Epidemiological investigation and risk factor analysis of infant dyschezia in Xi′an / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of infant dyschezia in Xi′an city based on the Rome Ⅳ Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants/Toddlers, and to analyze the related risk factors so as to provide epidemiological basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the child health department of community health service center or hospital in Xi′an from October 2020 to October 2021 using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Infants aged 0-12 months were enrolled and their caregivers were interviewed by face-to-face electronic questionnaire.The prevalence and influencing factors of defecation difficulty in infants aged 0-9 months were analyzed according to the Rome Ⅳ Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants/Toddlers.The prevalence of dyschezia in infants aged over 9 months was explored as well.The counting data were compared by Chi- square test.Univariable and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for dyschezia. Results:A total of 1 446 infants were collected, including 735 boys (50.8%) and 711 girls (49.2%), with an average age of (5.94±3.27) months.The prevalence of dyschezia aged 0-9 months in Xi′an was 3.46% (42/1 215), which gradually decreased with the increased age.Infants with dyschezia could defecate 2-3 times a day, or once a few days.Family history of defecation disorders ( OR=3.785, 95% CI: 1.912-7.494) was the risk factor for infant dyschezia, while complementary food ( OR=0.193, 95% CI: 0.075-0.495) was the protective factor for infant dyschezia ( P<0.05). Breastfeeding ( OR=8.126, 95% CI: 2.258-29.236) was the risk factor for dyschezia in infants who defecated less frequently ( P<0.05). Only 2 cases of 10-month-old infants had defecation-like symptoms, manifested as crying for a long time before defecation. Conclusions:The prevalence of dyschezia in infants aged 0-9 months in Xi′an is 3.46%.Dyschezia infants may also have a lower frequency of defecation.Timely addition of complementary food is beneficial to alleviate infant dyschezia, while infant who defecated less frequently are more likely to have dyschezia while breastfeeding.

Trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales. Cómo tratar sin medicar / Functional gastrointestinal disorders. How to manage them without medication

Los trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales (TFGI) se caracterizan por síntomas atribuibles al tracto gastrointestinal que no pueden ser explicados por anormalidades estructurales ni bioquímicas. Durante el primer año de vida, pueden generar mucho malestar en el lactante y preocupación en sus padres. Su diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos que expertos han determinado y en una historia clínica y un examen físico completo que descartan causas orgánicas. El objetivo de esta actualización es presentar estrategias para el manejo de los TFGI más frecuentes durante el primer año de vida: cólicos, regurgitaciones, disquecia y estreñimiento, bajo la visión de los nuevos conocimientos fisiopatológicos, que eviten los estudios y medicaciones innecesarias.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by symptoms attributable to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by the presence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. During the first year of life, FGIDs can cause great discomfort in infants and concern in their parents. The diagnosis of FGIDs is based on clinical criteria determined by experts and on a comprehensive case-taking process and physical exam to rule out organic causes. The objective of this update is to describe strategies for the management of the most frequent FGIDs during the first year of life: colics, regurgitations, dyschezia, and constipation, in light of new pathophysiological insights, to avoid unnecessary tests and medications.

Progress on diagnosis and treatment of infant dyschezia / 中国小儿急救医学

Infant dyschezia is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants.The main clinical features include an emotionally state of strain, with scream, cry and red or purple in the face with each effort to defecate, which usually lasting 10-20 minutes and normal stool passes several times a day.The current diagnostic criteria of infant dyschezia is based on the Rome Ⅳ criteria.Pathogenesis of infant dyschezia is still unclear, which may be related to immature defecation pattern in infants, intestinal flora imbalance, brain-gut-microbiota axis disturbances and complementary feeding starting too early.Infant dyschezia is self-limited, and there is no need of specific treatment.The caregivers are recommended to avoid rectal stimulation and laxative intervention.

Interrelationships among endometriosis-related pain symptoms and their effects on health-related quality of life: a sectional observational study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between different pain symptoms and different domains of women's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: Seventy-seven women with deep infiltrating endometriosis were successively enrolled between June 2011 and August 2013 while being prepared to undergo laparoscopy due to pain and/or infertility. We quantified the intensities of dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and dyschezia (menstrual and non-menstrual) using a 11-point visual analog scale (VAS: 0–10) and the validated full versions of the Short Form 36 (SF36) and Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP30) questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The pain symptoms were considered simultaneously in a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method (exploratory multivariate approach) and the associations among scores were tested by bivariate correlation. RESULTS: Dysmenorrhea showed the lowest similarity on to the multivariate cluster analysis and no statistically significant correlation with the other pain symptoms: deep dyspareunia (P=0.244), chronic pelvic pain (P=0.108), menstrual dyschezia (P=0.238), and non-menstrual dyschezia (P=0.380). Dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain were the main symptoms correlated with all domains of the SF36 and the EHP30 (core instrument) questionnaires (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain were independent factors associated with HRQoL.

Trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales en el lactante: Prevalencia en una consulta gastroenterológica / FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN INFANTS. PREVALENCE IN A GASTROENTEROLOGY OUT CLINIC PATIENTS

Introducción: los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales son un conjunto de síntomas crónicos o recurrentes sin causa estructural, bioquímica o metabólica explicable. Constituyen un motivo de consulta con una frecuencia variable o descono- cida. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales en lactantes en una consulta gas- troenterológica. Pacientes y método: estudio prospectivo y transversal, entre enero 2012 y marzo 2013. Se registró la presencia de los síntomas correspondientes a regurgitación, cólicos y disquecia del lactante, utilizando los criterios de Roma III, a través de un cuestionario a las madres de los lactantes evaluados. Se excluyeron los niños con patologías asociadas. Resultados: 1.197 lactantes, 104 con los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales investigados, una prevalencia de 8,68% e identificación de 1 por cada 10 lactantes (OR=10,15). Edad promedio: 4,4 meses (rango:1-19), afectación similar en cuanto al sexo, varones 55 (52,88%) y hembras 49 (47,12%). La regurgitación del lactante fue el trastorno más frecuente en 95/104 niños (91,34%), disquecia 31/104 (29,80%) y cólico 9/104 (8,65%). Se encontró la presencia de más de un trastorno en 30 niños, la regurgitación y disquecia presente en 21, regurgitación y cólico en 5, disquecia y cólico en 3. Un paciente presentó todos los trastornos. Conclusiones: Los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales del lactante son prevalentes en la consulta gastroenterológica, su determinación es de utilidad en la planificación de la atención médica para su diagnóstico y seguimiento.

Introduction: functional gastrointestinal disorders are a set of chronic or recurrent symptoms without structural, biochemi- cal or metabolic cause explicable. They are a matter of consultation with a variable or unknown frequency. Objective: To determine the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants in a gastroenterological consultation. Patients and methods: a prospective crosssectional study between January 2012 and March 2013. The presence of symptoms related to regurgitation, colic and infant dyschezia using the Rome III criteria through a questionnaire to mothers of was recorded, infants evaluated. We excluded children with as- sociated pathologies. Results: 1,197 infants, 104 investiga- ted with functional gastrointestinal disorders, a prevalence of 8.68% and identification of 1 in 10 infants (OR = 10.15). Average age: 4.4 months (range: 1-19), similar in terms of sex affectation, males 55 (52.88%) and 49 females (47.12%). Infant regurgitation was the most common disorder in children 95/104 (91.34%), dyschezia 31/104 (29.80%) and colic 9/104 (8.65%). The presence of more than one disorder was found in 30 children, regurgitation and dyschezia present in 21, regurgitation and colic in 5 dyschezia and colic in 3. One patient had all disorders. Conclusions: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are prevalent in infant gastroenterological consultation, its determination is useful in planning health care for diagnosis and monitoring.

Fecal Evacuation Disorder Among Patients With Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: A Case-control Study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data on frequency of fecal evacuation disorder (FED) among patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS), hitherto an enigmatic condition, are scanty. Moreover, most such studies had limitations due to small sample size and lack of inclusion of healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Forty patients with SRUS underwent symptom assessments, sigmoidoscopy, anorectal manometry, defecography, balloon expulsion test (BET); endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) of anal sphincter complex was performed in a subgroup. Physiological tests (anorectal manometry and BET) were also performed in 19 HC. RESULTS: Patients with SRUS (26/40 male, age 37 [18-80] years) more often had FED than HC (10/19 male, age 43 [25-72] years) as shown by weight needed to expel the balloon (300 [0-700] g vs. 100 [0-400] g; P = 0.006), a trend towards abnormal BET (need of > 200 g weight for expulsion) (21/40 [53%] vs. 5/19 [26%], P = 0.058) and impaired anal relaxation (14/40 [35%] vs 2/19 [10.5%]; P = 0.048). Using Rome III criteria, most patients with SRUS reported having chronic constipation (36/40 [90%]) in spite of having normal (Bristol stool type IV, 21/40 [53%]) and diarrheal (types V, VI, VII, 6/40 [20%]) stool forms (Asian classification). SRUS patients more often (17/40 [43%]) had functional defecation disorder (Rome III criteria). Patients with SRUS with abnormal BET had thicker internal anal sphincter than those without (3.9 [3.4-7.0] mm vs 2.8 [2.0-4.0] mm; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: FED was commoner among patients with SRUS as evidenced by abnormal BET and sphincter relaxation. Those with abnormal BET had thicker internal sphincter on EUS than those without.

Physiologic Characteristics and its Clinical Significances in the Patients with Pelvic Outlet Obstruction

Current study was designed to assess the functional etiology of patients with pelvic outlet obstruction. Moreover, physiologic characteristics and theirs clinical significances were evaluated in the patients with ramified diagnosis. METHODS: 172 patients with pelvic outlet obstruction were performed 328 numbers of physiologic studies. These included cinedefecography (n=172), anal manometry (n=87), colonic transit time study (n=38), and anal EMG/PNTML (n=31). On the basis of physiologic findings, patient groups were categorized as rectocele (group I), nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome (group II), anal dyschezia (group III), and rectoanal intussusception (group IV). The physiologic findings were compared between subgroup patients. RESULTS: Incidence of categorized patients was 51.7% (group I, n=89), 22.7% (group II, n=39), 12.2% (group III, n=21), and 8.7% (group IV, n=15), respectively. The mean age of patients with group III were lower (p<0.05) than that of overall patients. The incidence of female patients was higher in group I and the incidence of male patients was higher in group II (p<0.0001). In cinedefecography, patients with group II showed smaller anorectal angle at strain (p<0.001), at dynamic change between rest and strain (p=0.002). In anal manometry, patients with group III showed higher mean resting pressures (p=0.001), higher maximum resting pressures (p<0.001), higher mean squeeze pressures, and higher maximal voluntary contraction (p=0.003) than those of patients with other group. In neurologic study, mean value of PNTML was 2.32 +/- 0.34 (range, 1.60~3.66) msec in overall patients. The size of rectocele was increased in proportion to patient's age (r=0.229, p<0.05), number of delivery (r=0.393, p=0.001), and degree of perineal descent (r=0.231, p<0.05). The degree of perineal descent was increased in proportion to patient's age (r=0.249, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Present series provided the diagnostic ramification of pelvic outlet obstruction by using the anorectal physiologic investigations. In addition to the function of puborectalis muscle, evacuation dynamics of anorectum should be emphasized. These findings could provide the fundamental information for guideline of future therapy in the patients with obstructed defecation.