Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Utility of Remote Monitoring in Patients on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

ABSTRACT Home hemodialysis (HD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) have advantages over HD in hospitals or HD centers. Home therapies are generally less expensive and give patients greater mobility and freedom for work, school, family, and recreational activities. Technological advances have made it possible to complement APD with devices for remote monitoring (RM) of the patient. With them, objective information generated in the APD device is collected and sent to repositories "in the cloud" for analysis or at the time decided by the health team. With APD+RM, it is possible to monitor therapeutic compliance, effective dialysis time, ultrafiltration volumes, inflow and outflow patterns of dialysis fluid, and patient actions to respond to alarms that indicate deviations from the parameters set by the nephrologist. The results of APD+RM show good acceptance by the patient, nephrologists, and nurses, treatment adherence has improved, hospitalizations and technique failure have decreased, and some aspects of quality of life have improved. However, there is a lack of controlled clinical trials that reliably demonstrate lower mortality and comorbidity due to specific causes.

Salud mental primaria para niños, niñas y adolescentes institucionalizados: perspectiva de equipos de salud / Primary mental health care for institutionalized children and adolescents: a health team perspective / Saúde mental primária para crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados: uma visão das equipes de saúde

Resumen (Analítico) La salud mental de los niños, niñas y adolescentes institucionalizados en hogares es un desafío clínico y ético para Chile y América Latina. Con el objetivo de explorar experiencias y desafíos percibidos por profesionales de la atención primaria de salud que atienden esta población, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, utilizando un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. Los datos se analizaron mediante teoría fundamentada. Los resultados mostraron que la atención era parcializada y discontinua. La información sobre el desarrollo vital, la familia, los contextos de vulneración e institucionalización era insuficiente y fragmentada. Además, existía escasa coordinación entre las instituciones que intervienen simultáneamente con los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se discuten las implicancias para la formación de equipos de salud mental de la atención primaria de salud y la implementación efectiva del trabajo intersectorial y multinivel.

Abstract (analytical) Mental health care for vulnerable and institutionalized children and adolescents is a clinical and ethical challenge in Chile and Latin America. This study explores experiences and challenges encountered when providing mental health care among primary health care professionals. Qualitative research was conducted using an open-ended questionnaire for interviewing professionals in a rural area of Chile. The data was analyzed using Grounded Theory. The results show a fragmented and discontinuous delivery of care as a large portion of the children's clinical and social history is unknown. There is lack of coordination with other institutions that intervene in this area. The authors discuss implications for primary health care training for children's mental health teams and the need for the implementation of effective integrated and multilevel care systems.

Resumo (Analítico) A saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes vulneráveis e institucionalizados é um desafio clínico e ético no Chile e na América Latina. O presente estudo explorou experiências e desafios do cuidado por profissionais da atenção primária à saúde que atendem esta população. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada utilizando um questionário de perguntas abertas para entrevistar profissionais da área rural do Chile. Os dados foram analisados usando a Grounded Theory. Os resultados mostraram um atendimento fragmentado e descontínuo. As informações sobre parte da história clínica e social das crianças, e os contextos de vulnerabilidade e institucionalização são insuficientes. Além disso, existia pouca coordenação entre as instituições que intervêm simultaneamente com os crianças e adolescentes. São discutidas implicações para o treinamento de equipes de saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde e para a implementação de sistemas efetivos de atendimento integrado e multinível.

Advantages and disadvantages of common methods of hip-conserving surgery for osteonecrosis of femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for the treatment of non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head. In the clinical treatment, various stages of necrosis are the decisive factors for the choice of operation. In the past, there are many studies about the effectiveness of various techniques, but few studies concern the causes of failure or risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether other internal and external factors affect the success rate of hip preservation besides necrosis stage. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang database for related studies published from 2010 to 2019. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, core decompression, non-vascularized bone grafting, vascularized free bone grafting, porous tantalum rod implantation, osteotomy, biological agents, cytotherapy” in English, and “hip-conserving surgery, hip preservation, core decompression, bone graft without blood vessel, bone graft with blood vessel, porous tantalum rod placement, osteotomy, biologics, cell therapy” in Chinese. A total of 214 articles were retrieved, and the full text was consulted. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 articles were finally included for analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The advantages and disadvantages of each hip-conserving surgery should be evaluated. (2) Although core decompression is simple, it should not be used alone; the lateral column should be reserved properly when the non-vascularized bone transplantation is used to clean up the dead bone, so as to deal with the mechanical weakening; the blood loss and fracture risk are higher when the vascularized bone transplantation is converted to total hip replacement; the stress concentration is easily caused by tantalum rod implantation, and the clinical application is less. (3) Osteotomy, as a kind of hip-conserving surgery with great trauma, should be planned in detail for patients’ age, body mass index, and necrotic range, besides considering the necrotic stage. (4) The risk of total hip replacement should be considered in the long run no matter which operation. (5) The combination of various surgical methods and biological agents may achieve better results.

Research Progress in Fractional Flow Reserve / 中国医疗器械杂志

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a heart disease caused by coronary artery stenosis or obstruction, resulting in myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis. Its examination methods include electrocardiogram, hematological examination, coronary CT, coronary angiography and intravascular imaging technology, etc. In recent years, blood Fractional Flow Reserve(FFR) has been widely used to measure the degree of coronary artery stenosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Based on the related literature at home and abroad, elaborated the FFR measurements of coronary artery stenosis degree background significance, basic principle and implementation method, on the basis of inductive expounds the FFR examination of clinical research and the advantages and disadvantages, at the same time a preliminary prospect on the development of technology of FFR iFR-the future instantaneous waveform ratio and the functional SYNTAX score has a broad space for development.

Bloqueo del nervio femoral con estimulador de nervio periférico en la artroscopia de rodilla / Femoral nerve block with peripheral nerve stimulator in knee arthroscopy

Introducción: el bloqueo del nervio femoral es una de las técnicas básicas del bloqueo nervioso. Objetivo: describir los resultados del bloqueo del nervio femoral con estimulador de nervio periférico en pacientes intervenidos de artroscopia de rodilla. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo de corte longitudinal. La muestra estuvo integrada por 84 pacientes intervenidos de artroscopia de rodilla en los cuales se utilizó el bloqueo del nervio femoral como técnica anestésica. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, con estado físico I-III según la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (ASA), sin alergia conocida a los anestésicos locales y sin contraindicaciones para las técnicas regionales; se excluyeron del estudio aquellos pacientes con intervención quirúrgica ilioinguinal previa, con tumoraciones en región inguinal o neuropatía femoral. Resultados: la calidad del bloqueo fue buena en 90,5 por ciento, de los pacientes, regular en 7,1 por ciento y mala en el 2,4 por ciento. La media del tiempo de analgesia al movimiento fue de 15,17 h (DE 10,52), con un mínimo de 4,17 y un máximo de 28,40 h. Las complicaciones fueron escasas (9,52 por ciento). La más frecuente resultó la parestesia y el bloqueo insatisfactorio en 4,8 y 2,4 por ciento respectivamente. El grado de pacientes satisfechos fue el 95,2 por ciento del total. Conclusiones: el tiempo de analgesia en más de la mitad de los pacientes fue mayor de 12 h y la intensidad del dolor en el rango de dolor leve-moderado, tanto en reposo como al realizar algún movimiento. Las complicaciones fueron escasas, la más frecuente fue la parestesia. La técnica se asocia con elevados niveles de satisfacción por parte de los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: The femoral nerve block is one of the basic nerve block techniques. Objective: To describe the results of femoral nerve block with peripheral nerve stimulator in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Method: Observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 84 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy, in whom femoral nerve block was used as an anesthetic technique. Patients older than 18 years were included, with physical status I-III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), without known allergy to local anesthetics and without contraindications for regional techniques; patients with previous ilioinguinal surgery, and with tumors in the inguinal region or femoral neuropathy, were excluded from the study. Results: The block quality was good in 90.5 percent of the patients, regular in 7.1 percent, and poor in 2.4 percent. The average time of analgesia to movement was 15.17 hours (SD 10.52), with a minimum of 4.17 and a maximum of 28.40 hours. Complications were minimal (9.52 percent). The most frequent was paresthesia and the unsatisfactory block, in 4.8 and 2.4 percent, respectively. The degree of satisfied patients was 95.2 percent of the total. Conclusions: The analgesic time in more than half of the patients was greater than 12 hours, while the pain intensity was in the range of mild to moderate, both at rest and when performing some movement. Complications were minimal, the most frequent was paresthesia. The technique is associated with high levels of satisfaction as expressed by the patients(AU)

Analysis of the Origin and Disadvantages of the Excessive Use in Treatment of Epidemic Disease with Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Method / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To analyze the origin and disadvantages of the excessive use in treatment of epidemic disease with heat-clearing and detoxifying method. [Methods] We analyse the original reason of excessive use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method in treatment of epidemic disease in the thought of classics academic,combining with core journals from pre-Qin to after the founding of China. [Results] In pre-Qin ,heat-clearing and detoxifying method showed signs; The heat-clearing and detoxifying method created some formulas in Jin Tang; Heat-clearing and detoxifying method in treating the epidemic disease increased obviously in Song;In the Ming dynasty ,heat-clearing and detoxifying became an important method of eliminating;In the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China,advocate use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method;After the founding of China,there has appeared the trend of excessive use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method. [conclusion] At present ,treatment abuse in epidemic disease with heat-clearing and detoxifying method has its historical reasons,but this deviates with thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on syndrome differentiation , and deserves further research.

Technology for rapid detection of trace microbes / 军事医学

Technology for rapid detection of trace microbes combined with flow cytometry and image cytometry is used for rapid detection of cells and microorganisms, quantification of fluorescent signals, and visualization of cells and mi-crobes.Its fast and accurate count of microorganisms plays an important role in detection of the quantity of food and water, and can help to improve residents′quality of life and health.This article describes several common methods for detecting microorganisms with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages.Current applications and future developlments are also discussed.

Comparison of the Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Parturients with Abnormal Second Stage of Labor between Forceps Delivery and Emergency Cesarean Section / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the influence of forceps delivery or emergency cesarean section on the maternal and infant outcome in pregnant women with abnormal second stage of labor.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 118 parturients with abnormal second stage of labor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital from 2013 January to 2015 February.The involved parturients with abnormal second stage of labor received different delivery modes including forceps delivery and emergency cesarean section, and the delivery time and its influence on the maternal and infant outcome were compared.Results The mean delivery time of forceps delivery and emergency cesarean section was (14.8 ± 5.3) and (32.7 ± 12.6) minutes, the difference was significant (P＜0.05).The bleeding probability and the occurrence of severe neonatal asphyxia in the forceps delivery group was obviously lower than that of maternal emergency cesarean section group (P＜0.05).The influence of emergency cesarean section on the newborn severe asphyxia was more serious than forceps delivery (P ＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the mild asphyxia, facial bruising, scalp hematoma and neonatal pneumonia between the two groups.Conclusion Compared with emergency cesarean section, forceps delivery can protect the safety of mother and child can reduce dystocia risk coefficient for the pregnant women with abnormal second stage of labor.

Disadvantages of publishing biomedical research articles in English for non-native speakers of English / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: English has become the most frequently used language for scientific communication in the biomedical field. Therefore, scholars from all over the world try to publish their findings in English. This trend has a number of advantages, along with several disadvantages. METHODS: In the current article, the most important disadvantages of publishing biomedical research articles in English for non-native speakers of English are reviewed. RESULTS: The most important disadvantages of publishing biomedical research articles in English for non-native speakers may include: Overlooking, either unintentionally or even deliberately, the most important local health problems; failure to carry out groundbreaking research due to limited medical research budgets; violating generally accepted codes of publication ethics and committing research misconduct and publications in open-access scam/predatory journals rather than prestigious journals. CONCLUSIONS: The above mentioned disadvantages could eventually result in academic establishments becoming irresponsible or, even worse, corrupt. In order to avoid this, scientists, scientific organizations, academic institutions, and scientific associations all over the world should design and implement a wider range of collaborative and comprehensive plans.

Comparison and application of complete endoscopic and endoscope assisted small incision in thyroid surgery / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the advantages and disadvantages of the application of complete endoscopic and endoscope assisted small incision in thyroid surgery. Methods From September 2010 to September 2013,279 patients with thyroid diseases in our hospital were selected as the research object. Among them,239 cases of thyroid surgery were grouped according to the surgical method,the complete endo-scopic group with 95 cases,endoscope assisted small incision surgery group with 144 cases. The other 40 cases of parathyroid surgery were grouped according to the surgical method,the complete endoscopic group with 5 cases,endoscope assisted small incision group with 35 cases. The results and indicators related to the surgery with the complete endoscopic and endoscope assisted small incision for the thyroid disease and parathyroid gland were compared. Results About thyroid disease,the proportion of women in the complete endoscopic group,the adeno-ma or unilateral gland leaf proportion,thyroid volume,the tumor nodules longest diameter,adenoma or glandular lobe resection time,double leaf full cut or full cutting time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher than that of endoscope assisted small incision group,and the age,double leaf time full cut or full cut rate were significantly lower than that of endoscope assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). About thyroid disease,proportion of chest discomfort,VAS pain score,length of hospital stay and postoperative cosmetic effect of satisfaction scores in complete endoscopic group were significantly higher than that of endoscopy assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). About parathyroid disease,the age of patients in the complete endo-scopic group was significantly lower than that in endoscopy assisted small incision group,but the operation time and hospital stay were signifi-cantly higher than that of endoscopy assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion The thyroid surgery with complete endoscopic and endoscopy assisted small incision has certain advantages and disadvantages,which should be considered for patients demands,so as to make the best operation program.

Beneficios del contacto piel a piel precoz en la reanimación neonatal / Benefits of the early skin to skin contact in neonatal reanimation

Introducción: El recién nacido presenta después del parto, un periodo especial en el que se encuentra en un estado de alerta, tranquilo, en el que puede interactuar con su madre, reptar sobre su abdomen, desplazarse hasta el pecho e iniciar el amamantamiento de forma espontánea. Objetivo: Identificar las ventajas y desventajas de realizar el contacto piel a piel en la sala de partos. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos de investigación publicados entre 2009 y 2014, en diversas bases de datos; se identificaron 40 artículos específicos, posteriormente se realizó el análisis de acuerdo a ventajas y desventajas. Resultados: Los beneficios encontrados fueron mayor duración en la lactancia materna, parto humanizado, disminución de la depresión posparto y una mejor termorregulación. Como desventajas se encontraron episodios aparentemente letales en el periodo neonatal (EALN), en donde los neonatos dejaron de respirar. Conclusiones: Se observó un número mayor de ventajas que desventajas en la implementación de esta técnica. Sin embargo, todos los artículos hacen referencia a lo necesario que es el realizar una adecuada valoración y determinar si el recién nacido se encuentra en condiciones de ser reanimado en el vientre de su madre, con el objetivo de evitar eventos adversos futuros.

Introduction: After delivery, the newborn can become alert and tranquil, interact with his/her mother, rest on her abdomen, move towards her breasts, and spontaneously initiate breastfeeding. Objective: To identify advantages and disadvantages of performing the skin to skin contact at the delivery room. Material and methods: A search in diverse databases was performed on research articles published between 2009 and 2014, identifying 40 which then were analyzed according to skin to skin contact advantages and disadvantages. Results: Benefits found were a longer breastfeeding, a humanized delivery, a decrease in post-partum depression, and a better thermoregulation. Among disadvantages were the neonatal apparently lethal episodes in which the newborn ceased to breath. Conclusions: More advantages than disadvantages were observed while implementing this technique. Moreover, all articles make references to the importance of performing and adequate assessment, and determine if the newborn is in conditions to be reanimated on his/her mother´s abdomen.

Resultados de un programa de alfabetización temprana: Desempeño en lectura en niños de sectores en desventaja socioeconómica / Result of an early literacy intervention program: Reading skills in children with socio-economic disadvantages

El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue contribuir al conocimiento del proceso de alfabetización temprana en español en sectores en desventaja socioeconómica y cultural y analizar los resultados de un estudio destinado al desarrollo de habilidades relativas a la lectura de palabras y textos en niños de 4 a 7 años de edad. Se comparó el desempeño de dos grupos de niños (experimental y control) que concurrían a escuelas públicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y que habían sido homologados en todas las variables analizadas. Uno de ellos recibió intervención específica en alfabetización temprana durante 2 años. Las evaluaciones se realizaron antes, durante y a mediano plazo, una vez finalizada la intervención. Sobre los datos obtenidos se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos (medias, desvíos estándar y porcentajes de aciertos) y estadísticos inferenciales (prueba t y de diferencia de proporciones). Asimismo, se realizaron análisis cualitativos de los tipos de errores cometidos y de las estrategias utilizadas para la lectura de palabras (pre-analítica,analítica incompleta inicial e intermedia y alfabética consolidada) y lectura de texto (lectura silabeante sin y con recodificación, fluida y expresiva). Los resultados encontrados muestran mejoras evidentes en la lectura de palabras largas y pseudopalabras, con una diferencia al final de la intervención de hasta un 33% entre ambos grupos, a favor del grupo experimental, cuyos niños utilizan mayor porcentaje de estrategias analíticas. En la lectura de textos aparece una diferencia similar (27%) a favor del grupo experimental, entre los niños que pueden leer fluidamente un texto corto. Esto prepara los cimientos para un adecuado progreso en la comprensión lectora y demuestra el alto impacto de la intervención realizada.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the process of early literacy in Spanish in children with cultural and socio-economic disadvantages. Likewise, it aims at showing the results of a study about reading skills - specifically the reading of words and texts by 4 to 7 year-old children. The study was conducted following research models of Cognitive Psychology and was carried out by comparing the performance of two groups of children, the test group and the control group. These children attended public schools in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and they were treated as equivalents in all of the analyzed variables. One of the groups received specific early literacy intervention for two years. The assessments were made before, during and midway after finishing the intervention. The reading of words and pseudo words as well as reading and reading comprehension were evaluated. Gough and Juel (1989) propose a simple reading model that states that reading comprehension is the result of the multiplication of decoding and oral language comprehension [RC (reading comprehension) = D*LC (decoding multiplied by language comprehension)]. The multiplying nature of this relationship means that both factors, D and LC, are necessary for comprehension purposes but none of them are sufficient by themselves (Gough, Juel, & Griffith, 1992; Hoover & Gough, 1990). By analyzing the correlation between RC and each of the two factors, it is clearly shown that decoding is the most important step at the beginning of the learning process [r (RC*D) = .61 and r (RC*LC) =.39] and that the values are later reversed at the beginning of secondary school [r (RC*LC) = .68 and r (RC*D) = .39] (Alegría, 2006). Therefore, the differences in the reading comprehension process during the first years of schooling could be due to differences in fluency in reading. At the same time, the automatic word recognition theory (La Berge & Samuels, 1974) provides a strong explanation about the importance of fluency in reading. If the word recognition process is not fluent enough, a lot of energy is placed on paying attention, causing comprehension to be impaired. Taking the above information into account, one of the objectives of the implemented early intervention program has been to promote automatic decoding so that a minimum of other attention resources would be needed. In order to achieve this, it was necessary to develop phonological skills, knowledege of grapheme - phoneme correspondence, as well as the fast ensemble of phonemes. From the data gathered descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and achievement percentages) and inferential statistics (t test and percentage difference tests) were obtained. Likewise, a qualitative analysis of the types of mistakes made and the strategies used for word reading (pre-analytical, initial incomplete analytical and intermediate, and consolidated literacy) as well as the different categories in oral text reading (syllabification reading with and without recoding, fluent and expressive) was made. The results of the study show significant improvement in the reading of long words and pseudo words with a 33 % difference between the two groups, in favor of the experimental group, at the end of the intervention. The children from this group use a greater percentage of analytical strategies, which helps them read new words. Regarding text reading, there is a 27% difference among the children who can read a short text fluently in the test group and the ones who cannot do it in the control group. This finding has helped established a good foundation for adequate improvement in reading comprehension skills and shows the high impact the intervention has had on these children.

Brief Discussion on the Advantages And Disadvantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Disease Prevention / 国际中医中药杂志

As Chinese medicine do have advantages and disadvantages in disease prevention, we should have a good cognition on this and play out its advantages and make up its disadvantage in the practical work, so as to create a unique Chinese preventive medicine. Thus in this way, Chinese preventive medicine will be further developed and have better service for society.

Revisión por pares: ¿Qué es y para qué sirve? / Peer review: what it's and what it's for?

La revisión por pares es una herramienta usada en la valoración crítica de los manuscritos enviados por los expertos a las revistas científicas; su implementación genera dudas respecto al proceso de evaluación. Con el objetivo de aclarar el proceso de revisión por pares en este artículo se explican las interrogantes más frecuentes y se hace referencia a las ventajas, desventajas y a cómo mejorar el proceso, así como también su importancia, teniendo en cuenta que todas las investigaciones deberían ser sometidas a este proceso, para su validación previa a la publicación. Por otro lado, se comenta la situación actual en Latinoamérica, con el fin de establecer medidas que ayuden al mejoramiento del proceso. Finalmente, comentamos los parámetros actuales en relación con el proceso de revisión por pares y su metodología...

The peer review is a tool used in the critical valuation of the manuscripts sent to the magazines by the experts, which generate doubts as far as this process of evaluation; with the aim of clarifying the process of peer review the questions are explained but frequent and reference to the advantages becomes, disadvantages and like improving the process, as well as its importance, considering that all the investigations would have to be put under this process, for its previous validation to the publication. On the other hand, the present situation in Latin America comments, in order to establish measures that help the improvement of the process. Finally, we commented the present parameters in relation to the process of peer review and their methodology...

Las publicaciones electrónicas y su nivel de utilización en las Ciencias Médicas / Electronic publications and their level of use in Medical Sciences

Se realizó una investigación de corte transversal y descriptiva con el objetivo de definir el nivel de utilización de las publicaciones electrónicas a 60 usuarios de la red de información de Ciencias Médicas. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta cerrada, anónima y voluntaria sobre el uso de estas publicaciones. La mayoría de los usuarios encuestados conocen y acceden a estas con una frecuencia quincenal de utilización, realizando nuestros profesionales y técnicos de la información un número considerable de adiestramientos, los servicios prestados son valorados por casi la totalidad de los usuarios como bueno. Se recomienda incrementar en centros hospitalarios y unidades de la red; tecnología avanzada para acceder a las publicaciones electrónicas, así como cursos de adiestramientos en la gestión de la información para satisfacer de manera óptima las necesidades de nuestros usuarios.

A descriptive cross - sectional research was made aimed at defining the level of use of electronic publications to 60 users of Medical Science Information Network conducting a closed anonymous and voluntary survey on the use of these publications. Most of the surveyed users know and accede to these publications every 15 days having our professionals and techniques on Information Technology a remarkable number of training courses. The offered service is considered good by almost the total of the users. It is recommended to increase advance technology in hospitals and units connected to the network in order to accede to electronic publications as well as training courses to optimally meet our user´s needs.

Discussion on advantages and disadvantages of frequent cervical regulating manipulation from spinal biomechanics / 中华中医药杂志

Cervical regulating manipulation is based on the extrinsic active system and intrinsic support system. Only when the former system is relaxed, can the motive force of regulating manipulation reach the latter system to extend the vertebral discs and regulate the posterior joints. Frequent cervical regulating manipulation can stretch soft tissue around the joint and enlarge activity of joint and make it soft from subjective views, but it isn’t proved by experiment. From the aspect of spinal biomechanics, cervical regulating manipulation has advantages and disadvantages, so it should be used according to certain standard, or it will cut down the self-regulation activity of spinal biomechanics.

Graduates' Disadvantages of Employment and Countermeasure / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper analyzes the reasons of the graduates'disadvantages of obtaining jobs,brings forward the countermeasures,emphasizing the cultivation of the students'ability and quality so that the graduates can have more employment chance.

Treatment of Fracture of Shaft of Humerus by Ender Nailing / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Authors presented the experience of Ender nail treatment for the humeral shaft fractures in 24 patients. The results of treatment in all were satisfactory, though there were four cases of delayed union. Bridging callus was formed at 8.2 weeks on an average. The average clinical union time was 14 weeks. No complications developed during nailing procedure. A case of radial nerve palsy after fracture recovered spontaneously. Longer nails which hit the end of medullary canal of distal fragment distracted the fracture gap, and resulted in delayed union in 4 cases. Therefore, it is recommended to use the proper size of nail to avoid the distraction effect of the inserted nail, and to use two nails at minimum for better fixation. However, when intramedullary Ender nailing is properly done, single nailing also can give consistently good anatomic and functional results.