RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To capacitate pregnant women to comply with measures designed to prevent sudden infant death syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted before and after the intervention that included pregnant women attending the Course of Preparation for Childbirth and Parenthood of Health Centers Cluster. Six training sessions were given in the context of preventing this syndrome. Three questionnaires were applied, one to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women before classes, other was submitted after the sessions, and another, one month after the birth of the babies, to identify what skills were acquired and which were practiced. Results: Among 77 studied pregnant women, 70 answered pre-session questionnaire and the proportion of correct answers varied from from 60.0% to 84.3%. After the intervention, 64 women answered the questionnaire and the proportion of correct answers varied between 79.7% and 100% . Prior to the intervention, the most wrong answers were related to the role of smoking as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome and to the use of pacifiers as a protective measure. After the sessions, all women answered correctly to the questions concerning where the baby should sleep and the safest way to lay the baby in the cradle. Conclusions: Health education with the aim of establishing measures may have a significant impact in terms of care delivery and mortality rate caused by sudden infant death syndrome.
RESUMO Objetivo: Capacitar as grávidas para o cumprimento de medidas de prevenção da síndrome de morte súbita do lactente. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental pré- e pós-intervenção que integrou as grávidas que frequentavam o Curso de Preparação para o Parto e Parentalidade do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde. Foram ministradas seis sessões formativas no âmbito da prevenção desta síndrome. Três questionários foram aplicados, um para avaliar os conhecimentos das gestantes antes das aulas, outro foi submetido após as sessões, e outro, um mês após o nascimento dos bebês para identificar que conhecimentos foram adquiridos e quais foram praticados. Resultados: Da amostra de 77 grávidas, relativamente ao questionário pré-sessão (n=70), obteve-se uma proporção de respostas corretas entre 60,0-84,3%. Posteriormente à intervenção (n=64), verificou-se um incremento dos conhecimentos com 79,7-100% de acertos. Previamente à intervenção, as respostas mais erradas às questões eram inerentes ao papel do tabagismo como fator de risco para síndrome de morte súbita do lactente e ao uso da chupeta como medida protetora. Após as sessões, todas as mulheres responderam corretamente às questões relativas ao local onde o bebê deve dormir e à forma mais segura de colocar o bebê no berço. Conclusões: Este projeto demonstrou que a educação para a saúde com o intuito de instituir medidas pode ter um impacto significativo em termos de prestação de cuidados e taxa de mortalidade por síndrome de morte súbita do lactente.
RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Realizar una intervención temprana educativa, para fortalecer el conocimiento sobre hábitos alimentarios saludables en amas de casa de la Zona Centro de Nuevo Padilla, Tamaulipas, México. Materiales y Métodos: Para poder llegar a la intervención se requirió previamente de un diagnóstico de salud, en el cual se identificaron los factores determinantes, daños, servicios y recursos para la salud. Posteriormente, se propuso realizar una intervención temprana educativa mediante un programa dirigido a amas de casa, impartiendo 3 exposiciones con tópicos selectos de alimentación y nutrición, y 2 talleres prácticos donde participaron 50 amas de casa dentro de la zona de intervención, cuya duración fue de abril a junio 2021. El nivel de conocimiento adquirido previo y posterior de la intervención fue analizado a través una prueba no paramétrica Man-Whitney (P˂0.01), para el análisis de las variables de los conocimientos de hábitos alimentarios saludables del cuestionario, se utilizó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) (P˂0.0318). Resultados: En el diagnóstico de salud, se identificaron 14 problemas de salud, siendo la dieta inadecuada uno de los principales problemas detectados. Durante la intervención temprana educativa se observó que en el total de las participantes el conocimiento adquirido sobre hábitos alimentarios saludables se incrementó en un 14%. Por su parte, en la aplicación del cuestionario sobre el conocimiento de hábitos alimentarios saludables aumentó principalmente sobre los siguientes puntos: la definición de dieta (72%), grupos de alimentos (14%), propiedades organolépticas (78%), ingesta correcta de agua (30%), la combinación de leguminosas con cereales (6%), consumo moderado de grasas (12%) y alimentos industrializados (26%). Conclusiones: Con la intervención temprana educativa aplicada a las amas de casa se logró aumentar el grado de conocimientos sobre hábitos alimentarios saludables, lo cual contribuirá a llevar un estilo de vida más saludable.
Abstract Objective: To carry out an early educational intervention to strengthen the knowledge about healthy eating habits in homemakers of the Central Zone of Nuevo Padilla, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A health diagnosis was required previously applied early educational intervention, in which the determining factors, damages, services and resources for health were identified. Subsequently, it was proposed to carry out an educational intervention through a program aimed at homemakers, giving three presentations with selected topics of food and nutrition and two practical workshops where 50 housewives participated within the intervention area, whose duration was from April to June 2021. The level of knowledge acquired before and after the intervention was analyzed using a Man-Whitney non-parametric test (P˂0.01) for the analysis of the variables of the healthy eating habits knowledge of the questionnaire, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P˂0.0318). Results: In the health diagnosis, 14 health problems were identified, being the inadequate diet one of the main problems detected. During the early educational intervention, it was observed that the knowledge acquired about healthy eating habits increased by 14% in all the participants. For its part, in the application of the questionnaire on the knowledge of healthy eating habits, it increased mainly on the following points: the definition of diet (72%), food groups (14%), organoleptic properties (78%), correct intake of water (30%), the combination of legumes with cereals (6%), moderate fat consumption (12%) and industrialized foods (26%). Conclusions: With the early educational intervention applied to homemakers, it was possible to increase the degree of knowledge about healthy eating habits, contributing to leading a healthier lifestyle.