Investigation on the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into surveillance and interventions for use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients.@*Methods@#The HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City were randomly sampled from the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Patients' demographics, use of new types of drugs and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Patients' hair samples were collected, and new types of drugs were determined in hair using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, factors affecting the use of new types of drugs were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 254 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 214 men (84.25%), 31 cases aged under 25 years (12.20%), 66 cases aged 25 to 30 years (25.98%), and 157 cases aged 31 to 75 years (61.81%). There were 30 cases reported previous use of new drugs (11.81%), including 27 cases reported previous use of methamphetamine (90.00%). There were 48 cases tested positive of new types of drugs, with a positive rate of 18.90%, including 44 cases tested positive for methamphetamine (91.67%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (25 to 30 years, OR=6.926, 95%CI: 1.412-33.969), occupation (students/teachers/cadres/employees/retirees, OR=6.971, 95%CI: 2.123-22.889; housekeeping and housework servants/unemployed, OR=3.356, 95%CI: 1.289-8.739; business/public place servants, OR=2.447, 95%CI: 1.033-4.448) and syphilis infection during recent six months (OR=3.491, 95%CI: 1.664-7.326) as factors affecting the use of new types drugs among HIV/AIDS patients. @*Conclusions @#The use of new types of drugs exists in HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City. Age, occupation and syphilis infection were associated with the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients.

Immunochromatography screening devices for cannabinoids in oral fluid sample

Abstract Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most consumed drugs in the world and recent studies have associated its use with an increase in the number of traffic accidents in different countries. In many countries, like Brazil, simple and reliable methodologies are still needed for the detection of drugs on site, mainly cannabinoids, considering its prevalence of use and oral fluid (OF) has been proved as an appropriate biological matrix for this purpose. Considering that, this work aims to review previous studies on immunochromatographic devices for on-site detection of cannabinoids in OF, discussing their sensitivity, specificity, cut-offs values and confirmatory methods. This data shows the importance of choosing a screening device and it reinforces the need for its implementation in Brazil. The research was conducted on 5 databases and all original articles, published in the last 10 years, were selected. A total of 32 articles were found, providing data for 17 screening devices of distinct brands. Only 2 screening devices showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the evaluated studies (≥80% and ≥90% respectively). However, it should be considered that the screening devices still have some limitations, such as a higher cut-off than those recommended by international guidelines (cut-off > 2 ng/mL), therefore demonstrating the need for more studies in the area and the importance of confirmatory analysis usually fulfilled by LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Thus, the screening analyzes should not be evaluated by itself, but in association with confirmatory results and observational traits (behavioral changes), for a better understanding of the traffic scenario

Review on the statistic methods used in the proficiency testing in the drug control field / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the statistical methods for proficiency testing in the drug control field. METHODS: The statistical methods were sorted out with data processing used in inter-laboratory and proficiency testing by various industries both at home and abroad. The Grubbs test and Dixon test in classical statistical method were focused on as well as quartile method and iterative method in the robust statistical method, and the characteristics of the different statistic methods was summarized respectively. RESULTS: Every method has its advantages and application conditions. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that proper statistical method be chosen according to the data characteristics of the test results.

Controle antidoping no Brasil: monitoramento e prática de dopagem / Doping control in Brazil: monitoring the practice of doping / Control antidopaje en Brasil: seguimiento de la práctica de dopaje

O uso de substâncias ou métodos proibidos visando melhorar o desempenho vem se tornando mais frequente no meio esportivo. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar os resultados de exames antidoping realizados no Brasil no ano de 2008 em diferentes esportes. Os dados foram coletados junto ao Laboratório de Controle de Dopagem da UFRJ e Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro, ambos credenciados pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional e pela WADA. Naquele ano foram realizados 4.621 exames, sendo 4.587 em competição e 34 fora de competição. O futebol foi a modalidade com maior índice de positividade em ambos os tipos de exames. Os avanços científicos possibilitam métodos de controle cada vez mais sofisticados na identificação do uso de drogas no esporte.

The use of substances or forbidden methods to improve the performance has become more frequent in sports. This research objective is to characterize the results of drug test accomplished in Brazil in the year of 2008. The data were obtained in the Laboratory of Drug Test of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Brazilian Olympic Committee, both recognized by the International Olympic Committee aswell as by WADA. Four thousand six hundred twentyone exams were accomplished in the year of 2008. The soccer was the modality that presented more cases of doping. The scientific progresses allow more sophisticated methods to control the use of drugs in sports.

El uso de sustancias o métodos prohibidos para mejorar el rendimiento ha sido más frecuente en el deporte. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar los resultados de las pruebas de dopaje realizados en Brasil en 2008. La recogida de datos sellevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Control de Dopaje de la Universidad Federal deRio de Janeiro y el Comité Olímpico Brasileño, acreditados por el Comité Olímpico Internacional y la AMA. Se identificaron cuatro mil seiscientos veintiún exámenes en 2008. Fútbol fue el deporte con más casos de dopaje. Los avances científicos permiten métodos más sofisticados para controlar el dopaje en el deporte.