Effect of the general reform on county-level hospitals′ financial performance: a case study / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the impact of the comprehensive reform of public hospitals on the economic operation of county-level hospitals, by taking a county-level hospital as an example.Methods:The hospital launched the public hospital general reform in 2014. The hospital information system, hospital resource planning system and cost accounting information system collected the data of hospital business operation, expenditure/revenue, reimbursement for revenue loss due to " drug zero price gap" policy, charges and costs from 2014 to 2019, which were used to calculate the cost of medical service items and disease costs. The hospital′s service volume, changes in medical expenses, income structure, balance of revenue and expenditure and the compensation level for the zero difference rate of drugs were analyzed by descriptive analysis, and the actual charge and cost difference of medical service items and diseases were analyzed by comparative analysis.Results:Compared with 2014, the number of outpatient/emergency, surgery and discharge in 2019 increased by 31.51%, 40.21% and 12.21% respectively, and the average hospitalization cost increased by 4.39%. The proportion of drug cost and material cost decreased by 4.27 and 1.78 percentage points respectively, the proportion of laboratory tests and examinations cost increased by 3.15 and 3.98 percentage points respectively. Changes in the proportion of expenses reflecting the value of technical labor services, such as surgery, treatment, diagnosis and nursing, were all less than 0.60 percentage points. Since 2017, the business expenditure of the hospital had exceeded the income. The proportion of drug income reduced due to " drug zero price gap" policy compensated by medical service income had decreased from 82.00% in 2015 to 58.63% in 2019, and 66.82% of medical service items were defective items. In addition to type 2 diabetes, the actual charges of the 9 main " list" diseases were lower than the standard cost accounting values.Conclusions:After the comprehensive reform of medical price, there may be a large revenue/expenditure gap in a short term, and the cost may be higher than the charges. When formulating the comprehensive reform policy of regional pharmaceutical prices, we should consider the superposition effect of the policies implemented in the same period, and strengthen the short-term financial responsiveness, to provide space for public hospitals to gradually adapt to the reform.

Analysis of diseases incurring poverty and its cost burden in Nanyang city of Henan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To investigate the disease types incurring poverty, patient population layout, and cost burden by poor households due to illness. Methods During the time August 17-24,2017, App questionnaires were used onsite for data survey at 2 824 poor hourseholds in Nanyang city of Henan province, in order to learn the impacts of the poverty-causing diseases on the labor capacity of the patients and the cost burdens. Such methods as descriptive analysis, rank sum test and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results The survey found that 61.79 percent(1 745 households) of the poor households turned poor by illness, most of them aged 40 to 60 years old. The ten disease categories, namely cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumor, ischemic heart diseases and mental diseases, constitute top disease causes of poverty. These diseases significantly damage their labor capacity, up to 37.67% of them totally disabled. The self-paid expenses of the patients per year accounted for 57.22% of the total annual expenses. Conclusions Medical insurance policies need to elevate the scope and efforts of medical compensation;public health services need to improve health promotion and health education; government supervision needs to be enhanced to keep minimizing patients′disease burdens.

Costo institucional de la crisis hipertensiva en el policlínico "Antonio Maceo" / Institutional cost of hypertensive crisis in the Antonio Maceo polyclinic

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial afecta la salud de las poblaciones en todas las partes del mundo. Representa por sí misma una enfermedad y también un factor de riesgo para otras afecciones cardiovasculares. Su impacto es en el área de la epidemiología, la salud pública, y en el aspecto económico. Objetivo: determinar el costo institucional de la atención al paciente con crisis hipertensiva en el servicio urgencia del policlínico "Antonio Maceo" de La Habana en el primer semestre del año 2008. Métodos: se realizó un estudio del tipo de descripción de costos. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue el costo de la enfermedad, siguiendo los pasos recomendados en la Guía Metodológica para las Evaluaciones Económicas en Salud en Cuba. Los costos fueron expresados en pesos cubanos no convertibles del año 2008. La perspectiva de análisis adoptada fue la institucional. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 216 pacientes. En el cálculo del costo total institucional se consideraron las variables: costo por medicamentos, por medios diagnósticos, por salarios, entre otras. Resultados: se estudiaron 209 pacientes con urgencia hipertensiva (96,8 por ciento) y 7 con emergencia hipertensiva (3,2 por ciento). El costo total de la atención del paciente con crisis hipertensiva ascendió a 5 451,68 pesos en moneda nacional y el costo promedio por paciente fue de 25,23. Conclusiones: el costo mayor en la atención al paciente con crisis hipertensiva estuvo relacionado con el salario directo. La adecuada dispensarización y tratamiento de los pacientes hipertensos pudiera disminuir el costo de la atención médica.

Introduction: high blood pressure affects the health of populations at world scale. By itself represent a disease and a risk factor for other cardiovascular affections. Its impact is on the epidemiology, public health areas and in the economic feature. Objective: to determine the institutional cost of the patient care with hypertensive crisis in the emergency service of the "Antonio Maceo" polyclinic of La Habana during the first semester of 2008. Methods: a cost description study was conducted. The methodological approach used was that of disease cost, following the rules recommended in Methodological Guide for Health Economic Assessments of Cuba. Costs were expressed in non-convertible Cuban pesos of 2008. Analysis perspective adopted was the institutional one. Study universe included 216 patients. In the estimation of institutional total cost the following variable were considered: drug, diagnostic means, wages costs among others. Results: authors studied 209 patients diagnosed with hypertensive urgency (96,8 percent) and 7 with hypertensive emergency (3,2 percent). Total cost of patient care with hypertensive crisis rose to 5 451 68 pesos in national money and the mean cost by patient was of 25,23. Conclusions: the higher cost in patient care with hypertensive crisis was related to the net wage. The appropriate dispensarization and treatment of hypertensive patients could to decrease the medical care cost.

Fundamentos de los estudios de costo de la enfermedad: valoración actual del costo del glaucoma / Basic principles of study of disease costs: current assessment of glaucoma cost

INTRODUCCION: los estudios del costo de la enfermedad consisten en una estimación cuantificada y valorada en unidades monetarias de un conjunto de efectos de una enfermedad, un grupo de enfermedades o de un factor de riesgo, sobre los recursos, y sobre otras variables que tienen un efecto presumible sobre el bienestar de los individuos y la sociedad. OBJETIVOS: explicar los fundamentos generales de los estudios de costo de la enfermedad, y describir el estado actual de un caso particular, del glaucoma. MÉTODOS: se aplicó el modelo Big 6 desarrollado por Mike Eisenberg y Bob Berkoeitz, como método sistemático de solución de problemas de información, apoyada en el pensamiento crítico, para realizar la búsqueda de bibliografía. RESULTADOS: los estudios del costo de la enfermedad se consideran un estudio parcial, o bien un tipo de ejercicio de preevaluación que puede servir de punto de partida de estudios de evaluación propiamente dichos. Los estudios sobre las implicaciones socioeconómicas del glaucoma, refieren que los costos de la atención al paciente aumentan a medida que empeora esta enfermedad, y que la efectividad en el tratamiento al paciente y el retraso en la progresión de la enfermedad, pueden reducir significativamente la carga económica del glaucoma. CONCLUSIONES: los estudios de costo de la enfermedad pueden demostrar que las enfermedades requieren una mayor asignación de recursos para la prevención y para el tratamiento, y ayudarán a influir en las decisiones sobre las prioridades de investigación y monitorear el impacto de iniciativas de políticas en la salud visual

INTRODUCTION: studies of disease costs are an quantified valuation and assessed in monetary units of a series of disease effects, a group of diseases or of a risk factor on the resources and on other variables with a likely effect on the subject and society wellbeing. OBJECTIVES: to explain the general the basic principles of studies of disease cost and to describe the current state of a particular case of the glaucoma. METHODS: Big 6 form was applied developed by Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkoeitz, as a systemic method of information problems solution supported in the critical thought to carry out the search of reference. RESULTS: the disease cost studies are a partial study or a type of pre-evaluation exercise that may to be the starting point of evaluation studies as such. The studies on the socioeconomic implications of glaucoma showed that the costs of patient care increase according to the worsening of disease and that the activity in patient treatment and a retard in the disease progression may to reduce significantly the economic burden of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: the disease cost studies may to demonstrate that diseases require a major resources allocation to prevention and to treatment and will help to influence in the decisions on the research priorities and to monitoring the impact of initiative of politics in visual health

Application of clinical pathway in the management of single disease cost / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the application of clinical pathway in the management of single disease cost. Methods Inpatients with breast cancer from June 2006 to June 2007 were divided into the test group and the control group according to different payment models.Patients in the test group had medical insurance while patients in the control group did not.The general data in the two groups had no statistical difference.The test group were given nursing intervention by clinical pathway while the control group received routine nursing measures. Results The mean inhospital days,mean days waiting for operations and mean inhospital expenses in the test group were shorter or lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The mastering degree of health knowledge and the satisfaction degree of patients in the test group were higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The application of chnical pathway in the single disease cost patients with medical insurance could effectively control the medical expenses and guarantee the quality.So we consider that the application of clinical pathway in single disease cost is applicable.