La carga de enfermedad, lesiones, factores de riesgo y desafíos para el sistema de salud en México / Burden of disease, injuries, risk factors and challenges for the health system in Mexico

Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la carga de enfermedad en México de 1990 a 2010 para las principales enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo, por sexo. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario del estudio de la carga mundial de la enfermedad 2010. Resultados. En 2010 se perdieron 26.2 millones de años de vida saludable (AVISA), 56% en hombres y 44% en mujeres. Las principales causas de AVISA en hombres fueron violencia, cardiopatía isquémica y los accidentes de tránsito. En las mujeres fueron la diabetes, la enfermedad renal crónica y la cardiopatía isquémica. Los trastornos mentales y musculoesqueléticos concentran 18% de la carga. Los factores de riesgo que más afectan a los hombres son sobrepeso/obesidad; niveles de glucosa en sangre y de presión arterial elevados; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco (35.6% de AVISA perdidos). En las mujeres, el sobrepeso y la obesidad; glucosa elevada; hipertensión arterial; baja actividad física; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco fueron responsables de 40% de los AVISA perdidos; en ambos sexos, la dieta contribuye con 12% de la carga. Conclusiones. El panorama epidemiológico en México demanda una urgente adecuación y modernización del sistema de salud.

Objective. To present the results of the burden of disease, injuries and risk factors in Mexico from 1990 to 2010 for the principal illnesses, injuries and risk factors by sex. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the study results published by the Global Burden of Disease 2010 for Mexico performed by IHME. Results. In 2010, Mexico lost 26.2 million of Disability adjusted live years (DALYs), 56 % were in male and 44 % in women. The main causes of DALYs in men are violence, ischemic heart disease and road traffic injuries. In the case of women the leading causes are diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart diseases. The mental disorders and musculoskeletal conditions concentrate 18% of health lost. The risk factors that most affect men in Mexico are: alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels and blood pressure and tobacco consumption (35.6 % of DALYs lost). In women, overweight and obesity, high blood sugar and blood pressure, lack of physical activity and consumption of alcohol are responsible for 40 % of DALYs lost. In both sexes the problems with diet contribute 12% of the burden. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation in Mexico, demands an urgent adaptation and modernization of the health system.

Carga de la enfermedad en afiliados al instituto Mexicano del seguro social (IMSS): asociación con indicadores socioeconómicos: México 2000 / Carga da doença nos filiados ao instituto mexicano do seguro social (IMSS): associação com indicadores socioeconômicos: México 2000 / Burden of disease in Mexican social insurance institute affiliated: relation with socioeconomic indicators México 2000

Se estimó la carga de enfermedad en el IMSS en el año 2000. Resultados: similitud con subregión AMRO A y Australia en primeros diagnósticos, AVISAS Totales y APMP; mayor semejanza en AVD con subregiones AMRO B y D; esperanzas de vida totales similares a subregión AMRO A; esperanzas de vida con discapacidad semejantes a subregiones AMRO B y D; en entidades federativas, a mayor desarrollo socioeconómico, mayor AVD y esperanzas de vidas con discapacidad y menor APMP. Conclusión: Los afiliados al IMSS acumulan una carga de morbilidad mayor a lo esperado y en entidades federativas se asocia directamente con el desarrollo socioeconómico. Se infiere que, en el 2000, los afiliados al IMSS experimentaban baja mortalidad con expansión de morbilidad.

The burden of disease was estimated in people affiliated to the Mexican Social Insurance Institute -IMSS- in 2000.Main results: Similarities with AMRO A subregion and Australia in first causes of burden, total DALY and years lost due to premature mortality; similarities withAMRO B and D subregions in disability live expectancy; highest socioeconomic development associated with highest magnitude of years lived with disability and disability live expectancyat federative entities level. Conclusion: An unexpective high burden of morbidity with disability was found in people affiliated to IMSS; in federative entities, the burden of morbidity is associatedwith socioeconomic level. These results permit to infer, ecologically, that this population is experimented low levels of mortality with an expansion of morbidity.

Estimou-se a carga de doença no IMSS em 2000. Resultados: semelhanças com sub-região AMRO A e Austrália nos primeiros diagnósticos, AVISAS Totais e APMP; maior semelhança em AVD com sub-regiões AMRO B e D; expectativa de vida total similar a sub-região AMROA; expectativa de vida com deficiência semelhantes às sub-regiões AMRO B e D; em entidades federativas, quanto maior desenvolvimento socioeconômico, maior AVD e expectativa de vidas com deficiência e menor APMP. Conclusão: Os filiados ao IMSS acumulam una cargade morbilidade superior à esperada e em entidades federativas associa-se diretamente com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Infere-se que, em 2000, os filiados ao IMSS experimentavam baixa mortalidade com expansão de morbilidade.