Hepatoprotective Activity of 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 Carboxylic Acid Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Stem Bark

Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and histological profile of the liver tissue. Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.

Preparation of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel based on thiol-ene click chemistry / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To design and prepare silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel.@*METHODS@#The thiol modified silk fibroin and the double-bond modified hyaluronic acid were rapidly cured into gels through thiol-ene click polymerization under ultraviolet light condition. The grafting rate of modified silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy; the gel point and the internal microstructure of hydrogels were characterized by rheological test and scanning electron microscopy; the mechanical properties were characterized by compression test; the swelling rate and degradation rate were determined by mass method. The hydrogel was co-cultured with the cells, the cytotoxicity was measured by the lactate dehydrogenase method, the cell adhesion was measured by the float count method, and the cell growth and differentiation on the surface of the gel were observed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.@*RESULTS@#The functional group substitution degrees of modified silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid were 17.99% and 48.03%, respectively. The prepared silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel had a gel point of 40-60 s and had a porous structure inside the gel. The compressive strength was as high as 450 kPa and it would not break after ten cycles. The water absorption capacity of the composite hydrogel was 4-10 times of its own weight. Degradation experiments showed that the hydrogel was biodegradable, and the degradation rate reached 28%-42% after 35 d. The cell biology experiments showed that the cytotoxicity of the composite gel was low, the cell adhesion was good, and the growth and differentiation of the cells on the surface of the gel were good.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The photocurable silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel can form a gel quickly, and has excellent mechanical properties, adjustable swelling rate and degradation degree, good biocompatibility, so it has promising application prospects in biomedicine.

Application value of spiral CT combined with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8, neuron-specific enolase and cytokeratin 19 fragment measurements in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of spiral CT combined with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) measurements in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods:Fifty patients with lung cancer who received treatment in Shanxi Rongjun Hospital from February 2018 to December 2019 were included in the lung cancer group. Fifty patients with benign lung disease who concurrently received treatment in Shanxi Rongjun Hospital were included in the benign lung disease group. Fifty 50 healthy controls who concurrently received treatment in Shanxi Rongjun Hospital were included in the control group. Serum levels of ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 were compared among the three groups. Three groups received spiral CT scans. ADAM8-, NSE- and CYFRA211-positive detection rates were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of different methods in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Serum ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 levels in patients with lung cancer at different TNM stages were compared.Results:Serum levels of ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 in the lung cancer and benign lung disease groups were (381.69 ± 34.82) ng/L, (255.28 ± 30.48) ng/L, (16.87 ± 3.11) μg/L, (9.27 ± 2.11) μg/L,(13.54 ± 8.10) μg/L, (3.01 ± 1.34) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(225.83 ± 24.19) ng/L, (7.42 ± 2.35) μg/L, (1.78 ± 1.02) μg/L, t = 5.352, 25.994, 4.142, 17.142, 5.165, 10.186, all P < 0.05]. Serum levels of ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 in the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign lung disease group ( t = 19.316, 14.299, 9.069, all P < 0.05). The positive detection rate of lung cancer by spiral CT combined with ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 measurements was 92.00%, which was significantly higher than that by spiral CT combined with a single detection ( χ2 = 7.862, 9.000, 11.422, 9.000, all P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of the combined method were 0.916, 0.920 and 0.900, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of spiral CT combined with a single detection. Serum ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 levels at TNM stages III-IV were (430.18 ± 36.43) ng/L, (20.05 ± 3.49) μg/L, (15.93 ± 8.22) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those at TNM stages I-II [(314.72 ± 30.85) ng/L, (12.49 ± 2.67) μg/L, (10.25 ± 6.35) μg/L, t = 11.777, 8.312, 2.644, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Spiral CT combined with serum ADAM8, NSE and CYFRA211 levels can greatly increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer, which is worthy of clinical application.

Study on chemical constituents in acid hydrolysates of Panax notoginseng saponins / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in acid hydrolysates of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Methods: These compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC and HMBC). Results: Eighteen compounds were obtained from the acid hydrolysates of PNS and characterized as dammar-25-ene-24-hydroperoxyl-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (1), 6α,12β,20S-trihydroxy- dammarane-24-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 6α,12β,20R-trihydroxy-dammarane-24-ene-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), vina-ginsenoside-R8 (4), 24(S)-pseudo-ginsenoside-GQ (5), ginsenoside Rg5 (6), 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (7), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rk2 (8), 3β,12β-dihydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (10), ginsenoside SL1 (11), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 (12), 20(22) E-ginsenoside Rh4 (13), 25-hydroxy-20(R) ginsenoside-Rh1 (14),3β,6α,12β,20(S)-20,25-epoxy-3,12-dihydroxy-dammarane-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (16), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (17), and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (18). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new triterpen saponin, and compounds 2-5 are isolated from P. notoginseng and acid dydrolysates of PNS for the first time.

Chemical constituents of triterpenes from Centipeda minima and its anti-inflammatory activities / 中草药

Objective: To study triterpenes and their anti-inflammatory activity from the ethanol extract of Centipeda minima. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, ODS and RP-HPLC gel column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. The inhibitory activity of the compound on the release of inflammatory mediators NO from mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined by Griess method, and then the anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was evaluated Results: A total of 17 compounds were isolated and identified as: 20-oxo-30-nortaraxastan-3β-yl acetate (1), 3β-acetoxytaraxaster-20-en-30-al (2), 3β-hydroxytaraxaster-20-en-30-al (3), taraxasterol (4), arnidiol (5), 3β,21β-dihydroxy-20(30)-en-taraxastane (6), faradiol (7), pseudotaraxasteryl acetate (8), taraxast-20-ene-3β,30-diol (9), 18α-olean-12-ene-3,11-dione (10), maniladiol (11), 3β- hydroxyolean-12-en-11-one (12), coflodiol (13), lupeol (14), 3β,16β-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (15), 16β-hydroxylupa-20(29)- en-3-one (16) and garcinielliptone Q (17). Compounds 2, 5-6, 8-10, 12-13, 15-17 displayed moderate inhibitory activity on theoverproduction of NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell lines, IC50 values ranging from 11.9 to 27.1 μmol/L. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product, and its 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data was first completely assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 8-10, 12, 13, 15 and 16 are isolated from C. minima for the first time. This work provided theoretical basis for clinical application of C. minima

Study on Chemical Constituents of Petroleum Ether Part from Whole Herbs of Pteris vittata / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents from the petroleum ether part from whole herbs of Pteris vittata. METHODS： The petroleum ether part from whole herbs of P. vittata was separated and isolated by silica gel column， gel column， recrystallization and TLC. The structures of the compounds were identified according to physicochemical properties and spectrum data （1H-NMR and 13C-NMR）. RESULTS： A total of 11 compounds were isolated and identified from the petroleum ether part from whole herbs of P. vittata， as （2R）-acetyl pterosin B （Ⅰ）， palmitic acid （Ⅱ）， hop-22（29）-ene （Ⅲ）， epifriedelanol （Ⅳ）， lupenone （Ⅴ）， olean-18-en-3-one （Ⅵ）， stigmasterol （Ⅶ）， β-sitosterol （Ⅷ）， 22-hydroxyhopane （Ⅸ）， ergosterol （Ⅹ）， β-sitosterol acetate （Ⅺ）. CONCLUSIONS： Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅶ and Ⅸ-Ⅺ are isolated from this plant for the first time， and can provide theoretic reference for further studying bioactive pharmacodynamic substances in P. vittata and enriching chemical component data.

A new triterpene saponin from roots of Camellia oleifera / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Camellia oleifera. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and PHPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Results: Three compounds were isolated from the roots of C. oleifera and elucidated as 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]- β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-3β,15α,16α,21β,22α,28-hexahydroxy-21-O-acetyl-22-O-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene (1), gordonoside J (2), and camelliasaponin B1 (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named camelliasaponin Ac, and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from the roots of this plant for the first time.

A new flavanoid from Rabdosia rubescens / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Rabdosia rubescens. Methods: The chemical constituent of R. rubescens was separated and purified by using of various column chromatographic technologies (silica gel, MCI, and ODS column chromatography) as well as HPLC. Structures were elucidated by physicochemical characteristics and spectral data. Results: One new flavanoiel compound was isolated from supercritical fluid extract of R. rubescens, and it was elucidated as 3’-hydroxy-2’,4’- dimethoxy-flav-3-ene (1). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new flavanoid, named as rubescenane A.

Quality Evaluation of Curcumae Radix Introduced in Zhongshan by Gray Relational Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the gray relational analysis for quality evaluation of the samples of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Method:With volatile oil and curcumin as Q-markers,and alcohol extract,germacrone,germacr-1(10)-ene-5,8-dione and curcumin as comprehensive evaluation index, the contents of the four main components in 72 samples of Curcumae Radix of 3 different varieties introduced in Zhongshan from 3 different regions were determined. The grey relational method was used to build the gray correlation evaluation model for Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Result:The relative correlation degree (γi) of 72 samples was between 0.262 and 0.697,in which γi was above 0.450 for 10 samples,and below 0.300 for 37 samples,indicating great differences in the quality of Curcumae Radix after introduction. The γi was 0.697 and 0.525 respectively for No.MY-W-4 and No.MY-W-1 from Curcumae Radix in Mayu with the best quality. The average values of γi for the samples of 3 different varieties from 3 different regions were between 0.281 and 0.420,and Mayu samples had the maximum average value,indicating that Mayu samples had the highest overall quality of,and could be introduced as excellent resources. Conclusion:The evaluation method combined with GRA method and multi-index quantification was simple,objective and comprehensive, and could be used to evaluate the quality of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan,so as to provide references for screening high-quality provenance.

Triterpenoids isolated from leaves of Ledum palustre / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Ledum palustre and their antitumor activities. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography of silica gel column, recrystallization and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were studied by MTT method. Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as ledumone (1), uvaol (2), lepenone (3), α-amyrenone (4), ursolic acid (5), lupeol (6), α-amyrin (7), fern-9(11)-ene-2α,3β-diol (8), and fernenol (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is new named as ledumone, and compounds 4, 8, and 9 are isolated from Ledum palustre for the first time. Fernane type triterpene 1, 8, and 9 show no significant cytotoxicities against A549 and K562 cells.

Chemical constituents from fruit pedicels of Panax ginseng / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the fruit pedicels of Panax ginseng. Methods The compounds were purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Results Twenty-eight compounds were isolated from the total extract of the fruit pedicels of P. ginseng. They were identified as 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (1), 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (2), 20(S)-dammar-24- ene-3-one-6α,12β,20-triol (3), (20S,23E)-dammar-23-ene-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (4), (20S,24R)-dammar-26-ene-3β,6α,12β,20,24- tetrol (5), 20(R)-dammar-3-one-6α,12β,20,25-tetrol (6), ginsenoside Rk2 (7), 20(R)-dammar-24(25)-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,20- tetrol (8), ginsenoside CK (9), 20(S)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (10), ginsenoside Rh4 (11), 20(S)-dammar-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol (12), 20(S)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,24-pentol (13), 20(R)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (14), pseudoginsenoside RT5 (15), ginsenoside Rh1 (16), ginsenoside Rh3 (17), 20(S)-dammar-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), 20(S)-isoginsenoside Rh3 (19), ginsenoside Rg1 (20), ginsenoside Y (21), ginsenoside Rd (22), ginsenoside la (23), 20(S)-dammar-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (24), ginsenoside Rg2 (25), notoginsenoside Fe (26), ginsenoside Re (27), and ginsenoside Rb1 (28), respectively. Conclusion Among them, compounds 4-6, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 21 are isolated from P. ginseng for the first time.

A new sesquiterpenoid from Artemisia lavandulaefolia / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Results Eleven compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol aqueous extract of A. lavandulaefolia and the structures were identified as (4R,5R,7R,10R)-4-hydroxy-eudesma-2,11-dien-1-one (1), 5-epi-eudesma-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol (2), eudesma-4(15)-ene-1β,6α-diol (3), methyl 3-oxo-eudesma-1,4,11(13)-trien-12-oate (4), 11β,13-dihydrosantamarin (5), anthemidin (6), scopoletin (7), paeonol (8), ethyl caffeate (9), espeletone (10), and (1R*,2S*,3S*,4S*)-mentha-1,2,3,4-tetrol (11). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound named artemilavanone A, and compounds 2-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents of EtOAc extracts from Pholidota rupestris / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from Pholidota rupestris. Methods The chemical constituents from the EtOAc soluble fraction of P. rupestris were studied and 13 compounds were isolated by the method of silica gel column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analyses and chemical properties. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as confusarin (1), ochrone A (2), coelonin (3), lusianthridin (4), batatanin III (5), gigantol (6), thunalbene (7), cyclopholidone (8), cyclopholidonol (9), syringaresinol (10), β-sitosterol (11), stigamast-5-ene-3β,7α-diol (12), and 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (13). Conclusion All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 12 have not been recorded in the genus Pholidota.

Anti-proliferation effects of dammar-24-ene-3β-acetate-20S-ol on gastric cancer cells / 医学研究生学报

Objective Based on the previous research that the ethanolic extract from traditional Chinese medicine fructus forsythiae (Lianqiao) can obviously inhibit cancer cells in vitro, the article aimed to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of dammar-24-ene-3β-acetate-20S-ol (DM) extracted from fructus forsythiae on gastric cancer cells and its mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to assess the anti-proliferation effects of DM on gastric cancer cells including SGC-7901, BGC-823, and MKN-45 in vitro.There were MKN-45 control group and its low dose and high dose groups, BGC-823 control group and its low dose and high dose groups, SGC-7901 control group and its low dose and high dose groups in the experiment.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell apoptosis rate.Cellquest software was used to analyze the results and record the ratio of cells at different cycles.DCFH-DA probe was applied to detect the ROS levels of blank control group, docetaxol group and DM group.The reaction system of microtubule assembly test was set with 10?mol/L docetaxol, 50 or 100 μmol/L DM final density and no medicine in blank control group.The readings of UV spectrophotometer were recorded.Microtubule assembly assay and microtubule immunofluorescence staining were applied to investigate the effects of DM on microtubule system.Results The inhibition ratio of 50 μg/L DM on the proliferation three gastric cell lines were all above 80%, with IC50s of MKN-45 11.72±1.35 μg/mL, BGC-823 17.19±0.82 μg/mL, SGC-7901 7.55±0.79 μg/mL.8 days′ low density culturing at 48 hours after 2 μg/mL DM treatment, compared with control group, the number of cell clones significantly reduced without much change in clone size, while 48 hours after 10 μg/mL DM treatment, besides a few clones of BGC-823, there were just several megascopic clones of SGC-7901 and MKN-45.In comparison with apoptotic cell ratio in MKN-45 control group[(21.1±2.5)%], its low dose group and high dose group resulted in significant rise of apoptotic cell ratio[(25.1±1.3)% and (55.2±2.3)%] (P0.05).In comparison with MKN-45 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase decreased in its low dose group[(14.5±2.7)% vs (12.3±3.3)%,P>0.05].In comparison with BGC-823 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase increased in its low dose group[(12.2±5.4)% vs (20.2±2.1)%,P<0.05].In comparison with SGC-7901 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase increased in its low dose group[(21.5±3.8)% vs (31.3±2.6)%,P<0.05].From the detection of intracellular active oxygen after DM treatment, dose-dependent ROS level increased in all three cell lines 48 hours after 10μg/mL and 50μg/mL DM treatment.From the results of microtubule immunofluorescence staining, 48 hours after the treatment of IC50 docetaxol and 10μg/mL DM, the fluorescence signals were in local concentration and disorder.Conclusion Dammar-24-ene-3β-acetate-20S-ol demonstrated anti-proliferation effects due to the apoptosis induced by cell cycle arrest at S phase.

Chemical constituents from flowers of Gentiana dahurica / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the flowers of Gentiana dahurica. Methods: All compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and MCI column chromatography. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: Twenty compounds were isolated from the flowers of G. dahurica. Among them, eight triterpenoids were identified as roburic acid (1), 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxy-12-ene-oleanane (2), 28-hydroxy-α-amyrin (3), 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (4), α-amyrin (5), β-amyrin (6), ursolic acid (7), and oleanolic acid (8). Twelve flavonoids were identified as 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (9), kaempferol (10), naringenin (11), apigenin (12), luteolin (13), (2S)-naringenin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (14), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), isoorientin (17), isovitexin (18), saponarin (19), and lutonarin (20). Conclusion: Seventeen compounds 1-11, 13-16, 19, and 20 are found from flowers of G. dahurica for the first time; Compounds 2-7, 9-11, 13-16, 19, and 20 are isolated from this species for the first time.

Chemical constituents of petroleum ether soluble part from whole herbs of Mulgedium tataricum / 中草药

Objective: To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of petroleum ether soluble part of 60% aq. ethanol extracts from the whole herb of Mulgedium tataricum. Methods: Separation and purification were performed on silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, PTLC, PHPLC, and related techniques. Their chemical structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses (NMR). Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as taraxasterol (1), pseudotaraxasterol (2), lupeol (3), olean-18-en-3β-ol (4), β-sitosterol (5), olean-18-en-3-one (6), 3β-hydroxy-taraxaster-20(30)-ene-28-oic acid (7), stigmasterol (8), and lupenone (9), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 are separated from this plant for the first time.

A new triterpene saponin from tdefatted seeds of Camellia oleifera / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, MPLC, and PHPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Three compounds were isolated from the defatted seeds of C. oleifera and elucidated as 3β,15α,16α,22α,28-pentol-22-O-angeloyloxy-olean-12-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D- xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6-O-methyl ester (1), gordonoside R (2), and gordonoside Q (3). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound named camelliasaponin Ab, and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

20(R)-Ginsenoside-Rh19, a novel ginsenoside from alkaline hydrolysates of total saponins in stems-leaves of Panax ginseng / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of alkaline hydrolysates of total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and the chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS spectra analyses. Results: A total of 30 compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, 28 were determined as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (2), dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (3), dammar-20(22)E,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (4), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (5), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (6), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (7), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 (8), ginsenoside Rh16 (9), isoginsenoside Rh3 (10), 20(S)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (11), 20(R)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (12), ginsenoside Rk3 (13), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 (14), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 (15), ginsenoside F1 (16), ginsenoside Rh19 (17), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh19 (18), dammar-20(22)E-ene-3β,6α,12β,25-tetrol (19), notoginsenoside T2 (20), ginsenoside Rg6 (21), 20(22)E-ginsenoside F4 (22), ginsenoside Rk1 (23), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (24), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (25), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (26), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg2 (27), and 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydroxy-dammar-20(22)E-ene-6-O-α-L-rhamno- pyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (28). Conclusion: Compound 18 is a new saponin. Compounds 3, 4, 11, 12, and 19 are rare dammarane-type triterpenes, and 7-10, 13-18, and 20-28 are rare ginsenosides.

Chemical constituents from root tubers of Fagopyrum dibotrys / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the root tubers of Fagopyrum dibotrys. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral features. Results: Fourteen known compounds were isolated from methanol extract in the dry roots of F. dibotrys and thier structures were identified as luteolin (1), tricin (2), luteolin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (3), quercetin (4), genkwanin (5), chrysoeriol (6), protocatechuic acid (7), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (8), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), glutinone (10), glutinol (11), olean-12-ene-3β, 7β, 15α, 28-tetraol (12), juglangenin A (13), and 21β-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene (14). Conclusion: Compounds 5 and 6 are firstly obtained from F. dibotrys. Compounds 12-14 are isolated from the plants of Fagopyrum Mill. for the first time.

A new triterpene saponin from stem of Camellia oleifera / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the stem of Camellia oleifera. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and PHPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis. Results: Three compounds were isolated from the stem of C. oleifera and elucidated as 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-3β,15α, 16α,22α,28-pentol-22-O-angeloyloxy-olean-12-ene (1), camelliasaponin B2 (2), gordonsaponin H (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the stem of this plant for the first time.