Chinese yam yield is affected by soil nutrient levels and interactions among N, P, and K fertilizers / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the yield of 'Qinfeng' Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation.@*METHODS@#The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a "3414" optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors (N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer; 1, 0.5-fold the typical rate; 2, typical fertilization rate; and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments.@*RESULTS@#Treatment 6 (N2P2K2) produced the longest (75.6 cm) and thickest tubers (4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight (1311.9 g) and yield (41 015.9 kg/hm2), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest (65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers (3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight (953.4 g) and yield (28 532.8 kg/hm2) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm2 'Qinfeng' Chinese yam should be 360-388.3, 90-100.95, and 416.3-675 kg, respectively.

Chemical constituents from Dioscorea opposite / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Dioscorea opposita. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectra comparison with reference data. Results Fourteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of D. opposite. All of them included eight diarylheptanoids (1-8) and six nitrogen compounds (9-14). They were elucidated by spectroscopic data as 5-ethoxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one (1), 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptan-3-one (2), 1,7-diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one (3), 1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one (4), hannokinol (5), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-heptanediol (6), 1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-heptanediol (7), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxyheptane (8), trans-N- coumaroyltyramine (9), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (10), cis-N-coumaroyltyramine (11), trans-N-cinnamoyltyramine (12), pyrrolezanthine-6-ethyl ether (13), divaricataester A (14). Conclusion Compounds 1 is a new natural product, named as dioscoheptone A. Compounds 3, 4, 10, 12, 13, and 14 are isolated from the family of dioscoreaceae for the first time. Compounds 2, 6, and 8 are isolated from D. opposita for the first time.

Identification of a thermal stable allergen in yam (Dioscorea opposita) to cause anaphylaxis

Yam (Dioscorea opposita) is commonly consumed in East Asia, but allergic reaction to this plant food is rare. To date, there is no report of anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of cooked yam. We described 3 cases with anaphylaxis after eating boiled yam and 1 present with oral allergy syndrome as well. Basophil activation test in patients showed positive reactivity to boiled yam extract. In immunoblotting, a 30-kDa protein was recognized by all patients' sera and a 17-kDa band was detected by 1 patient. N-terminal amino acid revealed the 30-kDa IgE reacted band was DB3S, dioscorin in Dioscorea tuber. It promoted us that DB3S was a thermal stable oral allergen to trigger anaphylactic reaction and oral allergy syndrome in cooked yam (D. opposita) allergy. Patients with this plant food allergy should avoid both raw and well-cooked yam.

A new indole alkaloid from bulbils of Dioscorea opposite Thunb / 药学学报

This study was designed to study the chemical constituents from bulbil of Dioscorea opposite Thunb.. Four compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. On the basis of physic-chemical characters and spectroscopic data analysis, these compounds were identified as lyzalkaloid (3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-6H-pyrido[6,5-b]indol-5(1H)-one) (1), anoectochine (2), ginsenine (3), and 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid methyl ester (4). Compound 1 is a new indole alkaloid, named as lyzalkaloid. Compounds 2-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxic activities were assessed by MTT assay. All compounds exhibited the cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MDA-231 with IC50 values of over 100 μmol·L-1, respectively. All compounds show no significant cytotoxic activities against HepG2, MDA-231 cancer cell.

A new pyrazine derivative from Dioscorea opposite Thunb / 药学学报

The chemical constituents of Dioscorea opposite Thunb. were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative-HPLC. Nine compounds were found and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as 2-(1',2',3'-trihydroxybutyl-4'-O-α-D-glucopyranoside)-6-(2",3",4"-trihydroxybutyl)-pyrazine (1), uracil (2), xanthine (3), hypoxanthine (4), thymine (5), adenosine (6), uridine (7), inosine (8), and 5'-deoxy-5'-methylsulphinyladenosine (9). The compound 1 is a new pyrazine derivative, and the compound 3-5, 8, 9 are found in this plant for the first time.

Study on the Specification Grade of Dioscorea opposite Based on Delphi Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the classification of the specification grade of Dioscorea opposite.METHODS:Using the Delphi method,17 experts,who were associated with the study of the distribution and clinical application of D.opposite,were selected to conduct two rounds of consultation on 18 samples of medicinal herbs.The importance of the sensory evaluation indexes of D.opposite was screened and the overall satisfaction was evaluated.The specification grade of D.oppositewas determined preliminarily.RESULTS:Totally 17 questionnaires were issued for each round of consultation,and 17 were recovered with recovery rate of 100％.According to statistical analysis,the average value of expert's authority coefficient was 0.77 +0.07,and average recurrence rate of individual review was (91.18 + 7.64)％.The average recurrence rates of group review in two rounds of consultation were (66.67 + 13.50)％ and (65.97 + 14.01)％.The influence of working life,business background and educational background on recurrence rates of group review for interviewed experts was comprehensive.The full score ratio of appearance and cross-sectional characteristics importance was more than 80％,and the average value was more than 0.8.The full score ratio and average value of iron yam were higher.CONCLUSIONS:It is accurate and scientific to evaluate the specification grade of Chinese medicinal herbs with sensory experience.The most important evaluation indicators of D.opposite were the appearance,shape and cross-sectional characteristics.And it is divided into iron yam and non-iron yam preliminarily.The iron yam grade in descending order:Henan sandy iron yam,Shandong sandy iron yam,Henan loquat iron yam.The non-iron yam grade in descending order:Henan Huaiqingfu D.opposite,Hebei Xiaobaizui D.opposite,Hebei Ma D.opposite and Shanxi Chang D.opposite.

RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of Dioscorea opposita germplasm resources from Jiangxi and genetic stability of their plantlets / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity of 11 varieties of Dioscorea opposita germplasm resources from Jiangxi, and detect the genetic stability of the tissue cultured plantlets. Methods: RAPD-PCR was applied. Results: Twenty primers were screened out, 238 bands were amplified, 234 of them were polymorphic bands, the average amplified polymorphic bands were 11.7, and the ratio of polymorphic bands was 98.32%. The genetic similarity coefficient was 0.575 6-0.970 6 and the average similarity coefficient was 0.723 1. According to the results of UPGMA clustering analysis, the 11 D. opposita germplasm resources from Jiangxi province were divided into five categories: The first class included D. bulbifera. The second class included D. opposita. The third class included D. opposita Nancheng 1, D. opposita, D. opposita, D. opposite, and D. opposita, which showed that D. opposita 1, D. opposita, D. opposita and D. opposite, had closer relationship with D. opposita came from Wenxian County, Jiaozuo City, Henan province. The fourth class included D. opposita, D. opposita Nancheng 2 and D. opposita. The fifth class included D. opposita. The RAPD analysis results of plantlets subcultured for six times by in vitro rapid propagation method of stem segment with a bud of D. opposita L. germplasm resources from Jiangxi province (treatment group) and their seedlings germinated from microtuber (control group) also showed that 11 yam varieties were spread out 126-179 identifiable bands and each variety appeared 5-18 mutation bands, which indicated plantlets subcultured for six times by in vitro rapid propagation method of stem segment with a bud of D. opposita. germplasm resources from Jiangxi province existed somaclonal variation, but their genetic similarity coefficient compared with their seedlings germinated from microtuber was still relatively high, illustrating that their genetic traits were still relatively stable and did not affect their genotype. Conclusion: The experimental results can provide the reliable basis for introduction breeding, resource improvement, variety identification, germplasm conservation, and their plantlet culture of D. opposita germplasm resources from Jiangxi province.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum from Dioscorea opposite / 中草药

Objective: This study focused on the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum in Dioscorea opposite. Methods: Compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract by chromatography technology and their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as: ergosterol-5α, 8α-peroside (1), ergosta-4, 22-dien-3-one (2), di-n-butyl phthalate (3), di-isobutyl phthalate (4), 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (5), amber acid (6), pentanedioic acid (7), and Nb-acetyltrytamine (8). Conclusion: All these compounds are isolated from F. chlamydosporum for the first time.