Avaliação do vocabulário em crianças brasileiras: revisão sistemática de estudos com três instrumentos / Vocabulary assessment in Brazilian children: a systematic review with three instruments

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar, por meio de revisão sistemática, como três instrumentos de avaliação do vocabulário infantil (Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW, Expressive Vocabulary Test - EVT - e Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - PPVT) têm sido utilizados nas pesquisas brasileiras, verificando seus propósitos de usos e os principais resultados encontrados. Estratégia de pesquisa: a revisão foi organizada em dois estudos. O Estudo 1 referiu-se ao procedimento de busca a priori, e o Estudo 2, ao procedimento de busca a posteriori. Foram consultadas três bases de dados nacionais (CAPES, SciELO e PePSIC). Critérios de seleção: para o Estudo 1, foram selecionados artigos empíricos contendo resultados de pesquisas em um dos testes de interesse, em amostra de crianças com desenvolvimento típico em idade escolar (7-10 anos). Para o Estudo 2, foi ampliada a busca para crianças em idade pré-escolar e com algum tipo de transtorno do desenvolvimento. Análise dos dados: os artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e sintetizados em uma tabela contendo objetivo do estudo, faixa etária da amostra, instrumento, delineamento, principais resultados e periódico de publicação. Resultados: foram encontrados 24 estudos, a maioria na área da Fonoaudiologia. Os resultados indicam predominância de pesquisas transversais e observacionais, que buscaram traçar perfil cognitivo de crianças com algum transtorno do desenvolvimento, utilizando ou não grupos de controle. Nenhuma pesquisa tratou da investigação psicométrica dos instrumentos. Conclusão: mostra-se necessária a condução de pesquisas no Brasil que enfoquem na investigação psicométrica de instrumentos de avaliação do vocabulário em crianças pré-escolares e em idade escolar.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate, through a systematic review, how three assessment instruments for children's vocabulary (Test of Childhood language ABFW, Expressive Vocabulary Test - EVT, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - PPVT) have been used in Brazilian research, verifying its purposes of uses and the main results of the researches. Research strategy: This review was organized in three studies. Study 1 referred to the process of a priori search and Study 2 referred to the a posteriori search. We searched for three Brazilian's database (CAPES, SciELO, and PePSIC). Selection criteria: For Study 1, we selected empirical studies containing research data with one of the three-targeted tests, using typically developing school children (7 to 10 years old). For Study 2, we enlarged the age range for pre-school and extended the search to non-typically developing children. Data analysis: The selected articles were fully read and synthesized in a table containing the study's aims, the age range of the sample, instrument, research design, main results, and journal. Results: We found out 24 articles, most of which from the speech-language therapy area. The results indicated the predominance of cross-sectional and observational studies, aiming to delineate the cognitive profile of children with some developmental disturbance, with or without control groups. None of the researches conducted a psychometric inquiry of the instruments. Conclusion: In Brazil, it is necessary to carry out research focusing on the psychometric inquiry of instruments for evaluating the vocabulary in pre-school and school-age children.

Identification and characterization of related substances in EVT-401 by hyphenated LC–MS techniques / 药物分析学报

A sensitive and selective method was developed for the separation and characterization of related substances (RSs) in EVT-401 by hyphenated LC–MS techniques. Complete separation of the RSs was achieved with an Inertsil ODS-SP column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid solution, methanol and acetonitrile. EVT-401 was found to be susceptible to acid, alkaline and oxidative stresses, while relatively stable under photolytic and thermal dry stress conditions. Fourteen RSs including six process-related substances and eight degradation products were detected and identified in EVT-401 with positive ESI high-resolution TOF-MS analysis of their parent ions and the corresponding product mass spectra elucidation, and some of them were further verified by chemical synthesis and NMR spectroscopy. The specific LC–MS method developed for separation, identification and characterization of RSs is valuable for EVT-401 manufacturing process optimization and quality control.

Renal Arteriovenous Malformation with Multiple Renal Artery Aneurysms Treated by Control of the Arterial Inflow Alone / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>Endovascular treatment is a first-line treatment for renal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Endovascular treatment might be effective in patients with aneurysmal-type renal AVMs, which involve one feeding artery and one drainage vein, because control of the feeding artery, rather than the aneurysm itself, could have a therapeutic effect. Herein, we describe two cases of patients with renal AVM with multiple renal artery aneurysms, who were treated by controlling the arterial inflow alone. In Case 1, the patient was a 76-year-old woman with renal AVM discovered during examination for another medical condition. A computed tomography scan revealed four renal aneurysms (φ38/44/24/35 mm) ranging from an intimal defect in the right renal artery to the drainage vein running into the inferior vena cava (IVC). Although we had planned to use a covered stent in the right renal artery to cover the intimal defect without embolization of the aneurysms, a minor artery proximal to the aneurysm was found near the orifice of the right renal artery. Therefore, we used a covered stent in the right renal artery after embolization of the most proximal aneurysm was performed. In Case 2, a 78-year-old man was referred to our facility because a renal AVM was found during examination for lower back pain. The distal posterior branch of the right renal artery attached to the multiple aneurysms and directly drained into the IVC, which was diagnosed as an aneurysmal-type renal AVM. Because there were no arteries arising from the aneurysms in the right renal artery, which fed the renal parenchyma, embolization of only the inflow artery was performed. For both patients, renal blood flow was maintained without any decrease of the renal function. In these patients, although renin-angiotensin system activity was within the normal range, and blood pressure became better controlled postoperatively. In addition, there was significant improvement in the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels postoperatively. Thus, we believe that unstable hypertension and/or high-output heart failure as well as the aneurysmal size should be assessed in the management of renal AVMs.</p>

Surgical Clipping of Intracranial Aneurysm Regrown after Endovascular Coiling

Operative clipping after previous endovascular coiling in an aneurysm is a different problem from primary clipping procedure for neurosurgeons. With the increasing use of coil embolization, neurosurgeons will more and more face the similar situation. We report surgical clipping cases of intracranial aneurysm regrown after endovascular coiling. Three patients with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) with detachable coils. The aneurysms were in the posterior communicating artery, the middle cerebral artery, and distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA). Two near-total occlusions and one partial occlusion were achieved by EVT. After several months, angiographic follow-up revealed regrowth of the aneurysm requiring surgical clipping. Here, we report three cases in which surgical clipping was more difficult than a usual clipping procedure performed several months after EVT, because of adhesion and coil bulging into the aneurysmal neck. The difficulty of the treatment of the residual aneurysm after coiling is discussed, as are the surgical complications and limitations of clipping.