RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), popularly known as white grub, is an insect widely disseminated in the South Region of Brazil. Despite the frequent occurrence of this white grub in areas cultivated with winter cereals, it is generally not considered a pest, since it feeds on straw and dead plant material. However, in 2015 and 2016, this insect has been identified as the damage-causing agent in the perennial winter pastures in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Damage was observed in patches and caused reduction in root depth and mass, resulting in loss of vigor, accelerated senescence in aerial parts, and death of tillers in Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Dactylis glomerata L. plants.
RESUMO: Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), conhecido popularmente como coró-pequeno, é um inseto amplamente disseminado na região sul do Brasil. Embora seja encontrado com frequência em áreas cultivadas com cereais de inverno não é considerado inseto praga, por alimentar-se preferencialmente de palha e restos de plantas. Entretanto, nos anos de 2015 e 2016 foi identificado como causador de danos em pastagens perenes de inverno em Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os danos foram observados em reboleiras e promoveram redução na massa e profundidade de raízes, resultando em perda de vigor, senescência acelerada da parte aérea e morte de perfilhos de plantas de Festuca arundinacea Schreb. e Dacytilis glomerata L.
RESUMO
The studies were conducted on the biological aspects of Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes, 1904 and C. melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil. From January to December 2009 a light trap was installed to make collections of adults of C. tucumana and from January 2010 to February 2011 for collections of adults of C. melanocephala, at the experimental farm of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Adults were maintained in plastic containers with soil and complete plants of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk to oviposition and start biological studies. Adults of C. tucumana were collected from September to November in the field; the embryonic period lasted on average 14.7 days, and the first, second and third larval instars lasted 47.7, 66.1 and 78.6 days, respectively. Pre-pupa and pupa phases lasted 98.2 and 15.1 days, respectively, and longevity of the adults was 13.3 days. From the egg to adult stage of C. tucumana was a period of average 211.2 days. Adults of C. melanocephala were collected from September to October 2010 and February 2011. The embryonic period lasted 17.8 days, and larvae in the first, second and third instars lasted 22.3, 21.0 and 27.0 days, respectively. The pre-pupa stage lasted 11.3 days and pupa phase lasted 13.3 days. The longevity of adults was 26 days, and the cycle from egg to adult lasted 113 days.
Foram desenvolvidos estudos sobre os aspectos biológicos de Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes, 1904 e C. melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) em Aquidauana, MS. Foi instalada uma armadilha luminosa de janeiro a dezembro de 2009 para obter adultos de C. tucumana e de janeiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 para obter adultos de C. melanocephala, na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Adultos foram mantidos em recipientes de plástico, contendo solo e plantas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, para oviposição e início dos estudos biológicos. Os adultos de C. tucumana foram coletados de setembro a novembro no campo, o período embrionário durou em média 14,7 dias, e o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instar larval duraram 47,7, 66,1 e 78,6 dias, respectivamente. As fases de pré-pupa e pupa duraram 98,2 e 15,1 dias, respectivamente, e a longevidade dos adultos foi de 13,3 dias. A fase de ovo a adulto de C. tucumana durou em média 211,2 dias. Os adultos de C. melanocephala foram coletados em setembro e outubro de 2010 e em fevereiro de 2011. O período embrionário durou 17,8 dias, as larvas no primeiro, segundo e terceiro instar duraram 22,3, 21,0 e 27,0 dias, respectivamente. A fase de pré-pupa durou 11,3 dias a pupa durou 13,3 dias. A longevidade dos adultos foi de 26 dias, e o ciclo de ovo a adulto durou 113 dias.
RESUMO
Coleoptera of the family Melolonthidae plays an important role in decomposition and nutrient recycling in the environment, however the information of this group is scarce in Brazil; therefore studies were developed with the objective of understanding the biological aspects of saproxylophagous. The studies were developed in the experimental farm of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana, from March 2011 to April 2012. In a forest fragment of the cerrado, when encountering fallen tree trunks, they were cut into small pieces for extraction and acquisition of immature and adult Melolonthidae. Larvae were taken to the laboratory where they were reared until emergence of adults, obtaining biological and biometric data. A total of 145 larvae and 11 adults were collected. Third instar larvae of Strategus surinamensis Burmeister, 1847, collected in this phase lasted 230 days and 31.3 days in the pupal stage. Third instar larvae of Phileurus valgus (Linnaeus, 1758), in this phase lasted 49 days and 13 days in the pupal stage. Third instar larvae Pelidnota fulva Blanchard, 1850, after being collected remained for 61 days in this phase and 25.3 days in the pupal stage. Adults Pelidnota aff. vazdemeloi were collected inside tree trunks. To Macraspis festiva Burmeister, 1844, the third instar larvae collected lasted for 39 days at this stage, and pupae lasted 17 days. Third instar larvae of Rutela lineola (Linnaeus, 1767), in this phase lasted 23 days, and pupae lasted 16.3 days. To Hoplopyga liturata (Olivier, 1789), third instar larvae collected lasted 21 days and pupae lasted 18 days. To Hoplopyga boliviensis (Moser, 1918), third instar larvae lasted 33 days and pupae 16 days. Second and third larval instar Marmarina maculosa (Olivier, 1789) collected lasted respectively, 105 and 171.3 days and pupae lasted 26 days. The species collected in greatest quantity were M. festiva with 75 larvae,R. lineola with 20 larvae and H. boliviensis with 18 larvae. Larvae were collected during several months, where in July 32 larvae were sampled and in August 39 larvae, the largest quantities encountered.
Os coleópteros da família Melolonthidae desempenham importante função na decomposição e reciclagem de nutrientes no meio ambiente, assim, foram desenvolvidos estudos com o objetivo de se conhecer as espécies saproxilófagas ocorrentes e os aspectos biológicos. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, em Aquidauana, de março de 2011 a abril de 2012. Em área de fragmento de mata de cerrado, troncos de árvores caídos, eram cortados em pequenas partes para realizar a extração e obtenção de imaturos e adultos. As larvas coletadas foram levadas para o laboratório para realizar a sua criação até a emergência dos adultos, sendo obtidos os dados biológicos e biométricos. Foram coletadas 145 larvas e 11 adultos. Larvas de terceiro instar de Strategus surinamensis Burmeister, 1847, coletadas duraram 230 dias nessa fase e 31,3 dias na fase de pupa. Larvas de terceiro instar de Phileurus valgus (Linnaeus, 1758) duraram 49 dias nessa fase e 13 dias na fase de pupa. Larvas de terceiro instar de Pelidnota fulva Blanchard, 1850, após serem coletadas permaneceram por 61 dias nessa fase e 25,3 dias na fase de pupa. Foram coletados adultos de Pelidnota aff. vazdemeloi dentro de troncos de árvores. Para Macraspis festiva Burmeister, 1844, as larvas de terceiro instar coletadas duraram por 39 dias nessa fase, e as pupas duraram 17 dias. Larvas de terceiro instar deRutela lineola (Linnaeus, 1767) duraram 23 dias nessa fase, e as pupas duraram 16,3 dias. Para Hoplopyga liturata (Olivier, 1789) as larvas de terceiro instar coletadas duraram 21 dias e as pupas duraram 18 dias. Para Hoplopyga boliviensis (Moser, 1918) larvas de terceiro instar duraram 33 dias e as pupas 16 dias. Larvas de segundo e terceiro instar de Marmarina maculosa (Olivier, 1789) coletadas, duraram respectivamente, 105 e 171,3 dias e as pupas duraram 26 dias. As espécies coletadas em maior quantidade foramM. festiva com 75 larvas, R. lineola com 20 larvas e H. boliviensis com 18 larvas. As larvas foram coletadas em vários meses, sendo que em julho amostrou-se 32 larvas e em agosto 39 larvas, sendo as maiores quantidades encontradas.
RESUMO
Several coleopterans of the Scarabaeidae family (Pleurosticti) are reported as important pests of agricultural crops, but little information on their biology is available. We describe our observations on the biology of adult Cyclocephala verticalis Burmeister collected with light traps from January, 2006 to December, 2007, in Aquidauana, MS, Brasil. Field collected adults were taken to the laboratory and kept in plastic containers containing soil and seedlings of Brachiaria decumbens under controlled conditions (26 ± 1ºC with 12h of photophase). The embrionary period of C. verticalis took 17.2 days in the average. The duration of first-, second- and third-instar larvae was 22.0, 23.7 and 138.1 days in the average, respectively. The prepupal stage took 12.7 days and the pupal stage 14.8 days. Adults obtained in laboratory lived 37.5 days. The complete cycle reached 228.6 days, making possible the development of a single generation per year. In laboratory conditions, the copulation lasted about 19 min and 20 seconds. The adults fly in a great amount in September and October, being this the main period of oviposition in the field.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/fisiologiaRESUMO
Dynastinae beetles were collected at Querari, District of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, upper rio Negro, State of Amazonas in April-May/1993. A mixed 250W mercury vapor lamp, a black light (BL) and black light blue (BLB) lamps were used to atract insects on a white sheet in 33 collecting night periods of 12 consecutive hours. 76 specimens were collected, of 20 species, and 10 genera were identified. The tribe Cyclocephalini was the most representative (10 species), followed by Phileurini (4 spp.), Oryctini (3 spp.), Dynastini (2 spp.) and Pentodontini (1 sp.). 7 species were recorded for the first time to the State of Amazonas, 5 to Brazil.
Besouros dinastíneos foram coletados em Querari, Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, região do alto rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas, de abril a maio de 1993. Utilizaram-se lâmpadas de luz mista de mercúrio de 250 W, BL e BLB, sobre um lençol branco, em 33 noites de coletas de 12 horas consecutivas. Foram coletados 76 indivíduos de 20 espécies e 10 gêneros. A tribo Cyclocephalini foi a mais representada (10 espécies), seguida por Phileurini (4 spp.), Oryctini (3 spp.), Dynastini (2 spp.) e Pentodontini (1sp.). Dessas, 7 espécies são registradas pela primeira vez para o Amazonas, 5 delas para o Brasil.
RESUMO
Dynastinae beetles were collected at the Parque Nacional do Jaú, state of Amazonas between July/1993 to June/1996, during new moon and last quarter in five different places near the lowlands of the Jau river. A mixed 250 W mercury vapor lamp plus two ultraviolet lights, black light (BL) and black light blue (BLB) were used for atraction on a white sheet in daily periods of 12 consecutive hours. 34 species of 14 genera were identified being the species of the tribe Cyclocephalini the more represented (19 species), followed by Oryctini (6 spp.), Phileurini (4 spp.), Pentodontini (3 spp.) and Dynastini with 2 species.
Besouros dinastíneos foram coletados no Parque Nacional do Jaú, Estado do Amazonas, entre julho de 1993 a junho 1996, em dias de Lua minguante e nova, em 5 localidades diferentes, abrangendo principalmente a região dos baixos cursos dos rios Jaú, Carabinani e Unini. Utilizou-se para as coletas luz mista de mercúrio de 250 W e duas lâmpadas ultra-violeta, black-light (BL) e black-light blue (BLB), sobre um lençol branco em períodos diários de 12 horas consecutivas. Foram identificadas 34 espécies de 14 gêneros, sendo as espécies da tribo Cyclocephalini as mais representadas (19 espécies), seguidas por Oryetini (6 spp.), Phileurini (4 spp.), Pentodontini (3 spp.) e Dynastini com 2 espécies.
RESUMO
Monthly collections were done between July/1990 and June/1991 during the new moon at the Fazenda Aruanã an area of upland rainforest located alongside the Torquato Tapajós road, AM-010, at Km 215, city of Itacoatiara, Amazonas State, Brazil. A mixed 250 W mercury vapor lamp was used for atraction on a white sheet. 251 specimens of 9 genera and 18 species of Dynastinae were collected and there was predominance of Cyclocephala (three species were more numerous) and Ligyrus (only one abundant).
Foram efetuadas coletas mensais de julho/1990 a junho/1991, durante a lua nova, na Fazenda Aruanã, uma área de terra-firme às margens da rodovia Torquato Tapajós, AM-010, Km 215, Município de Itacoatiara, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Utilizou-se para as coletas luz mista de mercúrio de 250 W, sobre um lençol branco. Foram coletados 251 indivíduos de 9 gêneros e 18 espécies de dinastíneos e dentre estes houve predominância de Cyclocephala Latreille (3 espécies abundantes) e Ligyrus Burmeister (única espécie abundante).