Propuesta de Valores de Referencia para el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Apego Adulto: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-12), en población adulta chilena / Reference values for the Adult Attachment Assessment Questionnaire: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-12) in the Chilean Adult Population

El cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR) es un instrumento de auto-reporte ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego en la adultez, a partir de dos dimensiones: la ansiedad y la evitación asociadas al apego. Este instrumento ha sido adaptado en múltiples contextos, incluyendo el chileno, del cual existe una versión abreviada (ECR-12), objeto de análisis del presente estudio. Si bien existe consenso en que la seguridad en el apego es mejor descrita en términos dimensionales, hay ámbitos, como en la práctica clínica donde contar con valores de referencia podría ser de utilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer valores de referencia para la interpretación de los valores del ECR-12 en el contexto chileno. Para ello, una muestra de 6779 participantes respondió el ECR-12. Se utilizó el método de puntuación z con normalización para obtener los valores de referencia. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron la necesidad de construir baremos diferenciados por edad. Así, para el grupo de 29 años o menos, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.4 puntos, y para la evitación, el punto de corte es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.5. En cambio, para el grupo de 30 años o más, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.2, y para la evitación, es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.9. Estos hallazgos pueden ser relevantes no sólo para identificar a personas que puedan presentar niveles sustancialmente altos de ansiedad y/o evitación en el apego, sino, también puede constituirse como una herramienta clínica complementaria en contextos terapéuticos.

The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure to assess adult attachment, based on two dimensions: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. This instrument has been adapted in multiple contexts, including the Chilean, for which there is an abbreviated version (ECR-12), that is the object of analysis in the present study. Although there is consensus that attachment security is best described in dimensional terms, there are areas, such as clinical practice, where having reference values could be useful. The aim of this study is to provide reference values for the interpretation of ECR-12 scores in the Chilean context. To do this, a sample of 6779 participants was evaluated using the ECR-12. The z-score normalization method was used to obtain the reference values. The analyzes carried out showed the need to build scales differentiated by age. Thus, for the group of 29 years or less, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.4 points, and for avoidance, the cut-off point is an average equal to or greater than 2.5. On the other hand, for the group aged 30 or older, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.2, and for avoidance, it is an average equal to or greater than 2.9. These findings can be relevant not only for identifying people who may present substantially high levels of anxiety and/or avoidance in attachment, but also as a complementary clinical tool in therapeutic contexts.

Inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma(ECR) on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro.XTT reduction method was used to evaluate the metabolic activity of C.albicans.The colony edge growth of C.albicans was observed by solid medium.The growth of C.albicans hyphae was determined on semi-solid medium.The morphology and viability changes of C.albicans hyphae were assessed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the ALS3 and SSA1 expression of C.albicans invasin genes.The results showed that the metabolic viability by XTT method detected that the activity of C.albicans was gradually decreased under the intervention of 64,128 and 256 mg·L-1 of ECR respectively.128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR significantly inhibited colony folds and wrinkles on solid medium and the hyphal invasion in semi-solid medium.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that 128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR could inhibit the formation of C.albicans hyphae.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of invasin gene ALS3 and SSA1 was down-regulated,and especially 256 mg·L-1 of ECR could down-regulate the two genes expression by 4.8,1.68 times respectively.This study showed that ECR can affect the invasiveness of C.albicans by inhibiting the growth of hyphae and the expression of invasin.

Intimidade impedida e estabelecida: acompanhando uma menina desde a primeira infância até a psicoterapia infantil / Intimacy thwarted and established: Following a girl from infancy to child psychotherapy / Intimidad impedida y establecida: siguiendo a una niña desde el inicio de la vida hasta la psicoterapia infantil / L'intimité entravé et établie: la suivie d'une petite fille depuis la première enfance jusqu'à la psychothérapie infantile

O artigo é baseado em um único estudo de caso de uma mãe e sua filha, dos 5 meses aos 7 anos e meio desta. Elas participaram de um ensaio clínico aleatório durante o tratamento psicanalítico mãe-criança, o que incluiu um estudo de acompanhamento após 4 anos e meio. A menina fazia, então, psicoterapia infantil dos 6 aos 7 anos e meio. A mistura de contextos levou em conta entrevistas de pesquisa, gravações em vídeo das interações da dupla, outras avaliações, e anotações das sessões terapêuticas. Isto permitiu aos autores estabelecerem ligações conceituais entre as observações feitas por eles durante o início da infância da criança e o tratamento de uma neurose durante o período de latência, marcada por ansiedade, compulsões e prepotência. Eles argumentam que características de rispidez e imediatismo no relacionamento mãe-criança impediram o desenvolvimento da intimidade da menina. Com o propósito de compreender como tais aspectos do relacionamento se internalizaram na criança, os autores combinam várias fontes de dados das duas. O valor heurístico de cada é logicamente limitado e, deste modo, os autores defendem que são necessários tanto o entendimento psicanalítico quanto a pesquisa empírica para chegar-se a um entendimento mais profundo das relações entre influência externa e desenvolvimento interno.

The paper is based on a single case study of a mother and her daughter, from 5 months to 7½ years. They participated in an rct on mother-infant psychoanalytic treatment, including a follow-up study at 4½ years. The girl was then in child psychotherapy from 6 to 7½ years. The mix of settings allowed for research interviews, video-recordings of the dyad's interactions, other assessments, and notes from therapeutic sessions. This enabled the authors to forge conceptual links between the observations they made during infancy and the treatment of a neurosis during latency, marked by anxiety, compulsions, and bossiness. They argue that the mother-infant relationship's brusque and speedy qualities thwarted the girl's development of intimacy. To understand how such components of the relationship became internalised in her, the authors combine their various data sources. The heuristic value of each are necessarily limited and therefore, the authors argue, both psychoanalytic understanding and empirical research are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the relations between external influence and internal development.

El artículo se basa en un único estudio de caso de una madre y su hija, desde los 5 meses hasta los 7 años y medio. Ellas participaron en un ensayo clínico aleatorio durante el tratamiento psicoanalítico madre-hija, lo que incluyó un estudio de seguimiento después de 4 años y medio. La niña recibió psicoterapia infantil desde los 6 hasta los 7 años y medio. La mezcla de los contextos tuvo en cuenta entrevistas de investigación, grabaciones en vídeo de las interacciones del dúo, otras evaluaciones, y notas de las sesiones terapéuticas. Esto permitió que los autores establecieran conexiones conceptuales entre las observaciones realizadas por ellos durante el inicio de la infancia de la niña y el tratamiento de una neurosis durante el período de latencia, marcada por ansiedad, compulsiones y prepotencia. Ellos argumentan que características de rispidez e inmediatismo en la relación madre-hija impidieron el desarrollo de la intimidad de la niña. Con el propósito de comprender como tales aspectos de la relación se internalizaron en la niña, los autores combinan varias fuentes de datos de ambas. El valor heurístico de cada uno es lógicamente limitado y, de esta forma, los autores defienden que son necesarias tanto la comprensión psicoanalítica como la investigación empírica para llegar a un conocimiento más profundo de las relaciones entre influencia externa y desarrollo interno.

Le document est basé sur une seule étude de cas d'une mère et sa fille, de 5 mois à 7 ans et demi. Elles ont participé à un ecr (essai randomisé contrôlé) sur le traitement psychanalytique mère-enfant, y compris une étude de suivi à 4 ans et demi. La jeune fille était alors en psychothérapie d'enfants de 6 à 7 ans et demi. Le mélange des paramètres des entretiens de recherche a permis les enregistrements vidéo des interactions des deux, d'autres évaluations et des notes provenant de séances thérapeutiques. Cela a donné aux auteurs la possibilité de forger des liens conceptuels entre les observations qu'ils ont faites pendant la petite enfance et le traitement d'une névrose au cours d'un état latent, marquée par l'anxiété, les compulsions et la tyrannie. Ils démontrent que la relation mère-enfant étant brusque et rapide compromettait le développement de l'intimité de la petite fille. Pour comprendre comment ces composantes de la relation se sont intériorisées, les auteurs combinent leurs différentes sources de données. La valeur heuristique de chacune est nécessairement limitée et les auteurs considèrent donc que la compréhension psychanalytique aussi bien que la recherche empirique sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les relations entre l'influence extérieure et le développement interne.

Spectrophotometric studies using ion-pair formations of Ranitidine hydrochloride in pure and in Pharmaceutical forms with some dyestuff reagents.

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is suggested for the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride (RNH) drug in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the ionpair formations of RNH with different dyestuff reagents such as methyl orange (MO), bromocrysol purple (BCP), eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) and alizaraine red S (ARS). The obtained ion-pairs were measured spectrophotometrically at 408, 420, 330 and 326 nm by using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. Beer’s plots were linear in the concentration range of 5-200, 20-350, 10-150 and 10-180 μg mL−1 RNH, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9991, 0.9996, 0.9993 and 0.999 using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity was found to be 0.813, 0.462, 0.541and 0.630 μg cm−2 for BCP, MO, ECR and ARS, respectively. Standard deviation (SD = 0.024-0.028, 0.018-0.023, 0.016-0.021 and 0.023–0.029) and relative standard deviation (RSD% = 0.123-0.943, 0.0102-0.82, 0.118-0.145 and 0.132-0.178%) (n = 4) values using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively, were obtained. These results were also confirmed with percent recovery of 99.78–100.52%, 99.86-101.12%, 99.82–100.31% and 100.18-101.25 % for BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. This method was successfully applied for determination of RNH in aciloc tablet. The calculated t- and F- values (95% confidence limit) indicate no significant differences between the proposed and official methods.

Lucene-based Full-text Retrieval System of Electronic Care Record / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To research a more effective method of full-text retrieval of electronic care record (ECR), which avails clinical work, medical research and ECR management. Methods Based on full -text retrieval by keyword, by changing the form of ECR with XML,a full-text retrieval system of ECR based on Lucene was built. Results The system testing showed that the precision ratio of ECR retrieval was raised. Conclusion The full-text retrieval system of ECR meets the design requirements and the function needs.

Analysis of Adult Attachment Styles of 50 Surgery Patients / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: Analysis of adult attachment in a very stressful situation, i.e., surgery. Methods: Two widely used adult attachment measurements --Relationship Questionnaire(RQ) and Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory(ECR)-are administered to 50 surgery patients in a hospital. Their personal information is also collected. Results: The distribution of 50 patients' adult attachment is: 18(36%) of them are secure, 20(40%) Dismissing, 6(12%) Preoccupied, 6(12%) Fearful. Moreover, attachment anxiety measured by ECR has negative correlation with model-of-self measured by RQ (P

Construction of a Yeast Model for Screening Aedes albopictus Ecdysone Agonist Pesticides / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To reconstitute a transactivation system in yeast (yeast model) for screening the pesticides acting on ecdysone metabolism route and eventually influencing the process of ecdysis. Methods The fragment of 5 times repeated EcRE from Drosophila melanogaster was synthesized and the HSP27 promoter from D. melanogaster genome was amplified with PCR. The two sequences were connected and followed by a reporting gene——green fluorescence protein(GFP) gene. The EcRE-HSP27 promoter-GFP fragment was inserted into the expression plasmid pPIC3.5 and integrated into the yeast chromosome to construct yeast A. EcR and USP coding sequences of Aedes albopictus were synthesized, and these two fragments were inserted into Pichia pastoris expression plasmid pGAPZ as two respective reading frames. The two reading frames were integrated into Pichia pastoris chromosome in another recombinant site(pGAPZ and pPIC3.5k share different recombinant sites while being integrated into Pichia pastoris yeast chromosome). EcR and USP were constituted and expressed in the yeast. This recombinant yeast was called yeast B. The model yeast was thus constructed. A known ecdysone agonist-tebufenozide was used to test the yeast model. The effect of tebufenozide on the model yeast was observed under fluorescent microscope. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to test the transcrip-tion level of GFP in the tebufenozide affected yeast and the control. Results In the model yeast, the intracellular expressed EcR and USP constituted EcR/USP heterodimer interacting with EcRE, the expression of GFP was activated, and green fluorescence was observed in model yeast under fluorescent microscope. Tebufenozide affected model yeast showed less fluorescence in comparison to the control model yeast, indicating that the transcription of GFP was suppressed by tubufenozide. Yeast housekeeping gene Actin-1 was used as inner control, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was operated and the result was scanned. The ratio of the brightness of GFP to Actin-1 was calculated automatically, and that of tubufenozide added yeast and the control yeast was 0.614 and 1.134 respectively. This result showed a low transcription level of GFP in tebufenozide affected model yeast, comparing to that of the control. Conclusion The ecdysone-related transacting system in yeast has been constructed, and the model yeast can be used to screen the ecdysone agonists which can act on the ecdysone metabolic route.

Semantic-based Full-text Retrieval of Electronic Care Records / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To research a more accurate retrieval algorithm of ECR, which will assist its development and utilization in the field of medicine effectively. Methods Based on