Eficácia, tolerabilidade e segurança do uso do sirolimo após o transplante renal / Sirolimus efficacy, tolerability, and safety for treatment after kidney transplantation

Introdução: Sirolino (SRL) é um imunossupressor com conhecida eficácia e perfil de segurança na profilaxia da rejeição aguda após o transplante renal. Objetivos:Avaliar eficácia, tolerabilidade e segurança do uso do SRL e de prednisona em associação a ciclosporina (CSA) ou tarcolino (TAC) após o transplante renal. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo de 332 receptores de transplantes renais realizados entre 1999 e 2006. O desfecho primário foi a falha de tratamento, definida como a incidência cumulativa de rejeição aguda confirmada por biópsia (RACB), perda do enxerto, óbito ou descontinuação do SRL. Resultados: Dos 332 transplantes, 92% foram com doador vivo. A média de idade dos receptores foi de 37 anos, sendo 65% homens, 46% brancos e 6% diabéticos. SRL foi associado a CSA ou TAC em 70,8% e 29,2% dos pacientes. A incidência de falha de tratamento foi de 22,2% e de 47,8% no final do primeiro e do quinto ano de transplante, sem diferença entre pacientes recebendo CSA ou TAC. Ao final do quinto ano, as sobrevidas do paciente, do enxerto, do enxerto censorando o óbito e livre de RACB foram de 92,8%, 86,1%, 92,7% e 82,2%, respectivamente. O tratamento com SRL foi interrompido em 27,1% dos pacientes: 22,9% em razão de reações adversas e 3,3% devido à ineficácia. os principais motivos de suspensão do SRL foram dislipidemia (6,0%), disfunção do enxerto (5,2%), proteinúria (4,5%), infecções (1,5%), dificuldade de cicatrização (1,2%) e anemia (0,9%). Conclusão: Na população estudada, a eficácia e a segurança do SRL foram semelhantes quando combinado com CSA ou TAC. A tolerabilidade oral foi adequada considerando-se a relativa baixa taxa de interrupção do uso de SRL.

Introduction: Sirolino (SRL) is an immunosuppressive agent with known efficacy and safety profile for prophylaxis of acute rejection after renal transplantation. Objectives: To evaluate efficacy, tolerability and safety of the SRL and prednisone in combination with cyclosporine (CSA) or tarcolino (TAC) after renal transplantation. Methodology: A retrospective study of 332 recipients of kidney transplants performed between 1999 and 2006. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the cumulative incidence of acute rejection confirmed by biopsy (RACB), graft loss, death or discontinuation of SRL. Results: Of 332 transplants, 92% were with living donors. The mean age of recipients was 37 years, 65% men, 46% white and 6% were diabetic. SRL was combined with CSA or TAC in 70.8% and 29.2% of patients. The incidence of treatment failure was 22.2% and 47.8% at the end of the first and fifth year of transplantation, with no difference between patients receiving CSA or TAC. At the end of the fifth year, the survival of the patient, graft, death censored graft and free of RACB were 92.8%, 86.1%, 92.7% and 82.2% respectively. Treatment with SRL was discontinued in 27.1% of patients: 22.9% because of adverse reactions and 3.3% due to inefficiency. The main reasons for discontinuation of SRL were dyslipidemia (6.0%), graft dysfunction (5.2%), proteinuria (4.5%), infections (1.5%), poor wound healing (1.2% ) and anemia (0.9%). Conclusion: In this population, the efficacy and safety of SRL were similar when combined with CSA or TAC. The oral tolerance was adequate considering the relatively low rate of discontinuation of SRL.

Topiramate Related Cognitive Dysfunction during Migraine Prevention

BACKGROUND: Topiramate (TPM), a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, has recently been demonstrated to be effective as a monotherapeutic device for migraine prevention. We investigated the impact of TPM on cognition during migraine prevention. METHODS: Twenty-eight migraineurs were evaluated. They were instructed to take 25 mg of TPM per day, with 25 mg weekly increments to a maximum of 100 mg per day according to the therapeutic responsiveness. We assessed cognitive dysfunctions by spontaneous patient reports and several neuropsychological tests comparing the baseline and at 3 months during on-treatment. We also compared these tests to age, sex, education, clinical features of migraine, TPM dose, and global effectiveness. RESULTS: After 3 months of therapy, 21 patients undertook a follow-up neuropsychological test. Even though headache frequency, severity, and disability were significantly decreased in a follow-up period, there was a significant impairment in backward digit span (P=.006) and verbal fluency (P=.023). Thirteen patients (62%) showed an impaired backward digit span, and 11 patients (52%) exhibited an impaired verbal fluency. Five patients (24%) complained of symptoms associated with these impairments. Cognitive impairments were well correlated to the frequency of migraine attack, higher daily TPM dose, and global effectiveness. In six patients who showed the impairment of both items, TPM was withdrawn and their cognition was retested after 2 weeks. There was a significant improvement in these cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS: TPM appears to exert a dose-related, strong negative influence on working memory and verbal fluency during migraine prevention. It can be related to drug tolerability.