Exploration on retention time of urokinase after performing lateral ventricle drainage in the ;treatment of severe ventricular hemorrhage / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of retention time of urokinase on hematoma dissipation in the treatment of severe ventricular hemorrhage by lateral ventricle drainage. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with severe ventricular hemorrhage and having received bilateral ventriculostomy were retrospectively analyzed. These patients was divided into 3 groups according to the retention time of urokinase: A group (20 patients, retention time 1 h), B group (22 patients, retention time 2 h) , and C group (20 patients , retention time 3 h).The number of patients with complete hematoma dissipation at different time in each group were compared. Results At 5-6 d, 7-9 d and 10-12 d after operation, the number of hematoma dissipation in A group was 2, 5, 13 cases, in B group was 5, 13, 4 cases, and in C g group was 3, 13, 4 cases. The number of hematoma dissipation patients in three groups had significant difference (P=0.008), the number of hematoma dissipation patients between A group and B group, and between A group and C group had significant differences (P=0.005, 0.012), but there was no significant difference between B group and C group (P=0.621). The complication rate in three groups had no significant difference (χ2=2.540, P=0.281). Conclusions The 2 h retention time of urokinase is more suitable for the patients with severe ventricular hemorrhage who underwent external drainage.

Dissipation dynamics of spirodiclofen in wolfberry fruit / 中国中药杂志

The dissipation of spirodiclofen in fresh fruit and dry fruit of wolfberry was detected in this study to provide a reference for its safe application.According to Pesticide Residue Test Criteria of China, the open-field experiment was conducted in Zhongning courty of Ningxia province, and the dissipation of spirodiclofen was studied by acetonitrile extraction and HPLC-MS/MS detection. The results showed that the half-lives of spirodiclofen in fresh wolfberry fruit and dry wolfberry fruit were 6.9-11.2 days and 8.5-10.4 days, respectively. Spirodiclofen belongs to the easily degradable pesticide type. According to the maximum residue limits (0.5 mg•kg⁻¹) of spirodiclofen of EU for wolfberry, after recommended dosage being sprayed for once, fresh wolfberry fruit was safe to eat after 5 days, and dry wolfberry fruit was safe to eat after 21 days.

"Discussion on ""Fire Stagnation Requiring Dissipation""" / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]To explore the basic connotation of “fire stagnation requiring dissipation”and analyse ancient physicians' discussion about the fever, in order to expand its application in the clinical treatment.[Method] Using the method of conceptual thinking to explain the etiology and pathology of“fire stagnation”,the specific connotation of“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”,collecting ancient physicians' exposition on“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”,and listing the relevant prescriptions in order to deepen the thinking.[Result] Fire stagnation produces nothing more than exogenous ,internal injuries,the mechanism is in the human body, the anger's ascending-descending and coming in-going out is out of balance by some factors ,the anger stagnates and can't get out. Neijing first recorded“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”,that is treating the fire stagnation disease needs making the gas opening,lifting,entry becomes coordinate,finally the body goes back to health. In the Shang Han Lun, Zhang Zhongjing expounded the meanings and mechanism of“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”perfectly. Since Jin and Yuan Dynasties, ancient physicians have come up with several prescriptions and have promoted the development of the doctrine.[Conclusion] Since the Neijing proposed the theory of“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”,physicians' understanding of fire stagnation syndrome has been gradually deepening,and provided a broader ideas for clinical treatment.In recent years,the theory of“fire stagnation requiring dissipation”is widely used in various kinds of diseases,its academic value is worth summarizing,inheritance,extension.

Dissipation Pattern of Profenophos in Tomato.

Field experiment was carried out during kharif, 2012 to evaluate the dissipation pattern of most commonly used insecticide profenophos 50 EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 with two sprays of insecticide, first given after fruit initiation and the second spray 10 days later and collecting the fruits at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 days after last spray, and analysed for residues using the validated QuEChERS method. The initial deposits of 1.16 mg kg-1 profenophos detected on tomato sprayed with profenophos @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 were dissipated by 42.24% (0.67 mg kg-1) by 1st day, 56% (0.51 mg kg-1) by 3rd day, 73.25% (0.31 mg kg-1) by 5th day and below determination level (0.05 mg kg-1) by 7th day. A safe waiting period of 1 day is recommended considering Maximum Residues Limits (10 mg kg-1) of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).

Dissipation Pattern of Bifenthrin in Tomato.

Field experiment carried out during kharif, 2012 to evaluate the dissipation pattern of most commonly used insecticide bifenthrin 10 EC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 with two sprays of insecticide first given after fruit initiation and the second spray 10 days later and collecting the fruits at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 days after last spray, and analysed for residues using the validated QuEChERS method. The initial deposits of bifenthrin were 0.85 mg kg-1 which dissipated to 0.39, 0.15 mg kg-1 by 1st and 3rd day after last spray, respectively, and to BDL by 5th day. Bifenthrin initial deposits were dissipated to 82.35% by 3rd day after last spray, and pre-harvest interval of 3 days is suggested taking into consideration of MRLs of bifenthrin in tomato (0.3 mg kg-1) as per Codex Alimentarius Commission.

A New Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measuring Method with Expansive Frequency Range and Broadband Adaptive Response Capacity / 分析化学

In order to solve the problems of present quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) measuring instruments, such as high demand for crystal cutting technology and uncomprehensive measurements for crystal parameters, a modified quadrature demodulation-based method was proposed with broadband adaptive response capacity and high frequency resolution. Moreover, it is also capable of measuring both resonant frequencies and dissipation factor D synchronously and continuously. Experimental results at room temperature indicated that the adaptive frequency range was 1-9 MHz while the frequency resolution was less than 1 Hz, measured resonance frequency shifts of crystals in the range scale linearly with the equal thickness increments of poly acrylic acid ( PAA) membrane on the working electrode, and with the volatilization of different solvent factor D is measured continuously and effectively along the time axis. To sum up, compared with traditional ones, this new method has lower material cost and more obtained parameters.

Structural and ecophysiological alterations of the water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] due to anthropogenic stress in Brazilian rivers

In this work, the structural and ecophysiological alterations (chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments), and quantification of Cr, Pb and Zn in the leaf limb, petiole and younger and older roots of water hyacinth from the lower, medium and upper Paraíba do Sul river (PSR) and Imbé river were evaluated. The plants from the medium and upper PSR (more industrialized and populated regions) exhibited lower turgid cell in the root cortex, less root hairs and leaf epidermis, chloroplasts with plastoglobules and increased stroma volume. Higher concentrations of metals were observed in the younger and older roots from the medium PSR plants. The results suggested that the plants from more anthropized regions were able to maintain the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) which was a result from the metabolic fitting, increasing the non-photochemical quenching, reducing total chlorophyll/carotenoids and leading to the structural modifications.

Relationship between xanthophyll cycle and non-photochemical quenching in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in response to light stress.

Thirty days old rice plants grown under low and moderate light conditions were transferred to full sunlight to observe the extent of photoinhibitory damage and protective mechanism, and the relationship between xanthophyll cycle and non-photochemical quenching (qN) under changing light environment. Control plants (low, moderate and sun grown) exhibited similar Fv/Fm ratio, indicating similar photosynthetic efficiency prior to light stress. On exposure to the high light treatment, low light grown plants exhibited faster and higher degree of photoinhibition compared to moderate and high light grown plants. Moderate and high light grown plants showed relatively less photoinhibition and also showed higher qN, indicating better capacity of energy dissipation. Increase in qN in moderate light and sun grown plants was accompanied by conversion of violaxanthin (V) to antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) indicating operation of Z-dependent thermal dissipation. Rice plants fed with ascorbate (AsA), a stimulator of the de-epoxidation state of V to Z, showed higher Fv/Fm ratio and qN than the plants fed with dithiothreitol (DTT) an inhibitor of xanthophyll cycle. This indicated that an increased amount of energy reached PS II reaction centre, due to absence of A and Z formation, thereby causing greater damage to photosynthesis in DTT fed rice plants. The present data confirmed the relationship between qN and Z in dissipating the excess light energy, thereby protecting plants against photodamage.

Photoinhibition and photosynthetic acclimation of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jyothi) plants grown under different light intensities and photoinhibited under field conditions.

Thirty-days old rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Jyothi) plants grown under the greenhouse (150-200 µmol m-2 s-1) or shade (600-800 µmol m-2s-1) were exposed to 7 days of full sunlight and compared with plants grown under direct sunlight (1200-2200 µmol m-2s-1).Transfer of greenhouse and shade plants to full sunlight for a day resulted in a decline in their photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and an increase in non-photochemical quenching (qN). The decline in Fv/Fm was much greater in transferred greenhouse plants (33%) as compared to transferred shade-plants (20%). Sun-plants did not show much variation in the Fv/Fm ratio (4%) from their predawn measurements (control). The sun-grown plants showed a higher pool of xanthophyll pigments (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin). Transfer of greenhouse and shade-plants to full sunlight resulted in an increase in lutein, Chl a/b ratio, antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) content. Increase in A and Z was correlated with the increase in the qN. The increase in the A and Z content was due to increase in the activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Greenhouse and shade plants on exposure to sunlight showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Prolonged exposure of greenhouse and shade plants up to 7 days resulted in recovery of the Fv/Fm, an increase in Z and A and a decline in the LPO. The study demonstrated that rice plants grown at lower light intensities initially underwent photoinhibitory damage on exposure to full sunlight, but were able to acclimate to the high irradiance by dissipating the excess light through various mechanisms such as an increase in lutein, high Chl a/b ratio and xanthophyll cycle, suggesting use of energy dissipation as a mechanism of protection against high irradiance, but to different extent and to some extent by different processes. The study was unique, as plants were grown and photoinhibited under natural conditions rather than the artificial light, as was the case in most of the studies so far. Results showed better adaptation of high-light grown plants and suggested role for chl a/b ratio and lutein, in addition to xanthophylls cycle in shade plants. Low-light grown plants could also completely adapt to full level of sunlight within 3 days of the treatment and xanthophylls cycle (measured as V, A and Z) and activity of de-epoxidase seemed to be important in this adaptation.

A Comparison of Sap Flow Measurements and Potometry in Two Tropical Lowland Tree Species with Contrasting Wood Properties

We evaluated the performance of the Heat Dissipation Technique (HDT) to measure sap flow in whole trees by comparison with potometric water uptake. Two tropical lowland species, Ochroma lagopus (balsa), a pioneer species with light wood and Hyeronima alchorneoides (pilón), a late-successional species with hard wood were examined. Diurnal courses of sap flow measured with the HDT showed good agreement with potometry. At the low sap flow rates (below 1 Kg h-1) occurring during nocturnal recharge HDT consistently underestimated sap flow rates. This resulted in the failure of the current version of the HDT to measure nocturnal water uptake, an important component of the water budget of at least one of the two species examined.

Latent fire theory / 中华中医药杂志

In Key to Therapeutics of Children,s Diseases, compiled by QIAN Yi in Song Dynasty, Xiebaisan and Xiehuangsan were used to treat heat syndrome of zang-fu. According to that academic thinking, the later generations proposed the theory of latent fire, yin f ire, stagnant fire, and the latent fire theory was the most prevalent. In clinics, the author treated chronic infectious diseases with latent fire theory, it achieved obvious curative effect. This article discussed his clinical experience from the aspects of literature analysis, identification of concept, development of pathogenesis, symptoms and signs, medication feature.

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Soil Rhizosphere Spiked with Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

Experimental evaluation of the ventilatin heat dissipation of high altitude partial pressure suit and FTF-2 air ventilation suit / 解放军医学杂志

Objective In order to provide important theoretical basis for further improving design of DC-7/7A high altitude partial pressure suit and FTF-2 air ventilation suit (named as A suit and B suit), the performance of ventilating heat dissipation of DC-7/7A and FTF-2 was studied. Methods Five healthy volunteers were enrolled to took participate in A group and B group tests. Environmental weather conditions for A and B suits were set at Tdb 40℃ and 45℃,rh 45% and 40% respectively, and the test time was 90min and 120 min respectively. Results During the test for A group and B group, Ts ranged from 31.5℃ to 34.5℃ for human comfort. Average skin temperatures of the lower part of the body were from 33.1℃ to 33.8℃. Skin temperatures of the legs did not obviously change or slightly lowered. Heart rate showed an increase of 12 beats/min and 14 beats/min. Sweat quantities were measured to be 0.288?0.056kg/1.5h and 0.445kg?0.077 kg/2h respectively. Evaporation rates were 77.4?3.6% and 84.2?2.4% respectively. Subjective uncomfortable sensation was more obvious as test time went on. Conclusion The results of the ventilating heat dissipation for both groups were quite good, but the findings suggested that the number of the ventilating holes for some important sites should shall be re-considered. Pilots wearing A group and B group with ventilation function would still suffer from mild heat stress and obvious subjective discomfort in hot enviroment.

Influence of the Detoxification and Dissipation Blood Stasis Formula Ⅱ on Hepatic Mitochondria Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Hepatic Failure / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of TCM Granules of the detoxification and dissipation blood stasis formula Ⅱon fulminant hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in rats with hepatic failure.METHODS:The fulminant hepatic failure rat models were established by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide (TAA).48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:blank control group,model group,low dose group,medium dose group,high dose group,the lactulose treatment group,and the "Bezoar pill for resurrection" treatment group.Intragastric administration was executed 3 d before model-making,twice per day with the interval of 12 hours.They were administered for 11times.12 hours after model establishment.MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH、NO and liver necrosis area in hepatic mitochondria were determined.RESULTS:The detoxification and dissipation blood stasis formula Ⅱcould notably reduce liver necrosis area and restrain produce of hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidatide MDA,retrieve the activity of SOD、CAT and increase the content of GSH,NO.Moreover it shows dose-effect relation.Compared with model group,there is statistical significance(P