RESUMO
La tradición científica ha encontrado, en la transformación endocrina y en las condiciones ambientales, una explicación al consumo de drogas en la adolescencia, abriendo con ello la puerta a un tratamiento donde la subjetividad difícilmente ha sido leída como tal. La siguiente investigación propone comprender el periodo de la adolescencia como un proceso que, iniciándose en la pubertad, reactualiza los conflictos infantiles del sujeto, exigiendo de este, una reorganización psíquica que conduce a su subjetivación; situando desde esta visión al consumo de drogas como una posibilidad de sopesar o no, dicho advenimiento.
A tradição científica encontrou uma explicação para o consumo de drogas na adolescência, na transformação endócrina e nas condições ambientais, abrindo as portas para um tratamento em que a subjetividade dificilmente tem sido lida como tal. A pesquisa a seguir propõe compreender a adolescência como o processo que se inicia na puberdade e reativa os conflitos infantis do sujeito, demandando, dessa forma, uma reorganização psíquica que conduza à sua subjetivação; situando a partir desta visão o consumo de drogas como uma possibilidade de ponderar ou não dito advento.
The scientific tradition has found an explanation for the drug consumption in the adolescence, in the endocrine transformation and in the environmental conditions, opening the door to a treatment where the subjectivity has hardly been read as such. The following research proposes to understand adolescence as the process that begins at puberty, reactivates the infantile conflicts of the subject, thus demanding a psychic reorganization leading to its subjectivation; situating from this viewpoint, the consumption of drugs as a possibility to mourn or not that kind of situation.
La tradition scientifique a trouvé une explication pour la consommation des drogues pendant l'adolescence, dans la transformation endocrine et dans les conditions environnementales, ouvrant les portes à un traitement où la subjectivité difficilement a été lue comme telle. L'étude suivante propose de comprendre l'adolescence comme le processus qui commence à la puberté, déclenche les conflits de l'enfance du sujet, exigeant, ainsi, une réorganisation psychique qui mène à sa subjectivation; situant à partir de cette vision la consommation de drogues comme une possibilité de tristesse ou pas, dit l'avènement.
Die wissenschaftliche Tradition erklärt den Drogenkonsum bei Jugendlichen aufgrund der endokrinen Transformation und den Umweltbedingungen, was zu einer Behandlung führt, in der die Subjektivität kaum als solche gelesen wird. Die folgende Arbeit schlägt vor, die Adoleszenz als einen Prozess zu verstehen, der in der Pubertät beginnt, die kindlichen Konflikte des Subjekts reaktiviert und von diesem eine psychische Reorganisation verlangt, die zu seiner Subjektivierung führt. Aus dieser Sicht kann man den Drogenkonsum als einen Versuch betrachten, mit diesem Phänomen umzugehen.
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2?related factor 2 ( Nrf2)∕antioxidant response element( ARE) signaling pathway in inhibition of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)?induced inflammatory factor release from macrophages by hydrogen. Methods RAW264. 7 macrophages of mice were cultured in 6?well plates (2×106 cells∕well) and were divided into 4 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C); LPS group; hydrogen?rich saline+LPS group ( group LPS+H2); Nrf2 small interference RNA (siRNA)+LPS+hydrogen?rich saline group (siRNA+LPS+H2 group) . LPS 1 μg∕ml was added in group LPS. In group LPS+H2 , LPS 1μg∕ml was added, and the cul?ture medium was then replaced with the culture medium containing 0. 6 mmol∕L hydrogen?rich saline. In group siRNA+LPS+H2 , after Nrf2?siRN was successfully transfected into the cells, the cells were continu?ously incubated for 24 h, and the culture medium was then replaced with the culture medium containing 0.6 mmol∕L hydrogen?rich saline after LPS 1 μg∕ml was added. At 24 h of incubation, the supernatant was sep?arated for determination of the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (using colorimetric method) and for detection of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor?alpha ( TNF?α) , interleukin?1 beta ( IL?1β) , high mobility group box?1 (HMGB1) and IL?6 (by ELISA). The cells were collected for measurement of the proliferation of cells ( by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay) and for determination of the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase?1 ( HO?1) in cells ( by Western blot) . Results Compared with group C, the LDH activity and concentrations of TNF?α, IL?1β, IL?6 and HMGB1 in the supernatant were significantly in?creased, the proliferation of cells was significantly decreased, and the expression of HO?1 in cells was sig?nificantly up?regulated in LPS and siRNA+LPS+H2 groups, and the expression of Nrf2 in cells was signifi?cantly up?regulated in LPS and LPS+H2 groups (P<0.05). Compared with group LPS, the LDH activity and concentrations of TNF?α, IL?1β, IL?6 and HMGB1 in the supernatant were significantly decreased, the proliferation of cells was significantly increased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 in cells was sig?nificantly up?regulated in group LPS+H2 , and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 in cells was significantly down?regulated in group siRNA+LPS+H2 ( P<0.05) . Compared with group LPS+H2 , the LDH activity and concentrations of TNF?α, IL?1β, IL?6 and HMGB1 in the supernatant were significantly increased, the proliferation of cells was significantly decreased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 in cells was signifi?cantly down?regulated in group LPS+H2+siRNA ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which hydro?gen inhibits LPS?induced inflammatory factor release from macrophages is related to the activation of Nrf2∕ARE signaling pathway in mice.
RESUMO
Objective Using mouse autoimmune premature ovary failure (POF) model to seek theoretical evidence for a possible clinical therapy of autoimmune POF with glucocorticoid (GC) or an-drogen. Methods After autoimmune POF was induced in 60 mice by Pzp3, the mice were randomly as-signed into 3 groups (n=20) : Two groups were treated with GC or androgen and the control group was treated with distilled water. We observed the changes in the sexual cycles of the mice, the serum level of AzpAb, infiltration of cells positively expressing CD45 in the ovary, and pathological alterations of the ovary. Results The sexual cycle of each therapy group was significantly different from that of the control group. The mean serum level of AzpAb of each therapy group was significantly lower than that of the con-trol group, and the mean serum level of AzpAb in the GC group was significantly higher than that of the androgen group. The percentage of growing follicles in the ovary of each therapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Ovaries infiltrated by cells positively expressing CD45 of each thera-py group were significantly fewer than those of the control group. Conclusion GC or androgen in mice with autoimmune POF could obviously ameliorate the pathogenetic conditions of the disorder, and both treatments have similar therapeutic efficacy.