Manifestaciones digestivas en pacientes hospitalizados con la COVID-19 / Digestive manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 ha provocado una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes, al tratarse de una enfermedad emergente, inédita y con alta transmisibilidad. Nuevas cepas diferentes a la variante original del virus, ya han sido identificadas, lo que pudiera significar un cambio en sus patrones de presentación clínica. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones digestivas en pacientes hospitalizados por la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de tipo prospectivo en pacientes diagnosticados con la COVID-19, ingresados entre los meses de julio y septiembre del 2021. Se estudiaron 136 pacientes seleccionados. A cada paciente seleccionado se le confeccionó su historia clínica individual. Se midieron las variables: sexo, edad, comorbilidades, presencia de manifestaciones digestivas y duración de los síntomas digestivos. Se calculó la media y desviación estándar para la duración de los síntomas digestivos, y en las restantes variables los resultados fueron expresados en frecuencia absoluta y porcientos. Resultados: Las manifestaciones digestivas estuvieron presentes en el 58,8 % de los pacientes. La diarrea se presentó en el 29,4 %, con una media de duración de 1,9 días aproximadamente y fue el síntoma digestivo más precoz de todos los identificados. Las náuseas y la anorexia se presentaron en el 25 %, sin embargo, fue la anorexia el síntoma de mayor duración, con un máximo de 10 días. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones digestivas en pacientes hospitalizados con la COVID-19 fueron: diarreas, náuseas, vómitos, epigastralgia, anorexia y dispepsia, de ellas, las de más frecuente presentación fueron: diarreas, náuseas y la anorexia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented health crisis, as it is an emerging, unprecedented disease with high transmissibility. New different strains from the original variant of the virus have already been identified, which could mean a change in its clinical presentation patterns. Objective: To describe the digestive manifestations in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive, prospective study was carried out in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, admitted among the months of July and September 2021; 136 patients were studied. Each selected patient had the individual medical record compiled. The variables taken into consideration were sex, age, comorbidities, presence of digestive manifestations and duration of digestive symptoms. The average and standard deviation for the duration of the digestive symptoms were calculated, and in the remaining variables, the results were expressed in absolute frequency and percentages. Results: Digestive manifestations were present in 58,8 % of the patients. Diarrhea occurred in 29,4 %, a with an average duration of approximately 1,9 days, and was the earliest digestive symptom of all those identified. Nausea and anorexia occurred in 25 %; anorexia was the symptom that lasted the longest, with a maximum of 10 days. Conclusions: The digestive manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, anorexia and dyspepsia, of which the most frequent presentation was: diarrhea, nausea and anorexia.

Analysis of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Gastritis Patients / 胃肠病学

Chronic gastritis has varied clinical symptoms and prolonged course,and seriously affects the life quality of patients.Studies have shown that mood disorders might affect the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis.Aims:To investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression and its relationship with digestive symptoms,Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,degree and activity of inflammation in patients with chronic gastritis.Methods:A total of 235 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis were enrolled.Anxiety,depression,gastrointestinal symptoms,gastric mucosal inflammation and activity were evaluated,and infection of Hp was detected.Results:In the 235 patients,144 (61.3%)were accompanied by anxiety and/or depression:108 patients (46.0%)were accompanied by anxiety,129 patients (54.9%) were accompanied by depression,93 patients (39.6%)were accompanied by anxiety and depression.Incidence of abdominal pain,abdominal distention and early satiety,scores of digestive symptoms,positive rate of Hp infection and incidence of severe inflammation in patients accompanied by anxiety and/or depression were significantly higher than those in patients without anxiety and depression (P0.05).Conclusions:Incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic gastritis is high.Anxiety and depression are associated with abdominal pain,abdominal distention and early satiety,and can affect the inflammatory degree of gastric mucosa.Patients with anxiety and depression are susceptible to Hp infection.

Parasitosis intestinales en pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido / Intestinal parasitosis found in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology

Introducción: la epilepsia es una alteración del sistema nervioso central que afecta a un estimado de 50 millones de personas en el mundo, de los cuales 85 porciento vive en países en desarrollo. Alrededor de 20 porciento de las epilepsias son de difícil control o refractarias. En Cuba no existen antecedentes de estudios acerca del comportamiento de las parasitosis intestinales en estos pacientes, por lo cual se decidió realizar la presente investigación en un grupo de pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia y las manifestaciones clínicas de las parasitosis intestinales, y relacionar estas infecciones con la existencia de epilepsia refractaria a los fármacos antiepilépticos. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario y se recogió una muestra de heces por cada paciente, se realizaron técnicas de diagnóstico coproparasitológico, como son el examen directo, el método de concentración de Willis y el procedimiento cuantitativo de Kato Katz

Introduction: the epilepsy is an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) which roughly affects 50 millions of persons worldwide; almost 85 percent of them live in developing countries. Approximately 20 percent of epilepsies are difficult to control or they are called refractory epilepsies. Taking into account the lack of Cuban reports about the behavior of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients, it was decided to carry out this research study in a group of epileptic patients with unknown etiology, from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Havana. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and the clinical manifestations of intestinal parasitic infections, and the possible association of these infections with epilepsy refractory to the antiepileptic drugs. Methods: a questionnaire was applied and one fecal sample was taken per patient. Various parasitological techniques were implemented, including direct wet mount, Willis concentration technique, and Kato Katz quantitative procedure

The Meaning of "Fukuchukan" in the Abdominal Symptom of Daikenchuto-syo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Daikenchuto is recorded in Kampo textbooks as a prescription for abdominal disorders. We considered <i>fukuchukan</i> (coldness in the abdomen) as equaling a sensation of coldness centering on the navel, and we examined the usefulness of using Daikenchuto as a medication for this symptom. We administered Daikenchuto to 90 patients who presented with coldness of the navel. The patients were divided into 2 groups:the first group had accompanying digestive symptoms, the second had no accompanying digestive symptoms. We then examined their response rates, and improvement rates for coldness centering on the navel. We also examined the abdominal strength and pulse strength for responders and non-responders, respectively.<br>The Digestive Symptoms group consisted of 64 patients. In this group, the response rate was 81.3%.The improvement rate of coldness centering on the navel was 92.3% in responders and 41.7% in non-responders, and the difference was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). The Non-digestive Symptoms group consisted of 26 patients. In this group, the response rate was 38.5%. The improvement rate of coldness centering on the navel was 100% in responders and 43.8% in non-responders, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.022).<br>In a comparison of all 90 responder and non-responder cases, weak abdominal strength was 62.9% in responders and 42.9% in non-responders, intermediate abdominal strength or above was 37.1% in responders and 57.1% in non-responders, and the difference between abdominal strength and response rate (p=0.076) was non-significant. Weak pulse was 54.8% in responders and 40.7% in non-responders, intermediate pulse strength or above was 45.2% in responders and 59.3% in non-responders, and the difference between pulse strength and response rate(p=0.221) was non-significant. 13 of these cases were above intermediate, for both abdominal strength and pulse strength.<br>We conclude that for patients presenting with a sensation of coldness centering on the navel, there is a strong possibility that the efficacy of Daikenchuto-syo is suggested, regardless of whether or not there are other digestive symptoms. Moreover, Daikenchuto proved effective in 13 cases where both abdominal strength and pulse strength were above an intermediate level, suggesting that a sensation of coldness centering on the navel can be the key to finding the <i>sensho</i> of Daikenchuto-sho.

The Meaning of \lceilFukuchukan\rfloor in the Abdominal Symptom of Daikenchuto-syo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Daikenchuto is recorded in Kampo textbooks as a prescription for abdominal disorders. We considered fukuchukan (coldness in the abdomen) as equaling a sensation of coldness centering on the navel, and we examined the usefulness of using Daikenchuto as a medication for this symptom. We administered Daikenchuto to 90 patients who presented with coldness of the navel. The patients were divided into 2 groups:the first group had accompanying digestive symptoms, the second had no accompanying digestive symptoms. We then examined their response rates, and improvement rates for coldness centering on the navel. We also examined the abdominal strength and pulse strength for responders and non-responders, respectively.The Digestive Symptoms group consisted of 64 patients. In this group, the response rate was 81.3%.The improvement rate of coldness centering on the navel was 92.3% in responders and 41.7% in non-responders, and the difference was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). The Non-digestive Symptoms group consisted of 26 patients. In this group, the response rate was 38.5%. The improvement rate of coldness centering on the navel was 100% in responders and 43.8% in non-responders, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.022).In a comparison of all 90 responder and non-responder cases, weak abdominal strength was 62.9% in responders and 42.9% in non-responders, intermediate abdominal strength or above was 37.1% in responders and 57.1% in non-responders, and the difference between abdominal strength and response rate (p=0.076) was non-significant. Weak pulse was 54.8% in responders and 40.7% in non-responders, intermediate pulse strength or above was 45.2% in responders and 59.3% in non-responders, and the difference between pulse strength and response rate (p=0.221) was non-significant. 13 of these cases were above intermediate, for both abdominal strength and pulse strength.We conclude that for patients presenting with a sensation of coldness centering on the navel, there is a strong possibility that the efficacy of Daikenchuto-syo is suggested, regardless of whether or not there are other digestive symptoms. Moreover, Daikenchuto proved effective in 13 cases where both abdominal strength and pulse strength were above an intermediate level, suggesting that a sensation of coldness centering on the navel can be the key to finding the sensho of Daikenchuto-sho.

Asociación entre síntomas digestivos y/o respiratorios y parámetros de la pHmetría intraesofágica ambulatoria de 24 horas en niños / Digestive and respiratory symptoms and parameters of 24 hours pHmetry in children with pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease

Introducción: La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) tiene una alta morbi-mortalidad. El estándar de oro es la pHmetría de 24 horas (pH24h). Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre síntomas y los parámetros de la pH24h. Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y comparativo en 35 niños menores de 14 años con ERGE que consultaron al Hospital Universitario del Valle ®Evaristo García¼ de Cali, Colombia, a quienes se les tomaron datos como nombre, edad, género, síntomas y talla. Se dividieron en tres grupos según la presentación clínica: síntomas digestivos (grupo 1), respiratorios (grupo 2) y mixtos (grupo 3). Se definió desnutrición crónica cuando el déficit de la talla para la edad era > 5% según las tablas de la NCHS. Los parámetros a la pH24h analizados fueron el índice de reflujo (IR), el número de episodios ácidos, el número de episodios ácidos >5 min, la duración del episodio más prolongado y su asociación con síntomas. El análisis estadístico se hizo con la prueba t de Student, siendo significativo una p<0.05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 niños (47.9±41.3 meses), 20 varones, 2 con síntomas digestivos, 17 con síntomas respiratorios, y 16 mixtos, con un déficit de la talla para la edad de 8.0±10.89%. En 20 (57.1%) la pH24h fue anormal según los parámetros de Vandenplas: 12 en el grupo 1, 1 en el grupo 2 y 7 en el grupo 3. Los parámetros a la pH24h fueron: IR 5.25±4.94%; número de episodios ácidos 77.21±78.96; número de episodios ácidos >5 min 1.30±3.67 y la duración del episodio más prolongado 9.36±20.06 min; sin diferencias significativas al ser comparados los 3 grupos (p>0.05), teniendo los niños del grupo respiratorio los parámetros más comprometidos: IR 4.75±5.17%, número de episodios ácidos 79.17±79.76, número de episodios ácidos >5 min 2.29±4.97 y duración del episodio más prolongado 15.0±27.04 min; así como su estado nutricional (p=0.003).

Introduction: Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has a high morbidity-mortality. The gold standard is the 24 hours pHmetry (pH24h). The objective is to determine the relationship between symptoms and parameters of pH24h. Methods: This is a comparative, descriptive, and retrospective study. N=35 children <14 years old suffering GERD, from the HUV in Cali, Colombia. Data: age, gender, symptoms and stature were taken. Children were divided into three groups: digestive (group 1), respiratory (group 2) and mixed (group 3). They were classified as chronic undernourished (deficit height/age >5%) according to tables from the NCHS. From pH24h were taken: reflux index (RI), number of acid episodes, number of episodes >5 min and duration of the longest episode and association with symptoms. The statistical analysis was the Student’s test t, having p<0.05 as significant. Results: 35 children were included (47.9±41.3 months), 20 males, 2 with digestive symptoms, 17 with respiratory and 16 with both symptoms, with a deficit of H/A= 8.0±10.89%. 20 (57.1%) pH24h were abnormal by Vandenplas’ criterion: 12 in group 1, 1 in group 2 and 7 in group 3. The parameters of pH24h were: IR 5.25±4.94%; number of acid episodes 77.21±78.96; number of acid episodes >5 min 1.30±3.67 and the duration of the longest episode 9.36±20.06 min. There were no significant differences between the parameters of pH24h and the study groups (p>0.05). The respiratory group showed pH24h parameters more involved: IR 4.75±5.17%, number of acid episodes 79.17±79.76, number of acid episodes >5 min 2.29±4.97 and duration of the longest episode 15.0±27.04 min; the same as their nutritional status (p=0.003).