Reabilitação Cardíaca na Pessoa Transplantada com Distrofia Muscular de Emery-Dreifuss / Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Transplanted Person with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy

Resumo A distrofia muscular de Emery-Dreifuss é uma doença neuromuscular hereditária rara. Suas manifestações começam principalmente na infância. As manifestações mais frequentes são fraqueza muscular progressiva, atrofia que geralmente se inicia na região escápulo-vertebral, estendendo-se posteriormente para a cintura pélvica e rigidez da coluna vertebral. Os pacientes também podem manifestar envolvimento cardíaco como palpitações, síncope, intolerância ao exercício, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e distúrbios variáveis do ritmo cardíaco. 1 - 3 A presença e a gravidade dessas manifestações podem variar de acordo com o indivíduo e os subtipos da doença. 2 O envolvimento cardíaco é a característica mais preocupante desta doença, havendo alguns relatos da necessidade de transplante cardíaco nesta distrofia. 4

Abstract Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease. Its manifestations begin primarily in childhood. The most frequent manifestations are progressive muscle weakness, atrophy that usually begins in the scapula-vertebral region, extending later to the pelvic girdle, and spinal stiffness. Patients can also manifest cardiac involvement as palpitations, syncope, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure, and variable heart rhythm disturbances.1 - 3 The presence and severity of these manifestations can vary according to the individual and the disease's subtypes. 2 Cardiac involvement is the most worrisome feature of this disease, and there are some reports of the need for heart transplantation in this dystrophy. 4

Distrofia muscular de Becker con duplicación en el exón 5 del gen DMD / Becker muscular dystrophy with gene DMD exon 5 duplication

Las distrofinopatías son un grupo de enfermedades ligadas al cromosoma X que abarcan diferentes entidades, siendo las más importantes la distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) y la de Becker (DMB). Están causadas por mutaciones en el gen de la distrofina (gen DMD) localizado en el cromosoma X, locus Xp21.1. En relación con el tipo de mutaciones reportadas en el gen DMD, las delecciones y las mutaciones puntuales son las más comunes, mientras que las duplicaciones corresponden a 10-12%. Aunque las duplicaciones que abarcan el exón 5 ya han sido reportadas en la literatura, a la fecha no existen informes de casos que establezcan una relación genotipo fenotipo clara. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con distrofia muscular de Becker con un fenotipo no tan severo, en quien se encontró una duplicación en el exón 5. Con este caso pretendemos profundizar en la relación genotipo-fenotipo de la DMB, reportando las características clínicas en relación con la duplicación del exón 5 encontrada.

The dystrophinopathies are a group of X-linked genetic disorders. The most important forms of dystrophinopathies are Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). They are caused by mutations of the dystrophin-encoding DMD gene located on the X chromosome at Xp21.1. Among the type of gene DMD mutations reported, deletions and point mutations are the most common, while duplications occur in 10-12% of cases. Although duplications of exon 5 are already reported in the literature, to date there are no cases reported which establish a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. Here we present the case of a patient with Becker muscular dystrophy with a slightly milder phenotype, in whom exon 5 duplication was found. With this case report, we intend to highlight BMD genotype-phenotype correlation by describing BMD clinical features in relation with exon 5 duplication.