The impact of serving in disaster relief among volunteers in Malaysia / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Malaysian disaster relief volunteers have a long and proud history of participating in relief missions within and outside the country. Despite of a plethora of researches into the various areas of disaster relief, there has been a little scholarly activity looking into the experiences of the medical volunteers worldwide and even less research on the experiences of the relief volunteers in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of disaster relief works on volunteers in Malaysia.@*METHODS@#This is a non-experimental cross-sectional design study, which was conducted using survey questionnaire to examine the incidence of burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) among the disaster relief volunteers. And the study also examined the socio-demographic variables of the participants. In addition, the association between the sociodemographic variable and the preferred coping strategies was also investigated through self-reporting checklist.@*RESULTS@#The findings of this study revealed that 90.9% volunteers (n = 312) experienced some levels of recurring stress throughout their lives, which led to burnout. Also, 96.8% (n = 332) of the participants were categorized as having at least some symptoms of PTSD. However, self-reporting QOL measurements indicated that the participants are, in general, satisfied with their lives. Significant associations between the incidence of burnout, incidence of PTSD and QOL were identified. Both positive coping measures and behavioral or avoidant coping measures were also identified. Furthermore, a number of socio-demographic factors were also seen to interact significantly with burnout, PTSD and QOL.@*CONCLUSION@#This study provides some insights into the psychological challenges of disaster relief volunteers in Malaysia, and this impact can last a long time after the volunteers return to their hometowns. Several recommendations including practice development, policy and research were discussed in the study.

Application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in medical rescue / 医疗卫生装备

An introduction was first given to the advantages and application status of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the field of medical rescue. Then, the latest worldwide application and research status of multi-rotor UAV in this field were analyzed according to available research. On this basis, the application prospects of multi-rotor UAV in the scenarios of medical rescue field were assumed. Finally, it was pointed out that multi-rotor UAV would show more functions in medical rescue field owing to various technological development and breakthrough, signifying the bright deepening application prospect of multi-rotor UAV.

Study on the establishment of disaster information and rescue network / 中国实用护理杂志

Through analyzing the extant problems and application demand in disaster rescue, the realized idea and the overall function request of the disaster rescue information web platform was proposed. It gives emphasis to the overall frame,the key point and the major function. The information web platform composed by a single command center, integrates first aid, fire, public security and transportation departments into a unified system,using network communication technology, which can help realize the cooperation between different emergency teams. This new model can stimulate multiple departments to act together in the first time, filter the personnel and institutions involved in the rescue more intelligently, configure human resources to match the disaster level automatically, and realize the transformation between normal and natural disasters successfully on the same platform. The realization of the platform provides effective, efficient and timely joint action to further improve disaster rescue emergency response capacity.

Simulation of Disaster Relief:Active Learning on Roles of Rescuers and Sufferers / 医学教育

We have conducted an active learning session for participants in various fields using a scenario in which university students encountered a great earthquake during a field trip. The program was unique because it not only gave participants an opportunity to simulate providing support, it also allowed them to simulate receiving support.

Research status and development tendency of unmanned aerial vehicles for casualty evacuation / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology for casualty evacuation in disaster rescue.Methods The research status of casualty evacuation using unmanned aerial vehicles was described in the disaster medical rescue,and several UAVs involved in casualty evacuation were introduced.According to different dynamic structures,casualty evacuation UAVs were divided into four types,such as traditional rotor helicopter,multi-rotor aircraft,ducted fan aircraft,compound aircraft.Meanwhile,the load capacity and flight speed of involved UAVs were analyzed.Results The advantages of casualty evacuation UAVs in the previous researches related were summarized,with the problems and technical difficulty discussed.Furthermore,the development tendencies of casualty evacuation UAVs were predicted.Conclusion Casualty evacuation UAVs can transport the wounded to the professional medical institutions outside of the disaster scene instead of rescue crews,to reduce the casualty rate of rescuers and avoid secondary damage of the injured personnel,with accurate point to point casualty evacuation.

Medical team arrangement and practice during fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To summarize the practices of national emergency medical rescue team in the fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise.Methods The establishing principle and training mode of national emergency medical rescue team were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the team were described in the preparation for exercise and rescue practice.Results The experience in Malaysia improved the team in emergency support.Conclusion The medical preparedness and rescue practice in transnational disaster relief are of great value for rapid response of national emergency medical rescue team.

Stressors of Korean Disaster Relief Team Members during the Nepal Earthquake Dispatch: a Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis

We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 Korean Disaster Relief Team (KDRT) members about stress related to disaster relief work and analyzed the interview data using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method in order to evaluate difficulties in disaster relief work and to develop solutions to these problems in cooperation with related organizations. Results showed that members typically experienced stress related to untrained team members, ineffective cooperation, and the shock and aftermath of aftershock experiences. Stress tended to stem from several factors: difficulties related to cooperation with new team members, the frightening disaster experience, and the aftermath of the disaster. Other stressors included conflict with the control tower, diverse problems at the disaster relief work site, and environmental factors. The most common reason that members participated in KDRT work despite all the stressors and difficulties was pride about the kind of work it involved. Many subjects in this study suffered from various stresses after the relief work, but they had no other choice than to attempt to forget about their experiences over time. It is recommended that the mental health of disaster relief workers will improve through the further development of effective treatment and surveillance programs in the future.

Nursing strategies of casualty treatment in huge blast / 中华医院管理杂志

This article reviewed the measures taken by the hospital against a catastrophic fire hazard and exploration in its response and work organization of nursing care of the wounded.Proposed in this paper are development of such five systems as the pre-plan,exercises,personnel,quality control and incentives,which are expected to improve the nursing capacity of the hospital in emergency rescue,for sustainable development of nursing emergency rescue work.

Research and Development of Practical Medical Records for International Disaster Relief Operations—Proposal of the IDR Medical Record 2012— / 国際保健医療

<B>Introduction</B><BR>Large-scale natural disasters occur often all over the world. Japan participates in international disaster relief (IDR) operations regularly. Effective IDR medical recording procedures are very important in confusing disaster situations. IDR medical records must be succinct, only containing what is necessary. However, they must have enough information for patients' analysis and evaluation later.<BR>The authors investigated what contents are important for effective IDR medical records, and offer a proposal for a standardized record format.<BR><B>Methods</B><BR>In 2005 and 2006, the authors mailed a self-administered questionnaire to survey 51 doctors and nurses who had participated in IDR in the past about what is important for IDR medical records. The IDR Medical Record 2008 format was produced using the results. To evaluate its usefulness, the authors later interviewed 10 specialists of disaster medicine regarding their assessment of the previously proposed IDR Medical Record 2008 format.<BR><B>Results</B><BR>In the first investigation, focused on people who responded to the survey, more than half valued the following features of IDR medical records: "Well organized," "Simple and easy," "Entry language," "Easy to read," "Meets international standards," "Body diagram," "Easy symptom entry," "Durability" and "Combined with prescription." On the other hand, less than half of the participants indicated that they valued: "Compatibility with other organizations," "Electronic file," and "Combined with examination records."<BR>For the second investigation, the authors prepared the IDR Medical Record 2008 format by using the result of the first investigation. Then, the authors made the IDR Medical Record 2012 format based on the results of the interviews.<BR><B>Conclusions</B><BR>The authors proposed the IDR Medical Record 2012 format, which is a practical and effective medical record format for IDR operations.

Faced with the Great East Japan Earthquake and Disaster : Actions taken by the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine (JARM) / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

The 9.0-magnitude under sea megathrust earthquake and the subsequent extremely destructive tsunami waves on March 11 2011 brought an extensive and severe disaster to the Tohoku and Kanto areas. This natural disaster has been markedly complicated by a series of nuclear power plant failures, leading to radioactive contamination, power shortages and ungrounded rumors. Faced with this most difficult crisis, the JARM set up an earthquake disaster headquarters, and has so far taken the following actions, with an emphasis on supporting its members in the disaster stricken areas, preventing immobilization syndromes and providing necessary rehabilitation services for the frail elderly and persons with disabilities, in collaboration with other specialists organizations, local and central governments : 1) Activities in the disaster zone including support of the physiatrists there, dispatch of JARM members, medical caravans for isolated home-dwelling persons with disabilities, and relief activities as a part of multidisciplinary specialists teams ; 2) Organizing a nation-wide system for transferring persons needing rehabilitation and care services ; 3) Activities in the non-disaster areas for victims relocated from the disaster zone ; 4) Information support services to collect and provide useful information ; 5) Proposals to the government for enlightenment of the importance of rehabilitation disaster relief and for relaxation of regulations for eligibility for rehabilitation and care services. The scope of the disaster is too extensive, both in magnitude and geographical area, and too complex. The situation on the ground and the needs of affected persons are constantly changing. Therefore, well-coordinated, creative, and long-term efforts will be needed, and the JARM is determined to be actively involved in the reconstruction process.

Health reconstruction after Wenchuan Earthquake / 第二军医大学学报

Health reconstruction is an important part of post-earthquake reconstruction task. To do a better job in health reconstruction after a disaster, we should, based on previous experience and the characteristics of different periods, properly utilize the health resources for the disaster relief and exercise long-term management. And in a long run, we should, taking into consideration of the future health demands, plan the health reconstruction in the disaster areas. Emphasis should be made on the personnel training for epidemic prevention. Efforts should be made to fully recover the health system in the disaster area and the recovered health system should be better than that before disaster.

Experience of Guaranteeing Medical Supplies in the State of Emergency / 医疗卫生装备

The development history, the features and laws of guaranteeing medical supplies under emergency situation are introduced briefly. The allocation of resources, the key factors in management and the technique supply are described. By looking at the trend and the future work on how to guarantee medical supplies in the state of emergency, some conclusions can be made: guaranteeing medieal supplies in the state of emergency is a whole new field. Only when the experience is accumulated, and when the eoneepts and techniques from foreign countries are learned, the supplies for clinical and first aid to be delivered safely and in time can be guaranteed. Thus, the number of lives saved will be maximized.

The Role of Nurses in International Disaster Relief Operations: / 国際保健医療

When participating in international disaster relief operations (IDR), medical staff must work under limited human resources and medical equipment. The actual role of a nurse in IDR has not yet been clarified, while the role of a doctor is relatively clear.<br>In this study, we have examined the actual role of nurses in IDR through a survey by questionnaire to 61 medical staff who have worked in past IDR. Full usable responses were received from 50 (82%) of them. These 50 were consisted of 24 doctors, 17 nurses, and 9 medical coordinators. The questionnaire was distributed from September 1 to December 31 in 2005. We investigated 17 activities reported variously in the literature;-setting up temporary medical facilities, inside arrangements, health care of the medical staff, coordination within the team, keeping medical records, performing triage, wound irrigation, debridement, performing incisions, removing stitches, suturing, reception of patients, medical interview of patients, assisting a doctor performing medical examination and treatment, management of commodities, management of medical waste, management of medical records, and conventional nursing care. The questionnaire asked the respondent to indicate a level of appropriate for a nurse to perform each of the activities in IDR.<br>Provided that the nurse had a basic national licence in nursing and IDR education and training, then triage and wound irrigation were each considered appropriate during IDR with a doctor supervising, beyond the conventional nursing role. But suturing, performing incisions, removing stitches, and debridement were each considered to be problematic for nurses.