LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs: underlying molecular alterations and potential therapeutic strategies / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs) include endometrial stromal nodule (ESN), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS), and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Since these are rare tumor types, there is an unmet clinical need for the systematic therapy of advanced LG-ESS or HG-ESS. Cytogenetic and molecular advances in ESTs have shown that multiple recurrent gene fusions are present in a large proportion of LG-ESSs, and HG-ESSs are identified by the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon (

A Comparative Study of Conventional Septoplasty Verses Endoscopic Septoplasty

Introduction: A deviated septum can be asymptomatic or cancause functional and cosmetic abnormality. Different studieshave been proposed for correction of deviated septum butseptoplasty has been the treatment of choice. Septoplasty is amore conservative surgery and endoscopic septoplasty hasbecome increasingly popular over the last few decades.Methods: The study was carried out to compare thepostoperative results among patients of conventional andendoscopic septoplasty and to assess the efficacy ofendoscopic septoplasty with other surgeries. The present studywas conducted among 40 patients of deviated nasal septumadmitted in the department of otolaryngology of Adesh Instituteof Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda. Patients wereselected by simple random sampling and were divided intogroup A and B, with 20 patients in each group. Group Aunderwent conventional septoplasty and group B underwentendoscopic septoplasty.Results: The male to female ratio in the present study was 3:1.Deviated nasal septum was commonly associated with inferiorturbinate hypertrophy (45%) and concha bullosa (27.5%).Postoperatively, a significant relief from the symptoms ofnasal obstruction (85%), nasal discharge (25%), headache(30%) and post nasal drip (55%) was observed in endoscopicseptoplasty. Complication rate was higher in conventionalseptoplasty. The endoscopic approach facilitates properalignment by limited and precise resection of pathologicalareas.Conclusion: Endoscopic Septoplasty provides preciseresection of the pathological areas and better illumination withlimited flap dissection and exposure.

Pulse transit time technique for cuffl ess unobtrusive blood pressure measurement: from theory to algorithm

Cuffless technique holds great promise to measure blood pressure (BP) in an unobtrusive way, improving diagnostics and monitoring of hypertension and its related cardiovascular diseases, and maximizing the independence and participation of individual. Pulse transit time (PTT) has been the most commonly employed techniques for cuffl ess BP estimation. Many studies have been conducted to explore its feasibility and validate its performance in the clinical settings. However, there is still issues and challenges ahead before its wide application. This review will investigate the understanding and development of the PTT technique in depth, with a focus on the physiological regulation of arterial BP, the relationship between PTT and BP, and the summaries of the PTT-based models for BP estimation.

Factor Analysis of the Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Shift Workers

Volatile constituents of Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f., Tetradium trichotorum Lour. and Macclurodendron oligophlebia (Merr.) Hartl. (Rutaceae) from Vietnam / Compuestos volátiles de Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f., Tetradium trichotorum Lour. y Macclurodendron oligophlebia (Merr.) Hartl. (Rutaceae) provenientes de Vietnam

The chemical constituents of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f. and Tetradium trichotomum Lour., as well as the leaves and fruits of Macclurodendron oligophlebia (Merr.) Hartl. (Rutaceae) are being reported. The essential oils were analysed by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sabinene (36.9%) was the most singly abundant compound in the leaf of A. roxburghiana. The major constituents present in the leaf oil of T. trichotorum were (E)-ß-ocimene (24.8%), α-pinene (10.4%), (Z)-ß-ocimene (9.4%) and ß-caryophyllene (8.0%). On the other hand, while α-pinene (17.5%), ß-caryophyllene (15.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.6%) occurred in higher proportion in the leaf of M. oligophlebia, the fruit oil was dominated by benzyl benzoate (16.8%), (E, E)-farnesol (8.3%) and ß-caryophyllene (6.0%).

Se muestran los constituyentes químicos de los aceites esenciales obtenidos, por hidrodestilación, de las hojas de Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f. y de Tetradium trichotomum Lour., así como de las hojas y frutos de Macclurodendron oligophlebia (Merr.) Hartl. (Rutaceae). Los aceites esenciales fueron analizados por Cromatografía de Gases (CG) y por Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas (CG-EM). El compuesto más abundante en las hojas de A. roxburghiana es el sabineno (36.9%); mientras que los mayoritarios en el aceite de las hojas de T. trichotomum fueron (E)-ß-ocimeno (24.8%), α-pineno (10.4%), (Z)-ß-ocimeno (9.4%) y ß- cariofileno (8.0%). En las hojas de M. oligophlebia los compuestos más abundantes fueron α-pineno (17.5%), ß-cariofileno (15.5%) y óxido de cariofileno (10.6%); sin embargo, en el aceite obtenido del fruto fueron benzoato de bencilo (16.8%), (E, E)-farnesol (8.3%) y ß- cariofileno (6.0%).

Correlações entre Habilidades Sociais Educativas dos Professores, Burnout e Relação Professor-Aluno / Correlations of Teachers' Social Educative Skills, Burnout and the Teacher-Student Relationship / Correlaciones de las Habilidades Sociales Educativas de los Profesores, del Burnout y la Relación Profesor-Alumno

Este estudo teve por objetivo correlacionar as habilidades sociais educativas dos professores (HSE), o Burnout e a relação professor-aluno. Participaram 400 professores (M= 36,08 anos, DP = 9,94), de ambos os sexos (348 mulheres e 52 homens), os quais lecionavam no 7º, 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, provenientes de oito escolas, sendo quatro públicas e quatro particulares, situadas em cidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os professores responderam ao Questionário com informações demográficas e nível socioeconômico, à Escala da Relação Professor-Aluno (IHSE-Del-Prette), ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Educativas (IHSE-Del-Prette) e ao Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados indicaram que as HSE dos professores se associaram positivamente com a relação professor-aluno e negativamente com o Burnout, sendo esse correlacionado negativamente com a relação professor-aluno. O modelo de regressão evidenciou que as HSE dos professores têm maior poder preditivo sobre as relações entre professores e alunos nos Anos Finais do E.F. Conclui-se que intervenções com foco na aprendizagem de HSE dos professores podem contribuir para a prevenção de Burnout, assim como promover o desenvolvimento acadêmico e socioafetivo de seus alunos. (AU)

This study aimed to correlate teacher´s social educative skills, Burnout and teacher-student relationship. 400 teachers (M= 36.08 years old, SD= 9.94) of both genders (348 females and 52 males) that taught grade 7, 8 and 9 students of four private and four public middle schools, situated in cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, participated of the study. The teachers answered a demographic and socio-economic questionnaire, a Teacher-Student Scale (TSE), a Social Skill Educative Inventory (SSEI) and a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results indicated that teachers' social educative skills correlated positively with the teacher-student relationship but negatively with Burnout, which correlated negatively with the teacher-student relationship. Furthermore, the regression model evidenced that the teachers' social educative skills have stronger predictive power over the relationships between teachers and students in final middle-school grades. Thus, it is possible to conclude that interventions with a focus on teacher's social educative skills learning may contribute to Burnout prevention, as well as promote academic and socio-affective development of their students. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo correlacionar las habilidades sociales educativas de los profesores (HSE), del Burnout y la relación profesor-alumno. Participaron 400 profesores (M = 36,08 años, DP = 9,94), de ambos sexos (348 mujeres y 52 hombres) que enseñaban el 7º, 8º y 9º año de la Enseñanza Fundamental, provenientes de ocho escuelas, siendo cuatro públicas y cuatro particulares, que se encuentra en ciudades del Estado de Río de Janeiro. Los profesores respondieron al Cuestionario con informaciones demográficas y nivel socioeconómico, a la Escala de la Relación Profesor-Alumno (ERPA), al Inventario de Habilidades Sociales Educativas (IHSE) y al Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados indicaron que las HSE de los profesores asociaron positivamente con la relación profesor-alumno y negativamente con el burnout, siendo ese correlacionado negativamente con la relación profesor-alumno. La plantilla de regresión evidencio que las HSE de los profesores tienen mayor poder predictivo sobre las relaciones entre profesores y alumnos los años finales del E.F. Se concluye que intervenciones con foco en el aprendizaje de HSE de los profesores pueden contribuir para la prevención de Burnout, así como promover el desarrollo académico y socio afectivo de sus alumnos. (AU)

The effect of impaired sleep on preterm labour / Efecto de los trastornos del sueño en el trabajo de parto prematuro

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance has become an important health problem for pregnant women. In fact, pregnancy-associated sleep disorder has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity. We aimed to study the relationship between sleep disturbance and preterm birth during pregnancy in a sample of Iranian women. METHODS: In this analytical cohort study, 231 pregnant women in their 28th-32nd gestational week were recruited, using the multistage sampling method, from four healthcare centres in Ardabil, Iran, during 2010. The women were followed-up until 37-week gestation. One hundred and twelve women did not have sleep disturbances while 119 women had sleep disturbances. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a demographic data questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, t, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS: The prevalence of preterm labour was 11.8%in women with sleep disorder compared with 11.6% in women without sleep disorder (p = 0.9). Sleep duration less than eight hours, daytime dysfunction and impaired quality of life as a component of ISI showed a significant relationship with preterm birth (p = 0.02, p = 0.044, and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although daily dysfunction and lower quality of life because of sleep problems, and total sleep duration were variables associated with preterm birth, we found no significant relationship between sleep disorder and preterm birth.

ANTECEDENTES: La alteración del sueño se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud para las mujeres embarazadas. De hecho, los trastornos del sueño asociados con el embarazo han sido reconocidos como una entidad clínica distinta. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre los trastornos del sueño y los nacimientos prematuros durante el embarazo en una muestra de mujeres iraníes MÉTODOS: En este estudio de cohorte analítica, se reclutaron 231 mujeres embarazadas en su semana gestacional de 28 - 32, utilizando el método de muestreo por etapas, de cuatro centros de atención a la salud en Ardabil, Irán, durante el año 2010. Las mujeres tuvieron seguimiento hasta la semana 37 de gestación. Ciento doce mujeres no tuvieron trastornos del sueño, en tanto que 119 mujeres tuvieron trastornos del sueño. El índice de severidad de insomnio (ISI), la escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESS) y un cuestionario de datos demográficos, fueron utilizados para la recolección de datos. Los datos fueron analizados usando el software SPSS. La estadística descriptiva, t, Chi-cuadrado, el test exacto de Fisher, y las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, fueron usadas según correspondiera. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del trabajo de parto prematuro fue de 11.8% en las mujeres con trastorno del sueño, en comparación con el 11.6% en las mujeres sin trastorno del sueño (p = 0.9). La duración del sueño de menos de ocho horas, la disfunción diurna, así como el deterioro de la calidad de vida como um componente de ISI, mostraron una relación significativa con los nacimientos prematuros (p = 0.02, p = 0.044 y p = 0.047, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque la disfunción diurna y el deterioro de la calidad de vida debido a problemas con el sueño, al igual que la duración total del sueño, fueron variables asociadas con el parto prematuro, no hallamos ninguna relación significativa entre el trastorno del sueño y los nacimientos prematuros.

Postoperative Residual Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Treated with Gamma Knife Surgery

Juvenile nasophayngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a histologically benign but highly vascular, agressively expansile lesion that occurs exclusively in prepubescent or pubescent males. Traditional treatmemt strategy of JNA has included open surgical approaches for majority of tumors. However, radiosurgery has been rarely applied for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) and cumulative reports are lacking. The authors report a case of successful treatment of postoperative residual JNA with gamma knife radiosurgery.

Conventional septoplasty verses endoscopic septoplasty: A comparative study.

The study was carried out to compare the postoperative morbidity among patients of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty and to assess the efficacy and use of endoscopic septoplasty with other endoscopic surgeries. The present prospective study was conducted among 100 patients of deviated nasal septum, admitted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, of Sawai Man Singh Medical College and hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Patients were selected by simple random sampling procedure and were divided into group A and B, with 50 cases in each group. Group A underwent conventional septoplasty and group B underwent endoscopic septoplasty. Deviated nasal septum was commonly associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (75%) and concha bullosa (26%). Postoperatively, a significant relief from the symptoms of nasal obstruction (96%), nasal discharge (88%), headache (100%) and post nasal drip (67%) was observed in endoscopic septoplasty. Posterior deviations were best corrected by endoscopic septoplasty. Complication rate was higher in conventional septoplasty. The endoscopic approach to septoplasty facilitates accurate identification of the pathology. It facilitates realignment by limited and precise resection of the pathological areas.

Modificaciones dinámicas en los islotes de Langerhans de dos Líneas de ratas espontaneamente diabeticas / Dynamic modifications in islets of Langerhans in two lines of spontaneously diabetic rats

La rata eSMT derivó del cruzamiento de eSS y b, líneas de la cepa IIM. eSS es un modelo de diabetes tipo 2 sin sobrepeso; b desarrolla obesidad moderada e intolerancia tardía a la glucosa. Fueron comparados características metabólicas y hallazgos histopatológicos del páncreas endocrino entre eSS y eSMT. Cotejados con eSS, los animales eSMT jóvenes son más corpulentos y desarrollan hiperglucemia de ayuno e intolerancia a la glucosa más precoces e intensas. En los machos eSMT de 6 y 9 meses existen islotes de formas alteradas y con fibrosis, detectándose esporádicas imágenes de apoptosis. En los de un año se tornan más pequeños y escasos, remedando la histoarquitectura de los machos eSS en el segundo año de vida; posteriormente los islotes van disgregándose, a la vez que muestran ocasionales mitosis y se observa nesidioblastosis. Se sugiere que estas modificaciones dinámicas constituyen una respuesta a la hiperglucemia. Las hembras eSS conservan por más tiempo la estructura insular y tienen menores alteraciones de la glucemia. El dimorfismo sexual del síndrome diabético de eSMT es atenuado respecto de eSS. La construcción de una tipología de individuos mediante el análisis multivariado separó tres clusters, evidenciando diferencias genéticas, etáreas y de sexo.

The eSMT rat is derived from the crossing of eSS and b, both lines belonging to the IIM strain, while eSS is a model of type 2 diabetes without overweight and b develops moderate obesity and late glucose intolerance. Metabolic characteristics and histopathological findings in endocrine pancreas of eSS and eSMT were compared. Young eSMT animals are more robust than eSS and develop more intense fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance at an earlier age. eSMT males of 6 and 9 months show islets with altered shapes and fibrosis, as well as sporadic images of apoptosis. At 12 months of age, islets are reduced in number and size, resembling the histoarchitecture of eSS males during their second year of life; eventually islets undergo disruption and, at the same time, occasional mitoses and nesidioblastosis are seen. These dynamic modifications may be expressing a response to hyperglycemia. eSS females preserve their insular structure for a longer time and have less glycemic alterations. Sexual dimorphism of the diabetic syndrome of eSMT is attenuated when compared with eSS. The construction of a typology of individuals through multivariate analysis separated three clusters, evidencing genetic, age and sex differences.

Height and Shape of Skull Base as Risk Factors for Skull Base Penetration during ESS

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CT/MRI has identified several risk factors for life threatening complications of skull base penetration during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We compared these risk factors in groups of patients with and without penetration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of direct coronal paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scans was done. Using preoperative CT scans of 100 patients without penetration, and 7 with penetration, we classified height into 4 groups and contour into 2 groups. The frequencies of shape and height differences of the right and left skull base were calculated in each group. RESULTS: 6 of the 7 patients who had skull base penetration, ESS was performed by a resident or junior staff member having less than 3 years experience with this technique. Shape asymmetry was significantly higher in with penetration (4 out of 7 patients (57%)) and much less in without penetration (18 out of 100 patients, 18%, p=0.032). The frequencies of low skull base and height difference were seen in 15% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most important risk factor for inadvertent skull base penetration during ESS is the surgeon's experience and asymmetric shape of the right and left skull base.

A case of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with multiple metastasis / 대한산부인과학회지

Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors of mesodermal origin and constitute 2-6% of uterine malignancies. They are classified into leiomyosarcoma (LMS), malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs), and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) by histologic types. Endometrial stromal sarcomas account for about 7-15% of uterine sarcomas, about 0.2% of female genital tract malignancies. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are divided into endometrial stromal nodule, low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma on the basis of mitotic activity and vascular invasion. Clinical outcome of low-grade endometrial sarcoma is better than that of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and has a propensity for slow metastasis. We have experienced a case of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with multiple metastasis in a 41-year-old woman and was treated by surgical resection and combination chemotherapy, which is presented with a review of brief literature.

Uterine sarcoma: Clinical findings of 8 Cases / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Uterine sarcoma is relatively rare tumor of mesodermal origin, and constitutes 2% to 6% of uterine malignancies. It is the most malignant group of gynecologic tumors and presents difficult problems in regard to diagnosis and management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinicopathologic findings and outcome of patients with uterine sarcoma. METHODS: From March 1990 to March 2004, 8 patients were evaluated with histologically proven uterine sarcoma at department of obstetrics and gynecology of Gyeongsang University Hospital for their clinical profiles and survival retrospectively. RESULTS: The age of patients with uterine sarcoma ranged 39 to 71, and the mean age was 58.4 years. The common presenting symptoms were abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and lower abdominal palpable mass. Using the FIGO classification: two patients had stage I, one patients had stage II, two patients had stage III, three patients had stage IV disease. Four patients were treated with surgery followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, three patients were treated surgery alone, and one patient was treated with radiotherapy alone. Recurrences were revealed at two patients, and the sites were pelvis and brain. The mean duration of follow up was 25.1 months and the overall 2 years survival rate was 25%. The most common pathologic type of uterine sarcomas was leiomyosarcoma. MMMT (malignant mixed mullerian tumor) showed worse prognosis than LMS (leiomyosarcoma) or ESS (endometrial stromal sarcoma). CONCLUSION: Uterine sarcoma are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. Age and stage were significant prognostic factor. The primary treatment modality has been surgical resection. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not get been clearly defined and further large scaled multicentric studies are needed.

Anatomic Variations of the Paranasal Sinus in Children with Chronic Sinusitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic sinus surgery in children has increased in the recent years. Therefore, we need to know the precise anatomy and anatomic variations of the nose, and we also need to know the relationship between these anatomic variations and sinusitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: To assess the extent and distribution of diseases as well as associated anatomic abnormalities in this pediatric population, we retrospectively reviewed 94 OMU CT scans of children who showed continued symptoms of sinusitis after extensive medical therapy had failed. RESULTS: Maxillary sinusitis was the most common sinus infection, followed by ethmoidal, sphenoidal and frontal sinusitis. A agger nasi cell was the most common anatomic variation, followed by septal deviation, Haller's cell, concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate and Onodi's cell. There was no statistical significance between the sinusitis and anatomic variations. CONCLUSION: Anatomic variations in the nose are common in children. However, because there is no definitive relationship between the anatomic variations and sinus disease, local, systemic or environmental factors appear to be more important in pediatric sinusitis than anatomic variations.

3 Cases of Low-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) of the myometrium compose just 0.2% of uterine malignant tumors. In terms of their cellular mitotic activities, they are named as low grade or high grade ESS. As low grade ESS are very rare, we would like to report our 3 cases with immunohistochemical stain method, treatment option as the disease progression and the brief review of literature.

Post-operative Result of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Paranasal Sinusitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic sinus surgery has recently become a popular and effective treatment method for chronic paranasal sinusitis. Although several papers have been written about the results of ESS, little has appeared about its longterm results. The purpose of this study is therefore to add to the understanding long-terms results of EES by presenting our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report our experience on 410 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic paranasal sinusitis from January 1993 to August 1995 and a long term follow-up study from 12 to 36 months. We evaluated their preoperative symptoms, previous nasal surgery history, anatomical variations on the preoperative OMU-CT, pattern of inflammatory sinonasal disease, as well as their postoperative improvement of the symptoms using questionnaires and the endoscopic sinonasal findings. RESULTS: Nasal obstruction was the most improved symptom. Patients without any history of nasal surgery had relatively good results compared to those with previous operation history. Patients with an OMU anatomical variation also had relatively good results compared to those with no OMU variation. Among the different patterns of chronic paranasal sinusitis based on the Babbel classification, the sinonasal polyposis pattern (IV) showed most inferior postoperative improvement of the symptoms. Nevertheless, the overall postoperative improvement of chronic paranasal sinusitis indicates that the endoscopic sinonasal surgery was effective. CONCLUSION: On the whole, 371 (91%) of the 410 patients benefited from this procedure, indicating that endoscopic sinus surgery provides an efficient method for treating chronic sinusitis and that sinonasal polyposis can be managed with a high level of success.

Significance of Uncinate Process and Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography in Endoscopic Frontal Recess Approach / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of uncinate process variations in paranasal sinus(PNS) coronal computed tomography(CT) scan, and to recommend the accurate frontal recess approach technique by uncinate process variations. METHOD: We initiated a prospective, randomized study in fifty patients(100 cases) of frontal sinusitis. Cases were classified as three groups depending on the PNS CT scan findings according to the Stammberger's classification. And then, we could identify the ostium of the frontal sinus by manipulating the terminal recess in group A. It was also shown at the lateral side of uncinate process by approaching anterosuperiorly from below the uncinate process with a bent spoon in group B. Finally, we could find the ostium of the frontal sinus by fracturing the bony septa with a bent spoon in group C. RESULTS: In the evaluation of the uncinate process variations by PNS CT scan, 45(98%) of 46 cases(Group A), 24(100%) of 24cases(Group B), 18(86%) of 21cases(Group C) were in accord with operative finding, and 9cases could not be determined by PNS CT scan. We could identify easily the frontal sinus opening with this technique, and there were no serious post-operative complications. CONCLUSIONS: PNS coronal CT scan is useful in the evaluation of the uncinate process variations, and this frontal recess approach technique is safe and easy to identify the frontal sinus opening.

Clinical Analysis for Complications after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Korea during Past 7 Years / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Based on the work of Messerklinger, endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) has become popular during recent years. Many reports on the technique of, indications for, and results of ESS have been published. Few reports are devoted exclusively to the complications of ESS in Korea. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, the complications of ESS in Korea and the findings and prevention of complications are discussed through early recognition and appropriate management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study about the complications of ESS was done on 42 hospitals from 1988 to 1995 in Korea. The incidence of complications of ESS in Korea(total 31,012 cases) is compared to complications in three other series of patients(total 2,165 cases) who underwent ESS in foreign contries and three series of patients(total 2,454 cases) who underwent conventional endonasal sinus surgery. RESULTS: Major complications occurred in 0.04% and major bleeding was the commonest. Minor complications occurred in 22.54% and were related to recurrent inflammatory symptom and midddle turbinate adhesions. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences in incidence of each complications according to surgical approach. In major complications, the incidence of intracranial and orbital complication with the conventional endonasal sinus surgery approach was higher than that of endoscopic approach. Another difference is that adhesions do not occur with the conventional approach because middle turbinate is routinely removed. The incidence of recurrent symptoms was highest with ESS in Korea. We discuss complications of the procedures and the related factors to complications.

Evaluation of the clinical effect in the treatment of 42 patients with acute cerebral infarctions with Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Capsule / 中成药

AIM: To evaluate the clinical curative effect of Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Capsule in the treatment of acute cerebral infarctions. METHODS: 72 patients were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group and contrast group.The treatment group on the basis of the regular treatment was assigned to 28 days of treatment with Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Capsule.The contrast group on the same regular treatment was assigned to 28 days of treatment with Fufang Danshen Injection.The European Stroke Score(ESS) and clinical curative effect were evaluated in the treatment group and control group on the 28~(th) day. RESULTS: After 28 days,the European Stroke Score(ESS) of the treatment group(6.02?4.81) decreased significantly in the control group(7.88?4.85)(P

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Three Pharmacotherapeutic Schemes for Hemorrhage of Upper Digestive Tract Caused by Liver Cirrhosis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost and effectiveness of three pharmacotherapeutic schemes for hemorrhage of upper digestive tract caused by liver cirrhosis.METHODS:132 patients with hemorrhage of upper digestive tract were treated by different drugs:octreotide(49),somatostatin(42),pituitrin(41).Evaluation was carried out with pharmacoeconomic cost-ef_fectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The hemostatic rates of octreotide,somatostatin and pituitrin for rupture of esophageal varicosis were 88.89%,80% and 46.15%;for peptic ulcer bleeding associated with liver cirrhosis 88.89%,87.50% and 50.00% and for hemorrhage from acute gastric mucosa erosion combined with liver cirrhosis 100.00%,94.44% and 68.18%,respectively.The costs of octreotide,somatostatin and pituitrin schemes were RMB 2 242.8,3 294 and 996.2 yuans,respectively.CONCLU_SION:According to the evaluation with pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis,the therapeutic scheme of pituitrin seems to be the best one for treating hemorrhage of upper digestive tract resulting from liver cirrhosis.