero de laboratorios que emplearon la misma técnica,y comparamos los resultados por LC MS/MS. Comparativamente a LC MS/MS los niveles fueron en todas las muestras significativamente más bajos por AXS y en 18 de las 24 MN por DiaS. En 7 casos; 3 por RIA S, 2 por IMM y 1 por EQL y Arch los valores de TT fueron superiores al límite superior de sus respectivos métodos. En todos los casos se obtuvo una gran variación entre los mismos y con diferentes métodos. Trece de las 15 MH tuvieron niveles altos de TT por LC MS/MS. De las MH con TT aumentada de acuerdo a la determinación por LC MS/MS entre el 12 y el 85 % de las mismas por los distintos métodos fueron normales, indicando que en la mayoría de los métodos habitualmente utilizados en nuestro medio subvaloran la hipernadrogenemia en estas pacientes. Estas diferencias se hacen más notorias a niveles más bajos de TT (Se obtuvieron valores normales en el 71 % de los casos con valores de TT entre 0.47 y 0.74 ng/ml y en el 38 % de los casos, con niveles de TT mayor a 0.98 ng/ml). En 9 muestras se determinó la TT empleando una curva en el rango de 0.21 a 6.44 ng/ml preparada con de una mezcla de 78 sueros cuyos valores fueron obtenidos por LC MS/MS. No se obtuvo una modificación significativa de los valores indicando que la diferencia entre los distintos métodos no es debida a las diferentes curvas de calibración de los kit comerciales. En conclusión ninguno de los métodos mayormente empleados en nuestro medio son aceptables para la evaluación de niveles menores a 1.5 ng/ml.

Brief introduction to clinic academic thoughts of great master of TCM GUO Zi-guang / 中华中医药杂志

To introduce the academic thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)master GUO Zi-guang based on the analysis of clinical cases.His main academic thoughts are:①He proposes the theory of six meridians and their differentiation in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid.The six meridians are bases for the treatment of all diseases,and their differentiation provides a fundamental principle for the differentiation of diseases.②He uses the method of combining the disease and syndrome in diagnosis and treatment,which widens the horizon of traditional differentiation and diagnosis in TCM and avoids the absence of syndrome in the practice of differentiation.In this way,the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine can be guaranteed so as to meet the needs of medical and social development.③He emphasizes that it is fundamental to improve the therapeutic effects of TCM for its development.The approach is to combine disease and syndrome in diagnosis and treatment,and the way is to apply different methods in disease treatment.

Application of the Theory of Treating Different Diseases with Same Method and Treating Same Disease with Different Methods in Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Organ Fibrosis / 中医杂志

Abstract Treating different diseases with same method and treating same disease with different methods have profound theoretical origins as an important content of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment system.This theory is introduced into studies of TCM prevention and treatment of fibrosis and sclerosis of the liver,kidney.lung and other organs to search for effective drugs for common treatment of multiple organ fibrosis.so as to reveal the essenee of fibrosis and sclerosis of organs and open a new way for TCM prevention and treatment of refractory diseases;to provide experimental basis for TCM theory of treating different diseases with same method and treating same disease with different methods,and to provide new thinking and new method for studies of integrated western and Chinese medicine,TCM modernization and standardization.