Synergistic activation of AMPK by AdipoR1/2 agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction recover NAFLD through enhancing mitochondrial function in mice

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, there are no effective therapy to treat this devastating disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that the generation of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) and the inhibition of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR)1/2 plays essential roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and liver fibrosis. We recently reported that the AdipoR1/2 dual agonist JT003 significantly degraded the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ameliorated liver fibrosis. However, the degradation of the ECM lead to the generation of EDPs, which could further alter liver homeostasis negatively. Thus, in this study, we successfully combined AdipoR1/2 agonist JT003 with V14, which acted as an inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction to overcome the defect of ECM degradation. We found that combination of JT003 and V14 possessed excellent synergistic benefits on ameliorating NASH and liver fibrosis than either alone since they compensate the shortage of each other. These effects are induced by the enhancement of the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK pathway. Furthermore, specific suppression of AMPK could block the effects of the combination of JT003 and V14 on reduced oxidative stress, increased mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. These positive results suggested that this administration of combination of AdipoR1/2 dual agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction can be recommended alternatively for an effective and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH related fibrosis.

A Stduy on the Standardization of the Description of Orthopedic Diseases for Electroic Data Processing System (EDPS) / 대한정형외과학회잡지

It is now well-known that the electronic data processing system(EDPS: computer) is very useful for indexing, sorting, verification, and so on. And a few orthopedics in Korea are processing informations with computers for their medical records respeetively. But since there are no established principles on the description of orthopedic diseases, a computer programmer unfamiliar with medical terms is poor in electronic processing for medical records. After processing with an IBM computer for several years, it has come to our attention that we have a need for standardization of the description of orthopedic diseases for EDPS. Based largely on the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-9th), we propose the following: 1. Diseases should be written in English, and whether it be capital letter or small letter does not matter. 2. Description of the disease should be in order of title, region of the body, cause or present status, and side of the body. The sequence may be changed without problem, but only the noun form should be used. It is also recommended that the key words in articles be defined. 3. Abbreviated forms should be avoided. If inevitable, the abbreviation should be used consistently from the first to the 1ast. 4. Connection with other types of medical records such as medical insurance system by registering the code number of the International Classification of Disesaes at the end of the description or on another line.