Espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica, una herramienta para aplicaciones biotecnológicas con Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 / Electrical impedance spectroscopy, a tool for biotechnological applications with Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393

RESUMEN La aplicación de espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica (EIE), es una técnica que se utiliza para monitorear, detectar y cuantificar microorganismos de interés biotecnológico, con la medición de parámetros eléctricos de respuesta rápida de un medio inoculado a temperatura y agitación constante mediante electrodos sumergidos. Realizando una comparación del modelo de crecimiento y el recuento en placa con los parámetros eléctricos de respuesta, se puede dar una correlación para romper la barrera tecnológica entre la microbiología clásica y los métodos rápidos de detección. La comparación de ambas técnicas fue realizada para determinar el máximo crecimiento de Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) ATCC 393. Se encontró que tras la inoculación, después de 24 h en condiciones microaerofílicas (37 °C), el máximo crecimiento microbiano fue registrado por medio de la EIE, mediante los parámetros -Z- (29,1057) y Deg-Deg0 (24,555°). En contraste con la técnica de conteo en placa, el crecimiento máximo se estimó a las 9 h. Los datos experimentales obtenidos mediante la EIE fueron ajustados por un circuito RC en serie, posteriormente, las curvas generadas fueron ajustadas a los modelos de crecimiento de Gompertz y Boltzman. Usando la técnica de EIE, la impedancia del medio resultó el parámetro más eficiente para la estimación del pico máximo exponencial de crecimiento de L. casei. Se demostró que la EIE constituye una alternativa para la detección rápida de la concentración microbiana en procesos de producción de biomasa para la elaboración de productos alimenticios probióticos.

ABSTRACT The application of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technique used to monitor, detect and quantify microorganisms of biotechnological interest, with the measurement of electrical parameters of rapid response of a medium inoculated at temperature and constant agitation by submerged electrodes. By making a comparison of the growth model and the plate count with the electrical response parameters, a correlation can be made to break the technological barrier between classical microbiology and rapid detection methods. The comparison of both techniques was performed to determine the maximum growth of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) ATCC 393. It was found that after inoculation, after 24 h under microaerophilic conditions (37 °C), the maximum microbial growth was recorded by medium of the EIE, using the parameters -Z- (29,1057) and Deg-Deg0 (24,555°). In contrast to the plate count technique, maximum growth was estimated at 9 h. The experimental data obtained through the EIE were adjusted by a series RC circuit; later, the generated curves were adjusted to the growth models of Gompertz and Boltzman. Using the EIE technique, the impedance of the medium was the most efficient parameter for the estimation of the maximum exponential growth peak of L. casei. It was demonstrated that the EIE constitutes an alternative for the rapid detection of the microbial concentration in biomass production processes for the elaboration of probiotic food products.

India epidemic intelligence service: Advocating for a unique mentor-based epidemiology training program

To strengthen epidemiological capacity in the country, the Government of India in 2012 initiated a unique, competency-based training in epidemiology. Modeled along the United States Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), this 2-year mentor-driven and practical-oriented program, based on 搇earning by doing,� is being implemented by the National Centre for Disease Control in Delhi, in close collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. In its 4th year now, many lessons learned so far are being used to expand the program, without compromising on the technical quality. Many including the trainees who have completed the program speak highly of the epidemiological skills imparted in real time and feel that if the India EIS program is 搑egionalized� and expanded rapidly, it could in due course transform public health in the country.

Improvement of Epidemiology Intelligence Service Officer Program for Preparedness and Response against Future Health Issues Included Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases in Korea / 보건행정학회지

The development and management of epidemiology intelligence service (EIS) officer with more specialized competence to cope with and prepare for health threats, including pandemic of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, is a high priority policy issue in Korea. First of all, we need to establish the training goal of EIS officer. It is necessary to establish manpower training and management system with at least three tiers including quantitative and qualitative targets. Second, at least 50% of all EIS officer must secure a physician and secure expertise and competence for epidemic. Third, for the ultimate purpose of EIS officer, the establishment of a public health expert should expand the scope of epidemiologist's work to health and medical care, occupational environment, and various disasters. Fourth, it is essential to expand the epidemiologist training and education program to the level of advanced countries. Especially, the training course should be expanded at least twice of current times. Fifth, it is necessary to independently install and operate the ‘EIS Officer Training Center’ as a mid- and long-term goal. Stewardship and governance are secured with the organization, personnel, etc. that can fully manage the planning, management, and evaluation of the EIS system. In the future, it will be necessary to establish a systematic and phased operational base of education and training programs for EIS officer, and establish a sustainable implementation system for strategy development. In addition, it is urgent to revise the guidelines for training public health professionals and strengthening competencies, and for establishing professional educational institutions.

Características del self en pacientes con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo: una aproximación desde el enfoque integrativo supraparadigmatico / Self features in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: an approach from supraparadigmatic integrative model

En la presente investigación, se intenta comprender el trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC) más allá de los síntomas, como una forma de planear estrategias de intervención diferentes y que ayuden a aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes. Este trastorno presentaría una prevalencia aproximada entre un 1.5 por ciento y un 3 por ciento con variaciones en diferentes ciudades, por lo que es alta la presencia de él, sin embargo, la consulta por éste es baja, ya que el trastorno en sí conlleva vergüenza y miedo, afectando así a la persona en su identidad, en como el sujeto se aproxima al mundo, como desea que la vida sea para él. Se toma el marco referencial del Enfoque Integrativo Suprapradigmático, especialmente las funciones del Self propuestas por éste enfoque. La investigación es descriptiva y pretende caracterizar las funciones del Self de pacientes con TOC, la muestra es de 18 pacientes de un centro de atención psicológica de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile y que responden la Ficha de Evaluación Clínica Integral (FECI)...

In this research, we try to understand Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) beyond its symptoms, as a way of planning different intervention strategies to help alleviate the suffering of patients. This disorder has a prevalence between 1.5 percent and 3 percent with variations in different cities. Despite its high prevalence, consultation levels are low since the disorder itself is associated with shame and fear, affecting a person’s identity, the way the subject approaches the world and the life wished for. The reference frame adopted is the Suprapradigmatic Integrative Model, especially the functions of the Self proposed by this approach. The research is descriptive and aims to characterize the functions of the Self of patients with OCD. The sample is of 18 patients attended at a Psychological Services Center in Santiago, Chile, evaluated with the Integral Clinical Evaluation (FECI)...

Suppression of Eis and expression of Wag31 and GroES in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytosol under anaerobic culture conditions.

A major impediment in chemotherapy of Tuberculosis (TB) is the persistence of M. tuberculosis in a latent or dormant state, possibly perpetuated by paucity of oxygen within the lung granuloma. Proteome analysis of the anaerobically persisting microbe could therefore provide novel targets for drugs against latent TB infection (LTBI). An Indian clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis was cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions following Wayne’s hypoxia model and its cytosolic proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Peptide mass fingerprinting of 32 differentially expressed spots using MALDI TOF-TOF MS-MS resulted in identification of 23 proteins. Under the anaerobic culture conditions, expression of 12 of these proteins was highly suppressed (>2 fold reduction in spot volumes), with 4 of them (GrpE, CanB, MoxR1 and Eis) appearing as completely suppressed since corresponding spots were not detectable in the anaerobic sample. On the other hand, 4 proteins were highly expressed, with two of them (Wag31 and GroES) being uniquely expressed under anaerobic conditions. Suppression of Eis could make the anaerobically persisting bacilli susceptible to the aminoglycoside antibiotics which are known to be acetylated and inactivated by Eis. Although all 4 over-expressed proteins can be considered as putative drug targets for LTBI, Wag31 appears particularly interesting in view of its role in the cell wall biogenesis.

Validación de las escalas de inhibición sexual/excitación sexual-forma breve (SIS/SES-SF) / Validation of the sexual inhibition/sexual excitation scales-short form (SIS/SES-SF)

Se plantea la adaptación y validación española de la versión breve de la Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales que evalúan la propensión hacia la excitación e inhibición sexuales. Fue contestada a través de Internet, junto a otras medidas de funcionamiento sexual, por 796 sujetos de la población general (18-84 años). El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio dio lugar a una estructura factorial similar a la original (Escala de Excitación Sexual, ESS; y dos Escalas de Inhibición Sexual, SIS1 y SIS2), que fue ratificada mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Además, la escala resultó equivalente para hombres y mujeres al alcanzar un nivel de invarianza estricta. La consistencia interna es adecuada. La dimensión SES se relaciona positivamente al deseo sexual, mientras que SIS1 y SIS2 lo hacen de forma negativa. Las dos medidas de inhibición sexual se asocian a peor funcionamiento sexual. Los hombres muestran mayor puntuación en SES y las mujeres en SIS1.

This study proposes the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales for the assessment of individual propensity for sexual excitation and sexual inhibition. The scale was located online and it was administered with other measures of sexual functioning. The questionnaires were answered by 796 individuals from the general population (18-84 years old). The Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded a factorial structure which was similar to the one proposed originally (Sexual Excitation Scale, SES; and two Sexual Inhibition Scales, SIS1 and SIS2), which was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The scale was equivalent between men and women, as it reached strict invariance. Internal consistency is adequate. The SES dimension is positively related to sexual desire, while SIS1 and SIS2 are negatively related to it. The two measures of sexual inhibition are associated with worse sexual functioning. Men show higher scores on SES and women on SIS1.

A Case of Successful Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for Ruptured Duodenal Varices / 대한소화기학회지

Duodenal varix is a rare cause of hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension, however their rupture is serious and often life threatening. Treatments for duodenal variceal bleeding include endoscopic procedures, surgery, or interventional radiologic procedures. We report a case of duodenal varices rupture in a 45-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis who presented with melena and dizziness. Emergent upper endoscopy revealed large nodular varices with a ruptured erosion on the top in the distal second portion of duodenum. Two consecutive injections with 1.0 mL of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl; Braun-Melsungen, Germany) mixed with 1.0 mL of lipiodol (Laboratoire-Guerbet, France) were performed intravariceally and achieved successful hemostasis. This suggests that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with histoacryl may be an effective therapeutic option for the control of ruptured duodenal variceal bleeding.

The Changes of Peripheric Auditory Activity Induced the Expression of Synaptic NMDA Receptors in Auditory cortex in Vivo / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs) expression at local sy-(napses) in auditory cortices after ototoxic deafened and following electrical intracochear stimulation(EIS).Methods We prepared highly purified synaptosomes from primary auditory cortex by two discontinuous gradient centrifugations, and compared the differences of NMDA receptors expression in ototoxic deafened group control group, normal control group and different experimental groups (EIS from 0.5h to 2h ) by Western blotting.Results We found that EIS for as little as half and one hour the adult and developmental rats of auditory deprivation can induce a significant increase in NMDAR subunit2A (NR2A) protein. But the changes of NMDAR subunit1(NR1) and NMDAR subunit2B(NR2B) are not significant.Conclusion There is a rapid activity-dependent expression of synaptic NR2A receptors in primary auditory cortex in vivo.

The Effect of Histoacryl(R) for Gastric Variceal Bleeding Which Failed by Ethanolamine Oleate Injection Sclerotherapy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Treatment modalities of gastric variceal bleeding are endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, endoscopic variceal ligation, combined above two method, operation, TIPS, and percutaneous transhepatic embolization. Recently, Histoacryl was introduced as a new sclerosant of acute variceal bleeding failed by others. So, we studied 18 cases of acute gastric variceal bleeding uncontrolled by EIS using Ethanolamine oleate. Intravariceal injection of Histoacryl is considered as a safe and effective method for hemostasis of intractable acute gastric variceal bleeding uncontrolled by other sclerosants. But, it is important that endoscopist should be in harmony with assistant at injection of Histoacryl. And its shooting speed should be fast because of clogging within the catheter. It is necessary to do long term study for evaluation of eradication effect in acute gastric variceal bleeding.

Endoscopic Variceal Ligation for Treatment of Esophageal Varices / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) has been widely used in treating and eradicating acutely bleeding esophageal varies, but may be associated with some undesirable local and systemic complications. Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL), which consists of mechanicai ligation and thrombosis of varices using elastic o-band, has been recently developed as a non operative alternative to EIS. We performed EVL in 65 patients who had bled from esophageal varices between November 1991 and September 1993. Total 274 sessions were performed and 774 o-bands were used. Six patients were actively bleeding and all of them were successfully controlled by emergency EVL. During the follow-up period, five patients who had combined hepatoma died. Varices were eradicated or reduced grade I in 43(71.6%) of the 60 survivals by 8-36 ligations(mean 15.6 ligation) in 2-13 EVL sessions(mean 5.6 sessions). During follow up period, five patients had recurred from grade 0 to grade 2 or 3 in 106-260 days(mean 182.6 days), and then eradicated by repeated EVL. During or after EVL, there were no complications, except mild substernal distress and mild dysphagia in 17 and 7 patients respectively. These results showed that EVL is a safe and effective method for eradication of bleeding esophageal varices.

Function augmentation of Special Equipment Tracking System to HIS / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces the design of Special Equipment Tracking System (SETS) , an augmentation to HIS. SETS makes large-scale and medium-sized hospitals free from many problems in the management of special equipment.