Effect of cognitive retraining treatment in mild to moderate depressive disorders

Abstract Background Cognitive retraining or remediation approaches dispense high levels of stimulation and new learning tasks, leading to an increased neural connections, which facilitate rapid recovery in patients with neurological as well as psychiatric conditions. Objectives The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive retraining (CR) in depressive disorders. We assigned 40 patients with mild to moderate depression to two sample groups, with 20 participants each: CR alone and CR with medicine. A 6-week CR module was delivered, and participants' scores on measures such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Metacognition Questionnaire 30, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief, and Global Assessment of Functioning were compared. Results Analysis using Stata/IC version 16 included descriptive statistics, paired and independent t-tests, analysis of covariance, and propensity score matching. Cohen's d was computed to determine the effect size. Within-group analysis revealed statistically significant differences in pre-post scores of the outcome measures (p < .05) and large effect size (d = 3.41; d = 3.60) in both groups. The difference in scores of outcome measures between the groups was not significant (p > .05) even when covariates were controlled, or nearest neighbor match analysis was carried out. CR is effective in alleviating symptoms and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in addition to enhancing functioning and quality of life. Conclusions CR-based interventions may be essential mental health services owing to growing research in psychotherapy via virtual modes such as tele- and video-conferencing. These interventions can substantiate both prevention and remedy.

Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes on sleep and sleep disturbances pre- and post-antidepressant treatments in patients with major depression / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes on sleep and sleep disturbances before and after a short-term pharmacotherapy in patients with major depression. Methods Sixty-six (29 male, 37 female, 34.0±9.5 years old) patients with major depression were recruited before the treatment. Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were assessed before and after a 4-week antidepressant treatment. Results After the 4-week antidepressant treatment, depressive and anxiety symptoms were alleviated significantly, whereas sleep disturbance still persisted. And sleep quality was closely related with problematic sleep beliefs after the treatment.Conclusion Some evidences are provided for cognitive behavioral therapy during antidepressant therapy, and the therapy should be matched with problematic beliefs and attitudes.

Application of the Dyofunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep in Health Education to Patients with Insomnia / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the possible incorrect beliefs related to sleep disorder and educate patients ai- ming at their incorrect beliefs to achieve the objective of promoting sleep.Methods:Altogether 62 cases of patients suffering from insomnia were included and divided into experimental group and control group randomly (31 in each group).Patients in both groups were given medical and psychological treatment.The patients in experimental group were also given health education targeting at their incorrect sleeping beliefs,while the patients in control group were only given general health education.All patients were assessed with the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Their sleep duration,sleep quality,sleep efficiency and edu- cation efficiency were evaluated every week.Results:After 4-week education,the DBAS scores of experimental group and control group were both higher than baseline [(111.0?8.7) vs.(88.9?12.3),P=0.001;(93.5?17.2) vs.(81.3?19.2),P=0.010].But the PSQI scores were lower than baseline [(5.5?2.1) vs.(10.9?4.4), (9.0?2.1) vs.(11.5?3.6),P=0.001].After 4-week education,the DBAS score of control group was lower than that of experimental group,but the PSQI score was higher than that of experimental group.After health education, patients in experimental group were more satisfied with sleep duration,sleep quality and sleep efficiency.The satisfac- tion with sleep duration changed from 18/31 to 30/31,the satisfaction with sleep quality changed from 8/31 to 23/31, and the satisfaction with sleep efficiency changed from 8/31 to 21/31 (P