Ectasia ductal mamaria, una entidad poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica: A propósito de un caso / Duct ectasia, an infrequent condition in childhood: A case report

La secreción sanguínea a través del pezón (telorragia) es un síntoma muy poco frecuente y que genera gran alarma en pediatría por su relación con el carcinoma en la edad adulta. La entidad más frecuente asociada en edades tempranas, de naturaleza benigna y autolimitada, es la ectasia ductal mamaria. Se caracteriza por la dilatación del conducto mamario, fibrosis e inflamación periductal. La etiología es desconocida y multifactorial. Son pocos casos los descritos en la literatura científica. Se presenta a un lactante de 5 meses con telerragia por ectasia ductal mamaria, cuya resolución fue espontánea a las 4 semanas. Nuestro objetivo es facilitar el rápido reconocimiento por parte de los médicos, dar a conocer esta patología tan poco frecuente y, así, evitar estudios y tratamientos agresivos e invasivos innecesarios.

Bloody discharge from the nipple (thelorrhagia) is a rare symptom in childhood and is a cause of great concern due to the association with carcinoma in adults. The most common cause in children is mammary duct ectasia, which is a benign and self-limiting condition. It is characterized by dilatation of the mammary ducts, fibrosis and periductal inflammation. The etiology has not been identified and is multifactorial. Up to date, only isolated case reports have been published. Therefore, we present a review of the literature and we report a case of a fivemonth- old male infant that resolves spontaneously. We aimed to improve physicians’ diagnosis accuracy, the knowledge of this condition and to avoid aggressive studies and treatments.

INTRAPAPILLARY DUCT DILATION: A NEW ULTRASONOGRAPHY SIGN / Dilatação ductal intrapapilar: um novo sinal ultrassonográfico

Objective: To evaluate a not yet described ultrasound finding, the dilation of the intra-papillary portion of the lactiferous duct in patients with or without abnormal nipple discharge Methods: 24 patients with pathological nipple discharge and intrapapillary duct dilation and 1,255 asymptomatic patients (control group) were studied. Results: Just one asymptomatic patient had intrapapillary duct dilation. Among the symptomatic patients, 19 were biopsied: ten with exclusively percutaneous approach, six with exclusively surgical approach, and three with an initial percutaneous and then a surgical approach. There was one invasive carcinoma and two carcinomas in situ (15.8% of the biopsied patients). In 11 patients, a papilloma was found, three of them with atypia. In one patient, ultrasonography identified intrapapillary extension of microcalcifications, and another patient a changed duct diametrically opposite to the duct which had a trigger point. In these two patients, the examination changed the treatment strategy. In two other patients, an extra-papillary finding was identified only after the intrapapillary duct dilation has been encountered. Conclusion: The intrapapillary duct dilation is a new ultrasonography sign that adds sensitivity to the evaluation of the patient with pathological nipple discharge, besides helping to find the lesion and to guide the treatment. Further research is needed to determine its prevalence and its positive and negative predictive values for cancer, atypia and papilloma

Objetivo: Avaliar um achado de ultrassonografia inédito (dilatação intrapapilar do duto lactífero) em pacientes portadoras de fluxo papilar patológico e em pacientes assintomáticas. Métodos: Foram estudadas 24 portadoras de fluxo papilar patológico e dilatação ductal intrapapilar e 1.255 pacientes assintomáticas (grupo controle). Resultados: Apenas uma paciente assintomática apresentou dilatação ductal intrapapilar. Entre as pacientes sintomáticas, 19 foram biopsiadas, 10 com abordagem exclusivamente percutânea, 6 com abordagem exclusivamente cirúrgica e 3 com abordagem inicialmente percutânea e depois cirúrgica. Houve um carcinoma invasor e dois carcinomas in situ (15,8% das pacientes biopsiadas). Em 11 pacientes foi encontrado papiloma, 3 deles com atipias. Em uma paciente a ultrassonografia identificou extensão intrapapilar de microcalcificações e em outra, um duto alterado diametralmente oposto ao duto com sinal do gatilho clínico. Nessas duas pacientes o exame mudou a estratégia de tratamento. Em duas pacientes, um achado extrapapilar só foi identificado após o encontro da dilatação ductal intrapapilar. Conclusão: A dilatação ductal intrapapilar é novo sinal ultrassonográfico que agrega sensibilidade à avaliação da paciente com fluxo papilar patológico, além de ajudar a encontrar a lesão e a orientar o tratamento. São necessárias pesquisas adicionais para determinar sua prevalência e seus valores preditivos positivo e negativo para câncer, atipias e papilomas.

Ectasia ductal mamaria en niños, a propósito de un caso clínico: A case report / Mammary duct ectasia in children

Introducción: La telorragia es un síntoma poco frecuente en pacientes pediátricos, la causa más frecuente en esta población es la ectasia ductal mamaria (EDM), que es una afección benigna y autolimitada, caracterizada por la dilatación del conducto mamario, fibrosis e inflamación periductal. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de EDM, para facilitar el rápido reconocimiento por parte de los médicos, y evitar estudios y tratamientos agresivos. Caso clínico: Lactante de sexo masculino de 6 meses de edad, sano, alimentado por lactancia materna exclusiva; consultó por un nódulo retroareolar derecho y telorragia unilateral. Se realizó una ecografía Doppler que mostró una lesión multiquística, sugerente de una EDM. Se planteó tratamiento expectante y acudió a control a los 6 meses con excelente evolución. Conclusiones: La EDM es la principal causa de telorragia en niños, corresponde a una afección benigna, y la resolución generalmente es espontánea, antes de los 9 meses. Por lo que su conocimiento es de gran relevancia para el adecuado diagnóstico y manejo de estos pacientes.

Introduction: Bloody nipple discharge is an infrequent symptom during childhood. The most common cause in this population is mammary duct ectasia (MDE), which is a benign and self-limiting condition, that is characterized by dilatation of the mammary ducts, fibrosis and periductal inflammation. Objective: Report of a case of MDE in order to improve physicians’ diagnosis accuracy and avoid aggressive studies and treatments. Case report: Six-months old male healthy infant, exclusively breastfeeded, that visited our clinic with a lump beneath his right nipple and bloody discharge from the same nipple. An ultrasound was performed which showed a multicystic lesion suggestive of MDE. Watchful waiting was decided as treatment, with good evolution after six months of follow up. Conclusions: The MDE is the leading cause of bloody discharge in pediatric population, being a benign condition that resolves spontaneously before nine months. The knowledge of this condition is essential so as to accurately diagnose and treat it.

Bloody Nipple Discharge in Infants: Case Series.

Bloody nipple discharge very rarely occurs in infants and often is associated with benign mammary duct ectasia. Just because it is a rare symptom and frequently associated with adults’ mammary cancer, it is inadequately managed: inappropriate diagnostic tools are used, consequently inappropriate treatments are given. We here describe four cases of bloody nipple discharge, which resolved spontaneously within a few weeks of diagnosis and we present a review of the literature. In conclusion, a “wait and see” approach is enough and avoids unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

Diagnosis and treatment of mammary duct ectasia:a report of 59 cases / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment strategy of mammary duct ectasia.Methods The clinical data of 59 cases with mammary duct ectasia from January 2006 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The main clinical manifestations of mammary duct ectasia were mammary inflammatory mass in 46 cases,nipple discharge in 21 cases,nipple retraction in 18 cases,mammary abscess and mammary fistula in 8 cases.Definite diagnosis of mammary duct ectasia depended on pathology.All the patients were treated by operation,followed up for 3 months to 6 years,and none of them had recurrence.Conclusions Operation is the main method of curing mammary duct ectasia.To select proper operation time and method according to disease type,lesion size,location and scope.Thorough resection,repeat rinsing,wound clearance and immediate breast shape can not only cure disease,but also reserve breast configuration as possible.Therapeutic effect is satisfactory.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis / 国际外科学杂志

Plasma cell mastitis,also known as periductal mastitis or mammary duct ectasia,always occurs in young women.Because of It's Complicated and varied clinical manifestations,it is easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer.Early diagnosis and staging helps to avoid unnecessary surgery.At present,There is no unified understanding to this kind of disease.Modern medicine mainly treated it by surgery while Traditional Chinese medicine believes it shoull be treated internally and externally.Complete resection of the lesion and the cosmetic effect is the focus of current research.This article reviews the progress of research in plasma cell mastitis etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment.

Telorragia en el lactante por ectasia ductal: Consideraciones acerca de dos casos / Bloody nipple discharge: Duct ectasia

La descarga de sangre a través del pezón (telorragia) es un síntoma muy infrecuente en pediatría. Si bien genera gran preocupación y alarma por su equivocada asociación con el carcinoma de pacientes adultos, en los niños se asocia, en la mayoría de los casos, con una ectasia ductal benigna. Hasta el momento, sólo existen informes o series de casos y, aunque se proponen diferentes teorías, la causa no se conoce con exactitud. Se presentan dos casos con características clínicas y evolución muy similar, en los que el sangrado se resolvió en forma espontánea, uno en cuatro y el otro en seis semanas. Se realiza una revisión del tema y, dado que se trata de un proceso benigno y autolimitado, se sugiere, en ausencia de otros hallazgos en el examen físico, realizar estudios mínimamente invasivos, adoptar una conducta expectante y tranquilizar a la familia en la espera de una resolución espontánea.

Bloody discharge from the nipple (thelorrhagia) is a rare symptom in childhood and is a cause of great concern due to the mistaken association with carcinoma in adults. However, in children thelorrhagia is due to benign mammary duct ectasia in the majority of cases. Up to date, only isolated case reports or case series have been published and, although different theories have been postulated, no definite etiology has been identified. We report two cases with similar clinical features and outcome, in whom bleeding resolved spontaneously 4 and 6 weeks after onset. We present a review of the literature. Based on the benign and self-limiting process and in the absence of other findings on physical examination, we suggest a watch-and-wait approach with minimally invasive studies and reassurance and support for the family as most cases resolve spontaneously.

Telorragia en el lactante / Nipple discharge in an infant

A pesar de constituir la ectasia ductal la causa que con mayor frecuencia ocasiona sangrado a través del pezón en neonatos y lactantes, por la rareza de esta entidad, no deja de sorprender y agobiar a quienes la constatan. Se presenta un lactante masculino, de 8 semanas de nacido, cuyos padres acuden a la Consulta de Endocrinología por sangrado por ambos pezones. Ambas mamas, areolas y pezones mostraban características normales, solamente se halló sangrado con la presión, y el resto del examen físico no mostró alteraciones. La ecografía mamaria fue normal y el estudio citológico confirmó el diagnóstico de ectasia ductal primaria. En el paciente el sangrado cedió espontáneamente con resolución completa en varias semanas. Actualmente, con 3años y 8 meses de edad, no ha presentado nuevas manifestaciones. Por la rareza de su presentación en recién nacidos y lactantes, son muy escasos los informes de esta entidad en la literatura médica, y hasta el momento no hemos encontrado otras descripciones de esta infrecuente enfermedad en artículos nacionales cubanos, lo que motivó la presentación de este caso clínico(AU)

Despite the fact that duct ectasia is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in neonates and infants, this rare entity still surprises and causes stress on those who observe it. A male 8 weeks-old patient was presented. His parents took him to the endocrinology service because his two nipples were bleeding. His breasts, areolae, and nipples showed normal characteristics, just bleeding when squeezed; the physical exam did not show any alteration. The breast echography was normal and the cytological study confirmed the diagnosis of primary duct ectasia. The bleeding ceased spontaneously and he completely recovered after several weeks. At present, the patient is 3 years and 8 months-old and does not show any new manifestation. Due to the rareness of this illness in neonates and infants, data are very incomplete in medical literature. Other descriptions of this uncommon disease have not been found in the Cuban national literature, so this encouraged us to present this clinical case(AU)

A CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF MAMMARY DUCT ECTASIA——REPORT OF 51 CASES / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

This paper analyses and discusses of the mammary duct ectasia. The review of 51 cases of mammary diagnostic name and pathogenesis duct ectasia shows that mammary duct ectasia and plasma cell mastitis are the two stages of one disease. It is generally caused by disturbance in the secretion of mammary glands. It is difficult to distinguish it from breast neoplasms. Therefor, we also analyse why the disease is more likely to be misdiognosed as breast cancer and also represent its differential diagnosis. The paper involves some measures of treatment.