Evaluación de respuesta a la quimiorradioterapia en carcinomas no microcíticos de pulmón en estadios iniciales

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón representa la causa más común de muerte por enfermedades malignas en el mundo. La tasa de respuesta al tratamiento es pobre aún en estadios iniciales y depende de varios elementos. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta a la quimiorradioterapia en carcinomas de pulmón en estadios iniciales según hábito de fumar, histología y etapa clínica al diagnóstico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación, analítico, transversal, retrospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por los 45 pacientes con diagnóstico citohistológico de cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en etapas desde la IA a la IIIA, que recibieron tratamiento de primera línea con quimiorradioterapia, atendidos en el Centro Oncológico Provincial de Matanzas, en el período de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: Se obtuvo respuesta completa en un 36,6 % de los no fumadores y en el 25 % de los fumadores. En cuanto a respuesta completa a la quimiorradioterapia de los tumores de pulmón según histología, en los adenocarcinomas fue del 10 %; en los epidermoides, 22,6 %, y en los adenoescamosos, 50 %. En etapas IA-IB presentó respuesta completa el 50 % de los casos, en las IIA-IIB el 37,5 %, mientras que en la IIIA predominó la respuesta parcial. Conclusiones: Los mejores porcientos de respuesta completa se obtuvieron en los no fumadores, con tipo histológico adenoescamoso y en etapas IA-IB.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from malignant diseases in the world. The response rate to treatment is poor even in the initial stages and depends on several elements. Objective: To evaluate the response to chemoradiotherapy in lung carcinomas in early stages according to smoking habit, histology and clinical stage at diagnosis. Materials and method: An analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective evaluation study was carried out; the universe consisted of 45 patients with a cytohistological diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer in stages from IA to IIIA, who received first-line treatment with chemoradiotherapy, attended at the Provincial Cancer Center of Matanzas, in the period of January 2017 to December 2019. Results: A complete response was obtained in 36.6% of non-smokers and in 25% of smokers. Regarding complete response to chemoradiotherapy of lung tumors according to histology, in adenocarcinomas it was 10%, in epidermoids, 22.6%, and in adenosquamous cell, 50%. In stages IA-IB, 50% of the cases presented a complete response, in stages IIA-IIB, 37.5%, while in IIIA partial response predominated. Conclusions: The best percentages of complete response were obtained in non-smokers, with adenosquamous histology type and in stages IA-IB.

Antiviral Activity of Gemcitabine Against Echovirus 30 Infection in Vitro

Echovirus 30 is one of the major causes of meningitis in children and adults. The purpose of our current study was to investigate whether selected antiviral drugs could provide antiviral activity against echovirus 30. Using RD cells, we assessed the cytopathic effect of echovirus 30, including viral RNA levels as indicators of viral replication. The effects of gemcitabine were compared to rupintrivir, a well-known antiviral drug. To understand the activity gemcitabine exerts on the viral life cycle, time course and time-of-addition assays were implemented. The most effective compounds against echovirus 30 were gemcitabine and rupintrivir, as demonstrated by their concentration-dependent activity. Gemcitabine affects the early stages of echovirus 30 infection by disrupting viral replication. However, gemcitabine failed to directly inactivate echovirus 30 particles or impede viral uptake into the RD cells. Gemcitabine can be considered as a lead candidate in the development of echovirus 30 antiviral drugs, specifically in the early stages of echovirus 30 replication.

Análisis mono-intitucional de pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino tratadas con cirugía de wertheim meigs / Mono-intitutional analysis of patients with cervical cancer treated with surgery of wertheim meigs

El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en la provincia de Misiones. Objetivo primario: evaluación de las pacientes con CCU en estadios tempranos, sometidas a cirugía de Wertheim Meigs (WM). Objetivos secundarios: analizar las características clínico patológicas asociadas a los patrones de eficacia, en términos de SLR-SG y morbilidades. La búsqueda fue multidisciplinaria y activa, se seleccionaron mujeres con diagnóstico de CCU en estadios tempranos, tratadas con cirugía de WM, período 2010-2017. Se registraron datos clínico-patológicos y terapéuticos. Se calculó tasa de recurrencia local-sistémica, SLE y SG. Fuente de datos: RISMI (HC Informatizada), RITA (Registro de tumores), sub-registros de los servicios de ginecología y oncología. Se incluyeron 101 pacientes, edad promedio de 38 años. El 56% (57) se encontraba asintomático al momento del diagnóstico. La vía de abordaje fue laparotomía en el 97% (98), tiempo operatorio promedio 247 minutos. El promedio de días de internación post operatorio fue de 5.3. Ausencia de complicaciones post operatorias en 79% (80). Promedio de ganglios resecados 12, FIGO patológico IB en 42% (43). Realizaron adyuvancia 36% (35). Recurrencias loco-regionales y sistémicas 8% (5), tiempo medio a la recaída 37 meses. Mediana de seguimiento a 3 años: VSE 60% (35), PDSEG 27% (15), tasa de mortalidad específica 11% (6), VCE 6% (3). El CCU en estadios tempranos, diagnosticado y tratado por un grupo multidisciplinario en el Hospital Escuela de Agudos Dr. Ramón Madariaga, presentó patrones de eficacia y tasas de supervivencia enfermedad específica y de mortalidad, similar a las informadas en la literatura (AU)

Cervical cancer (CC) is the leading cause of cancer death in Misiones province. Primary objective: evaluation of patients with CCU in early stages submitted to Wertheim Meigs (WM) surgery. Secondary objectives: clinical pathological characteristics associated with efficacy patterns in terms of SLR-SG and morbidities. The research was multidisciplinary and active, we selected women with CC in early stages, treated with WM surgery, period 2010- 2017. Clinical-pathological and therapeutic data were recorded. Local-systemic recurrence rate, SLE, SG was calculated. Data source: RISMI (HC Computerized), RITA (Tumor Registry), subregistries of gynecology and oncology services. We included 101 patients, mean age 38 years. The 56% (57) were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The approach was laparotomy in 97% (98), mean operative time 247 minutes. The mean number of days of post-operative hospitalization was 5.3. Absence of postoperative complications in 79% (80). Average resected nodes 12. Pathological IB in 42% (43). The 36% (35) performed adjuvancy). Locoregional and systemic recurrences 8% (5), mean time to relapse 37 months. Median followup at 3 years: VSE 60% (35), PDSEG 27% (15), specific mortality rate 11% (6), VCE 6% (3). The CC in early stages, diagnosed and treated by a multidisciplinary group in the Hospital Escuela de Agudos Dr. Ramón Madariaga, presents patterns of efficacy and survival rates, specific disease and mortality, similar to those reported in the literature (AU)

Challenges and developments in research of the early stages of bipolar disorder

Recently, attention in the field of bipolar disorder (BD) has focused on prevention, including early detection and intervention, as these strategies have the potential to delay, lessen the severity, or even prevent full-blown episodes of BD. Although knowledge of the neurobiology of BD has advanced substantially in the last two decades, most research was conducted with chronic patients. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the literature regarding the early stages of BD, to explore recent discoveries on the neurobiology of these stages, and to discuss implications for research and clinical care. The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and SciELO. Articles published in English from inception to December 2015 were retrieved. Several research approaches were used, including examination of offspring studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies of clinical high-risk populations, and exploration of the progression after the first manic episode. Investigations with neuroimaging, cognition assessments, and biomarkers provide promising (although not definitive) evidence of alterations in the neural substrate during the at-risk stage. Research on BD should be expanded to encompass at-risk states and aligned with recent methodological progress in neuroscience.

The Effects of Emotion-focused Individual Intervention for Family Caregivers of People with Early Stages of Dementia / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: Many family caregivers of people with early stages of dementia experience difficulty in obtaining information on dementia. In addition, adjusting to this new caregiving role is emotionally demanding, thus many family caregivers go thorough a lot of emotional stress. This study tested emotion-focused individual intervention as a way to help family caregivers of early-stage dementia patients obtain necessary information and emotional support related to caregiving. METHODS: To achieve this goal, a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design was conducted. Emotion-focused individual intervention was administered to the experimental group (n=15), and no treatment was administered to the control group (n=21). Both groups completed a demographic profile, and also took pre- and post-test measuring their dementia-related knowledge, self-efficacy of care, preparedness of care, and coping strategies of care. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and t-test, and ANCOVA were performed to SPSS program. RESULTS: It was found that there was a statistically significant improvement in dementia-related knowledge (p<.001), self-efficacy of care (p=.030), preparedness of care (p<.001), and coping strategies of care (p<.001) after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that emotion-focused individual intervention was effective for family caregivers of patients with early dementia to adjust to the new caregiving role.

Clinical characteristics and influence of childhood trauma on the prodrome of bipolar disorder

Objectives: To describe the onset pattern, frequency, and severity of the signs and symptoms of the prodrome of the first hypomanic/manic episode and first depressive episode of bipolar disorder (BD) and to investigate the influence of a history of childhood maltreatment on the expression of prodromal symptoms. Methods: Using a semi-structured interview, the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale-Retrospective (BPSS-R), information regarding prodromal symptoms was assessed from patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD. History of childhood maltreatment was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: Forty-three individuals with stable BD were included. On average, the prodrome of mania lasted 35.8±68.7 months and was predominantly subacute or insidious, with rare acute presentations. The prodrome of depression lasted 16.6±23.3 months and was also predominantly subacute or insidious, with few acute presentations. The prodromal symptoms most frequently reported prior to the first hypomanic or manic episode were mood lability, depressive mood, and impatience. A history of childhood abuse and neglect was reported by 81.4% of participants. Presence of childhood maltreatment was positively associated with prodromal symptoms, including social withdrawal, decreased functioning, and anhedonia. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a long-lasting, symptomatic prodrome prior to first hypomanic/manic and depressive episode in BD and suggests that a history of childhood maltreatment influences the manifestations of this prodrome.

Anterior Hip Point

Early ailments of the hip joint have a varied presentation. Pain is felt around the hip due to many ailments pertaining to the spinal column, spinal cord or sacroiliac joint, or due to intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic causes. There is no test mentioned in the literature[1–5] that is specific for diagnosing the ailment of the hip joint clinically in the early stages of the disease and in children. We conducted a prospective study from November 2004 to December 2012, in which 850 hips were examined and followed up for 1 year. In this method, the patient is made to lie in supine position on the examination table and the examiner stands on the affected side of the hip joint. An imaginary line is drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine, bisecting the middle of the patella. This line is transected at 90O, four fingerbreadths (of the patient) distal to the anterior superior iliac spine. Tenderness at this point indicates positivity. The test was positive in 250 patients and negative in 600 patients. Out of the 250 positive cases, 240 were finally confirmed to be suffering from an ailment in the follow-up period. Out of the 600 patients who were initially negative for the test, 10 developed an ailment in the follow-up period. This gave the test a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 98%, making it highly sensitive and specific.

La prevención de la enfermedad renal, un nuevo reto para la enfermera / Kidney disease prevention, a new challenge for nurses

En Colombia y en el mundo la transición demográfica ha traído cambios en el estado de salud. Es así como la enfermedad renal se ha ido incrementando debido al aumento de edad en la población, y a la presencia de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus como enfermedades precursoras; en estas dos enfermedades la falta de detección temprana y de un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno conllevan a la aparición de la enfermedad renal, que sin un control adecuado, progresa llevando al usuario a terapias de soporte renal y su consecuente efecto negativo en la calidad de vida del usuario y su familia. Por lo anterior, las enfermeras tienen un gran reto desde la atención primaria en salud, reforzando el cuidado de enfermeria desde el empoderamiento de la salud, pasando por la promoción de la salud, la prevención de la enfermedad y la prevención de las complicaciones, y en unión con el equipo de salud, trabajar conjuntamente con el usuario y su familia, ya que de lo contrario, el cuidado de la salud será en vano.

In Colombia and the rest of the world demographic transitions have caused changes to the health of the population. Among these changes is an increase in kidney disease due to increased life expectancy; hypertension and diabetes are precursors of the disease and late or inadequate treatment of this conditions leads to kidney disease, which without proper control creates the need for renal support therapy that has a negative effect on patients and their families lifestyles.\r\nFor this reason, nurses have a great challenge in primary health care, reinforcing care with health empowerment, health promotion, disease prevention and prevention of complications. Nurses need to work together with the health care provider and the patient and family, otherwise health care services will be in vain.

Traquelectomía radical vaginal con linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica en el manejo conservador del cáncer de cérvix: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Radical vaginal trachelectomy with pelvic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in conservative management of cervical cancer: a report of two cases and literature review

Objetivo: presentar dos casos de pacientes con cáncer de cérvix estadios IA2, con deseos de paridad, que fueron sometidas a traquelectomía radical vaginal como cirugía conservadora de la fertilidad, y realizar una revisión de la literatura científica disponible acerca de las complicaciones, tasas de recurrencia, calidad de vida y fertilidad posterior.Materiales y métodos: se presentan dos casos de pacientes con cáncer de cérvix estadios IA2 con deseo de fertilidad futura, que fueron sometidas a traquelectomía radical vaginal con linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica, en el Hospital San José, institución privada de referencia ubicada en Bogotá, Colombia, en el año 2011. La búsqueda de la literatura se hizo a través de Medline en idioma inglés y español. Se buscaron reportes y series de casos, ensayos clínicos controlados y revisiones de tema en el periodo comprendido entre 1980 al 2011.Conclusión: la traquelectomía radical vaginal y la linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica son una alternativa que se debe considerar para el manejo conservador de la fertilidad en pacientes con estadios tempranos de cáncer invasivo de cérvix.

Objective: Presenting two cases of patients suffering from stage IA2 cervical cancer who were wishing to preserve future fertility were submitted to radical vaginal trachelectomy as fertlity- sapring surgery. A review of the available scientific literature about the complications, recurrence rates, quality of life and later fertility was also made. Materials and methods: Two cases of patients suffering stage IA2 cervical cancer wishing for future fertility are presented; they were submitted to radical vaginal trachelectomy with pelvic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy at the San José hospital (a private reference institution) in Bogotá, Colombia, during 2011. A literature search was made via Medline in both English and Spanish. Case reports, series of cases, controlled clinical assays and reviews of the topic from 1980 to 2011 were sought. Conclusion: Radical vaginal trachelectomy and pelvic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy represents an alternative for the conservative management of fertility in patients suffering early stages of invasive cervical cancer.