Perfil e impacto dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG / Profile and impact of CNPq research productivity fellows at the Faculty of Medicine of UFMG

INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de iniciação científica e pós-graduação são um instrumento essencial na formação de recursos humanos e na perpetuação da produção científica nacional. O papel dos professores pesquisadores no adequado desenvolvimento científico dos estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação tem sido continuamente reafirmado em diversas pesquisas sobre a qualidade do ensino superior brasileiro, apesar da contínua desvalorização das universidades públicas no país. Avaliar a carreira e o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa pode fornecer elementos em relação ao impacto desses profissionais no ensino, na pesquisa e na internacionalização das universidades. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil profissional e a produção científica dos bolsistas do Programa de Produtividade em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo baseado na análise de dados públicos disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes. Os bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa foram apurados com base nos resultados dos editais de 2013, 2016 e 2019. RESULTADOS: A análise das variáveis evidenciou diminuição do número de docentes bolsistas da instituição, que passou de 34 para 29. Observamos um número significativamente maior de projetos financiados por profissionais do sexo masculino quando comparados às pesquisadoras (p=0,03) e uma forte correlação entre os anos de doutorado e o número de doutores orientados que atualmente se dedicam à pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: Professores pesquisadores exercem impacto direto na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na internacionalização das universidades públicas.

INTRODUCTION: Mentoring through scientific initiation and post-graduate programs are an essential instrument on the formation of human resources and the perpetuation of national scientific production. The role of research professors in the proper scientific development of graduate and post-graduate medical students has been continuously reaffirmed in several surveys on the quality of Brazilian superior education, despite the continuous desvalorization of higher education in the country. Determine the career and profile of research productivity fellows could measure the impact of these professionals in teaching, researching and internationalization of our university. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the professional profile and scientific production of the Productivity in Research Program fellows from the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. METHODS: This descriptive study is based on the analysis of public data available at Lattes Platform. Research productivity fellows were determined based on the results of the 2013, 2016 and 2019 calls for tenders. RESULTS: Analysis of the variables showed a decrease in the number of professors with scholarships at the institution, which went from 34 to 29. We observed a significantly higher number of funded projects of male professionals when compared to female researchers (p=0.03) and a strong correlation between years of doctorate degree and the number of mentored doctors currently dedicating to research. CONCLUSION: Experient research professors exert direct impact on the formation of qualified human resources and the internationalization of the federal university.

Caracterización de la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad Victoria de Girón / Characterization of Research Activity by the Student Teachers at Facultad Victoria de Girón

Introducción: El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" constituye una valiosa cantera de investigadores. Sin embargo, estas potencialidades no siempre generan tal resultado, lo cual torna necesario monitorizar sistemáticamente dicha actividad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra probabilística estratificada de 131 sujetos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado de Pearson y el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: Los estudiantes en el quinto año académico, de las 12 habilidades investigativas exploradas, en 8 alcanzaron las mayores cifras en cuanto a los que expresaron dominarlas. El área clínica fue la de principal interés investigativo (50,4 %); esta variable se asoció con el tipo de especialidad de la ayudantía (p < 0,001; V = 0,710). El 53,4 % de los educandos refirió estar vinculado a la investigación científica, lo cual presentó asociación estadística (p < 0,001; 0,6 ≤ V < 0,8) con las variables: antigüedad en el movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, autopercepción de su importancia en la formación profesional, la autoevaluación de la preparación en ella, incorporación a un proyecto de investigación, pertenencia al Grupo Científico Estudiantil e interés por practicarla en el posgrado. Pocos se encontraban vinculados a proyectos de investigación (n = 22), al Grupo Científico Estudiantil (n = 37) y a la publicación científica (n = 22). Conclusiones: En los alumnos ayudantes de esta facultad se observa una insuficiente actividad en investigación científica.

Introduction: "Frank País" Student Teachers Movement is a valuable pool of researchers. However, these potentialities do not always produce such outcomes; therefore, systematic monitoring of this activity is necessary. Objective: To characterize the research activity of student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a stratified probabilistic sample of 131 subjects. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Pearson's chi-squared test and Cramer's V coefficient were used. Results: Of the 12 explored research skills, fifth academic year students expressed that they mastered 8 of them, in which they reached the highest figures. The clinical area received the main interest in research (50.4 %); this variable was associated with the type of specialty of the student teachers (p<0.001; V=0.710). 53.4 % of the students reported that they were involved in scientific research, a condition statistically associated (p<0.001; 0.6≤V<0.8) with the variables service time in the student teachers movement, perception of its importance in self-professional training, self-assessment of training for it, recent involvement into a research project, membership in the students' scientific group, and interest in practicing the specialty during the postgraduate stage. Few of them were involved in research projects (n=22), the students' scientific group (n=37), or participated in scientific publication (n=22). Conclusions: Insufficient activity in scientific research is observed among the student teachers of this medical school.

Inteligencia emocional y su importancia en el proceso formativo de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas / Emotional Intelligence and its Importance on the Training Process as within Medical-Surgical Specialties

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad blanda, definida como la capacidad de reconocer las emociones propias y ajenas para gestionarlas frente a otros de manera adecuada. Este tipo de inteligencia se relaciona con competencias y aptitudes humanas en diferentes áreas sociales, académicas y de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir el papel de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica clínica de los residentes médicos, como marco de referencia para su aplicación en la educación teórico-práctica y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se emplearon operadores lógicos mediante distintas combinaciones: MeSH: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate; y DeCS: Inteligencia Emocional, Residencia Médica, Educación Médica, Educación de Postgrado en Medicina. La búsqueda se limitó por año, idioma y acceso libre, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvieron 279 resultados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 26 para ser incluidos en la revisión y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados se organizaron según su relación con la inteligencia emocional en: medición en residentes médico-quirúrgicos, niveles de estrés y burnout, empatía en la relación médico-paciente, desempeño académico, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional en los residentes médico-quirúrgicos se ha relacionado con menores niveles de estrés y burnout, comunicación asertiva, mayor empatía con los pacientes y calidad en la atención médica; además, con elevado rendimiento académico, mejores habilidades de enseñanza, liderazgo y motivación; y, finalmente, con mejor bienestar psicológico, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento clínico(AU)

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a soft skill, defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions in view of managing them in front of others adequately. This type of intelligence is related to human competences and skills in different social, academic and occupational areas. Objective: To describe the role of emotional intelligence in the clinical practice of medical residents, as a frame of reference for its application in theoretical-practical education and the development of future research. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Logical operators were used by means of different combinations from the Medical Subject Headings: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate. The following combinations from the Health Sciences Descriptors were also used: "Inteligencia Emocional [emotional Intelligence], Residencia Médica [medical residence], Educación Médica [medical education], Educación de Postgrado en Medicina [postgraduate education in Medicine]. The search was limited by year, language and free access, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 279 results were obtained, of which 26 were selected to be included in the review and synthesis. Results: The results were organized, according to their relationship with emotional intelligence, in measurement in medical-surgical residents, levels of stress and burnout, empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, academic performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence in medical-surgical residents has been related to lower levels of stress and burnout, assertive communication, greater empathy with patients, and quality in medical care; furthermore, with high academic performance, better skills for teaching, leadership and motivation; and, finally, with better psychological well-being, job satisfaction and clinical performance(AU)

Exploration and Practice of the "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" Innovative Talents Training Mode in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

"Evaluación de grado estudiantes de medicina del último año mediante simulación clínica multimodal: experiencia de una universidad peruana"

Introducción: La educación médica ha sido afectada por el aislamiento social por la pandemia, y la evaluación de competencias clínicas en estudiantes debe optar por opciones como la simulación clínica. Objetivo: describir la evaluación de examen de grado de internos de medicina humana con simulación clínica multimodal. Evaluación clínica: La actividad estructurada con multimodalidad desde la metodología y ubicación de los participantes cumplió el objetivo de evaluar y graduar internos. Se realizó a través de la presentación de casos-escenario de 2 de las especialidades grandes en el internado por alumno, realizadas en consultorio de simulación y sala de alta fidelidad ocupando pacientes simulados, simuladores de alta prestación, enfermera/o asistiendo, software de funciones vitales y técnico de simulación, todos ellos en presencial además del alumno, y los jurados en remoto que a través de la observación primero y luego la sustentación del alumno fueron capaces de evaluar el desempeño mediante rúbricas.

Introduction: Medical education has been affected by social isolation due to the pandemic, and the evaluation of clinical skills in students must opt ​​for options such as clinical simulation. Objective: to describe the evaluation of the degree exam for human medicine interns with multimodal clinical simulation. Clinical evaluation: The structured activity with multimodality from the methodology and location of the participants fulfilled the objective of evaluating and graduating interns. It was carried out through the presentation of case scenarios of two of the major specialties in the intern per student, carried out in a simulation office and a high-fidelity room occupying simulated patients, high-performance simulators, nurse/assistance, function software vital and technical simulation, all of them in person in addition to the student, and the juries remotely who, through observation first and then the support of the student, were able to evaluate performance through rubrics.

Implementación de las escalas de evaluación formativa OSATS en habilidades técnicas aplicadas en el laboratorio de microcirugía / Implementation of the OSATS training assessment scales in technical skills applied in the microsurgery laboratory

Introducción. La simulación como estrategia de aprendizaje activo se ha constituido en una herramienta centrada en el estudiante, para la construcción de aprendizajes en entornos seguros y el perfeccionamiento de sus habilidades técnicas. La evaluación objetiva estructurada de habilidades técnicas (OSATS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta evaluativa en el área quirúrgica, que puede ser implementada en los programas en microcirugía. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y doble ciego, donde se incluyeron 34 estudiantes de especialidades quirúrgicas, quienes fueron evaluados mediante los OSATS para los módulos finales: módulo 1: disección vascular; módulo 2: ejecución de sutura de puntos independientes; y módulo 3: ejercicios de revascularización. Al finalizar la materia, los estudiantes evaluaron la implementación de esta metodología por medio de una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados. La evaluación del diseño de la guía práctica tipo OSATS por los estudiantes fue satisfactoria (88,2 %). Al evaluar la actividad de disección y sutura en microcirugía la consideraron de gran utilidad (88,2 %), para los ejercicios de anastomosis y revascularización (aprobación del 79,5 %). La aplicabilidad práctica y la calidad de los ejercicios mediante guías de evaluación OSATS tuvieron 94,2 % de aceptación. Conclusión. Las escalas OSATS son un instrumento útil, valido y objetivo para el modelo de evaluación por competencias en habilidades técnicas, que puede ser implementado en los modelos de enseñanza en simulación, contando con confiabilidad, validez de contenido y de constructo. Es aplicable en los programas de microcirugía, con una percepción positiva por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction. Simulation as an active learning strategy has become a student-centered tool for the construction of learning in safe environments and the improvement of their technical skills. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) is an evaluation tool in the surgical area, which can be implemented in microsurgery programs. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and double-blind study, which included 34 students from surgical specialties, who were evaluated through the OSATS for the final modules: module 1: vascular dissection; module 2: execution of independent sutures; module 3: revascularization exercises. At the end of the course, the students evaluated the implementation of this methodology under evaluation by means of a satisfaction survey. Results. The evaluation of the design of the practical guide OSATS-type by the students was satisfactory (88.2%). When evaluating the dissection and suturing activity in microsurgery, they consider it very useful (88.2%), for anastomosis exercises and revascularization exercise (79.5% approval). The practical applicability and quality of the exercises using OSATS evaluation guides had 94.2% acceptance.Conclusion. The OSATS scales are a useful, valid and objective instrument for the evaluation model for technical skills, which can be implemented in simulation teaching models, with reliability, content and construct validity. It is applicable in microsurgery programs, with a positive perception by students.

Matriz de competências para o ensino da homeopatia na graduação médica / Competency matrix for undergraduate medical education in homeopathy

Resumo: Introdução: Currículos médicos de graduação são extremamente carregados em seu conteúdo, tornando-se primordial a necessidade de otimizar competências essenciais. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do Curso de Graduação em Medicina preconizam uma valorização do tratamento do doente que possui muitas interfaces com a homeopatia. Apesar de ser uma especialidade médica no Brasil reconhecida desde 1980, a homeopatia ainda é pouco presente na graduação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma matriz de competências essenciais composta de conhecimentos e habilidades desejáveis para o ensino da homeopatia na graduação médica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo realizado por meio da técnica Delphi normativa, em duas rodadas, com os docentes especialistas em homeopatia do país. Na primeira rodada, aplicou-se um questionário anônimo on-line para identificar as competências (conhecimentos e habilidades) necessárias em homeopatia para os discentes de graduação em Medicina. Após a análise de conteúdo, os temas foram agrupados nessas duas categorias que retornaram para apuração na segunda rodada, em que os especialistas assinalaram o grau de concordância (escala de Likert de quatro pontos: de não relevante a muito relevante). Para a definição de consenso, adotaram-se dois critérios: índice de De Loe e uma nota de relevância adotada pelos autores com vistas a discriminar mais os graus de consenso. Resultados: Dos 14 temas/subtemas relacionados como competências/conhecimentos, consideraram-se 11 como de alto consenso, dos quais cinco foram avaliados como primordiais, pois obtiveram nota de relevância acima de 9,0 (três relacionados ao grande tema clínica homeopática; um, à teoria e técnica homeopáticas; e outro, à pesquisa homeopática). Em relação às competências/habilidades, oito das 11 foram consideradas de alto consenso, e somente duas alcançaram nota acima de 9,0, ambas relacionadas à clínica homeopática. Conclusão: O ensino da homeopatia pode contribuir para a mudança paradigmática da medicina no sentido de valorizar o doente e promover a saúde, permitindo uma atuação médica mais humanizada e centrada no doente, o que justificaria a adoção de seu ensino, inclusive obrigatório, nas faculdades de Medicina. A elaboração de uma matriz de competências do que deve ser ensinado de homeopatia aos discentes da graduação médica vem ao encontro das DCN e instrumentaliza a reflexão na elaboração de uma futura ementa.

Abstract: Introduction: Undergraduate medical curricula are overloaded with content, making the need to optimize essential skills and knowledge paramount. The National Curricular Guidelines for the medical course (DCNs) put focus on patient treatment, which involves several interfaces with homeopathy. However, despite it being recognized as a medical specialty in Brazil since 1980, homeopathy is rarely present in undergraduate medical education. Objective: To develop a collection of essential skills and knowledge for teaching homeopathy as part of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods: Quanti-qualitative study performed using the standard Delphi technique in two rounds with specialized homeopathy teachers from Brazil. An anonymous online questionnaire was conducted to identify the learning competences needed in homeopathy for undergraduate medical students. Following content analysis, the themes and sub-themes were grouped into the two main categories of knowledge and skills, which were returned to the specialists who rated their importance for each item using the "Four-Point Likert Scale" from not at all important to very important. For the purpose of generating a general consensus, two criteria were adopted: the "De Loe index" and a importance score. Results: There was a high degree of consensus regarding eleven of the fourteen themes/sub-themes, five of which were considered essential, with an importance score above 9.0 (three related to the general theme, Homeopathic Clinic, one to Homeopathic Theory and Method and another to Homeopathic Research). There was also a high level of consensus regarding eight of the eleven skills, but only two gained a score of above 9.0, both related to Homeopathic Clinic. Conclusion: The teaching of Homeopathy can contribute to a paradigmatic change in medicine, particularly in the sense of prioritizing the patient and promoting health, as well as allowing for a more humanized and patient-centered medical engagement. These factors would justify the adoption of its teaching, so much so it could be made mandatory across all medical study. The establishment of a "competency matrix" for homeopathy study, which ought to be taught to students of the medical field, meets the DCNs and would be instrumental in future syllabuses.

Educação médica: linha do tempo e panorama da pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil / Medical education: timeline and panorama of stricto sensu graduate studies in Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: O presente trabalho apresenta uma sucinta retrospectiva da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e elucida o atual panorama quantitativo das subáreas avaliativas da área de medicina. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo esboçar um panorama crítico da pós-graduação médica. Método: O método, aqui utilizado, contempla uma revisão das normativas que conduziram a formação da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e uma categorização e análise estatística de dados fornecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, complementados por informações da Plataforma Sucupira e do último censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, com recorte das áreas avaliativas da medicina e atenção a elas. Resultado: Como resultado, observou-se que, em junho de 2019, o Brasil atingiu 4.590 programas de pós-graduação, sendo 262 distribuídos nas áreas avaliativas da medicina. A partir desse quantitativo, apresentam-se uma tabela, dois quadros, uma figura e sete gráficos que demostram diferentes aspectos do Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação. Conclusão: Em conclusão, no que se refere ao Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação, descrevem-se, como ponto forte, a expansão e o crescimento da pós-graduação, e indicam-se, como ponto frágil, os traços de assimetrias regionais. Em face das subáreas da medicina, são evidenciadas as características de cada área avaliativa, incluindo relações entre modalidades, níveis e conceitos dos programas de pós-graduação. Por fim, fica a perspectiva de que, além do número de programas de pós-graduação e de seus respectivos conceitos, um panorama qualitativo deve considerar indicadores como produção científica e impacto social, temas a serem abordados em estudos futuros, utilizando-se dados e as ferramentas metodológicas específicas.

Abstract: Introduction: This work offers a succinct retrospective of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate program and elucidates the current quantitative panorama of the evaluative sub-areas of Medicine. Objective: This study aimed to outline a critical panorama of medical Graduate Program. Method: The method addressed here includes a review of the regulations that led to the formation of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate programs and a categorization and statistical analysis of data provided by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), complemented by information from the Sucupira Platform and the latest census published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, focusing on the evaluative areas of Medicine. Result: It was observed that in June 2019, Brazil reached 4,590 Graduate Programs, of which 262 programs were distributed in the evaluative areas of Medicine. Based on this quantity, tables, images and graphs are presented that show different aspects of the National Graduate System. Conclusion: With regard to the National Graduate System, the expansion and growth of graduate studies are described as a strong point, whereas the characteristics of regional asymmetries are indicated as a shortcoming. In view of the sub-areas of medicine, the characteristics of each evaluation area are highlighted, including relationships between modalities, levels and Graduate Program, and scores. Finally, the view persists that, in addition to the number of Graduate Program, and their respective scores, a qualitative panorama should consider indicators such as scientific production and social impact, themes to be addressed in future studies, using specific methodological data and tools.

Diseño curricular del Análisis de la Situación de la Salud para la carrera de medicina / Curricular design of the Analysis of Health Situation in medical studies

Introducción: Las reformas curriculares al Análisis de la Situación de Salud se orientan hacia la formación de un médico general con capacidades transformadoras para la intervención en la salud comunitaria. Objetivo: Identificar el tratamiento dado al contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en elementos curriculares seleccionados del plan de estudio C de medicina, perfeccionado en 2010. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica exploratoria al plan de estudio C de la carrera de medicina. Se aplicaron los métodos analítico-sintético e histórico-lógico y se hizo un análisis de contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en 3 elementos curriculares: trascendencia en funciones profesionales y habilidades, tratamiento en estrategias curriculares y manifestación en la asignatura Salud Pública, con su representación en el plan de estudio. Resultados: En los 21 elementos analizados, de las cinco funciones profesionales, el Análisis de la Situación de Salud estuvo explícito en 5 e implícito en 12; en las 40 habilidades de aplicación, explícito en 3 e implícito en 18, y incluido en las 2 estrategias curriculares. En la asignatura Salud Pública ocupó el 25,62 por ciento del fondo de tiempo, y fue explícito en 3 de sus objetivos generales e implícito en los demás. En el currículo: la asignatura representó el 5,42 por ciento; y el contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud, el 1,39 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los elementos curriculares analizados revelaron la acertada reforma realizada al contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud cuando fue perfeccionado el plan de estudio C de la carrera de medicina(AU)

Introduction: The curricular reforms to the analysis of the health situation are oriented towards the formation of a general practitioner with transformative capacities for intervention in community health. Objective: To identify the management given to the content of the analysis of the health situation in selected curricular elements of the study plan C of medicine, perfected in 2010. Methods: An exploratory pedagogical investigation was carried out to study plan C of the medical studies. Analytical-synthetic and historical-logical methods were used and content analysis of the Health Situation Analysis was made in 3 curricular elements: transcendence in professional functions and skills, treatment in curricular strategies and meters in the Public Health subject, with its representation in the study plan. Results: In the twenty-one elements analyzed, out of the five professional functions, the Health Situation Analysis was explicit in 5 and implicit in 12. Concerning the forty application skills, it was explicit in 3 and implicit in 18, and it was included in the two curricular strategies. Regarding the Public Health subject, it employed 25.62 percent of the hours, and was explicit in 3 of its general objectives and implicit in the others. In the curriculum, the subject represented 5.42 percent; and the content of the Analysis of the Health Situation represented 1.39 percent. Conclusions: The curricular elements analyzed revealed the reform to the content of the Analysis of the Health Situation was successful in reference to study plan C of the medical studies(AU)

Prevalence of the Settlement of Medical Residences in the State of Tocantins in the Period 2013-2017 / Prevalência de Fixação dos Egressos das Residências Médicas no Estado do Tocantins, no Período de 2013-2017

Abstract: Introduction: The accomplishment of medical residency (MR) is a type of qualification considered to be the "gold standard" for medical specialization. Understanding whether there is actually greater professional settlement or not stimulated by MR and which factors hinder or contribute to the physician's permanence in that place, are important information for the structuring of medical residency and health system programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of settlement of medical residents who finished the residency training in the state of Tocantins, after the implementation of medical residency programs in the period from 2013 to 2017. Method: This is an observational quantitative research, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using the telematic technique and its own questionnaire, carried out with 44 medical residents that finished the medical residency program in the state of Tocantins. The project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) under Opinion number 2.292.540. Results: The prevalence of settlement was 65.9% of physicians in the state of Tocantins. Most residents were females (59.1%), with a mean age of 30.8 ± 3.1 years, income between 10 and 20 minimum wages (55.8%) and worked during their residency training (84.1%). The specialties that showed the highest settlement rates were general surgery and clinical medicine, and among these, the majority works for the private and state health networks. The main reason for not settling in Tocantins was to attend another residency or subspecialty program in another state (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of medical residents that finished the residency and settled in Tocantins during the analyzed period can be considered high (65.9%). The fact that most of these individuals are young and female and the reason for not settling in the state are important indicators to be analyzed together with the settlement process and the offering of positions in the specialties available in Tocantins. The results of the study indicated a favorable and strategic perspective of the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in the medical settlement in Tocantins, which cannot be generalized to the reality of such an unequal health system in the country. A larger public investment in the structuring of health network services is necessary, especially in the municipal network, in the organization of support and socioeconomic development of cities.

Resumo: Introdução: A realização de residência médica (RM) é uma vertente de qualificação considerada "padrão ouro" para a especialização médica. A compreensão dos motivos que levam ou não à maior fixação do profissional estimulado pela RM e a identificação dos fatores que dificultam a permanência do médico no local ou contribuem para isso são importantes informações para a estruturação dos programas de RM e sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de fixação dos egressos no estado do Tocantins, após a implantação das residências médicas no período de 2013 a 2017. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional do tipo quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, de caráter descritivo e analítico, com uso da técnica telematizada e questionário próprio, realizada com 44 egressos dos programas de RM no estado do Tocantins. O projeto foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) sob o Parecer nº 2.292.540. Resultados: A prevalência de fixação foi de 65,9% dos médicos no estado do Tocantins. A maioria dos residentes era do sexo feminino (59,1%), com idade média de 30,8±3,1 anos e renda entre dez e 20 salários mínimos (55,8%), e trabalhou durante a residência (84,1%). As especialidades com maior índice de fixação foram as cirurgias geral e médica. No caso desse estudo, a maioria dos participantes atua nas redes privada e estadual. O principal motivo para não fixação no Tocantins foi cursar outra residência ou subespecialidade em outro estado (64,7%). Conclusão: A prevalência de fixação das RMs no Tocantins no período analisado pode ser considerada alta (65,9%). O perfil de feminização, o juvenescimento e o motivo da não fixação dos egressos são importantes indicadores para serem analisados em conjunto com o processo de fixação e oferta de vagas nas especialidades disponibilizadas no Tocantins. Os resultados do estudo apontaram uma perspectiva favorável e estratégica dos Programas de Residência Médica (PRM) na fixação de médico no Tocantins, o que não pode ser generalizado para a realidade de um sistema de saúde tão desigual no país. Um maior investimento público na estruturação dos serviços da rede de saúde, em especial na rede municipal, na organização de apoio e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico das cidades é necessário.

Conocimiento sobre infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud en residentes de postgrado de una Universidad Venezolana / Knowledge about healthcare associated infections in postgraduate residents from a Venezuelan University

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con diseño de campo para evaluar el conocimiento sobre las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) y su prevención en médicos residentes de los postgrados de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" de la Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. La muestra estuvo constituida por 51 médicos residentes de diferentes postgrados a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para investigar conocimientos en tres áreas específicas: generalidades sobre IAAS, precauciones universales e higiene de las manos. Se consideró que tenían un conocimiento adecuado si obtenían un puntaje promedio de 17,5 puntos o más. El 58,8% de los encuestados fue de sexo femenino con edad promedio de 31 años (DS ±4,32; rango: 25-47). El puntaje promedio en la encuesta fue de 17,9 puntos (DS ±1,87; rango: 12-22). El 56,87% aprobó la encuesta. Al evaluar el conocimiento sobre las áreas estudiadas, se encontró que la mayoría maneja conceptos básicos sobre precauciones universales (86,27%) pero no sobre generalidades de IAAS (37,25%) ni de higiene de las manos (19,6%). En conclusión, los residentes de postgrado poseen conocimientos adecuados sobre las IAAS y su prevención, pero presentan deficiencias en aspectos puntuales del tema.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with field design to evaluate the knowledge about the healthcare associated infections (HCAI) and its prevention in postgraduate residents of the School of Health Sciences "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" of the Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. The sample consisted of 51 residents' physicians from different postgraduate programs. A survey was applied to investigate knowledge on three specific areas: generalities about HCAI, standard precautions and hand hygiene. They were considered to have adequate knowledge if they obtained an average score of 17.5 points or more. 58.8% of the respondents were female with an average age of 31 years (SD ±4.32, Range: 25-47). The average score in the survey was 17.9 points (SD ±1.87, Range: 12-22). The 56.87% approved the survey. When evaluating the knowledge about the studied areas, it was found that the majority have basic concepts about standard precautions (86.27%) but not about generalities of IAAS (37.25%) or hand hygiene (19.6%). In conclusion, the postgraduate residents have adequate knowledge about the HCAI and its prevention but present deficiencies in specific aspects.

Conhecimento e aceitação das práticas integrativas e complementares por estudantes de medicina / Knowledge and acceptance of integrative and complementary practices by medical students

Objetivo: investigar o interesse, o conhecimento e o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) pelos estudantes de Medicina. Métodos: Aplicação de questionários estruturados com os estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição pública federal do 1º ao 8º períodos, no primeiro semestre de 2015. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico R versão 3.2.2. Resultados: O percentual de alunos que indicaria as PIC a seus pacientes é 82,5%. As variáveis associadas a indicar o uso das PIC foram: raça/cor não branca, ser aluno dos períodos iniciais, achar importante ter as PIC na grade curricular, ter cursado alguma disciplina ou atividade sobre as PIC, informar que usaria as PIC como pacientes e ter usado alguma PIC nos últimos 12 meses. Conclusões: O contato do aluno com as PIC, por meio de disciplinas e atividades, é fundamental para que os futuros médicos sejam capazes de indicar essas modalidades terapêuticas aos seus pacientes, ampliando as ferramentas terapêuticas disponíveis. Logo, torna-se necessária a inclusão, no currículo ativo, das PIC, a fim de ampliar a formação do aluno como médico generalista.

Objective: to investigate the interest, knowledge and use of Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICP) by medical students. Method: Application of structured questionnaires with medical students of a federal public institution from 1st to the 8th TERMS in the first semester of 2015. The data were analyzed in the statistical program R version 3.2.2. Results: The percentage of students that would indicate ICP to their patients is 82.5%. The variables associated with indicating the use of ICPs were: non-white race/color, being a student from the initial TERMS, finding it important to have ICP in the curriculum, having studied some discipline or activity on the ICPs, informing that they would use the ICPs as patients and have used any ICP in the last 12 months. Conclusions: The student's contact with ICP through disciplines and activities is fundamental for future physicians to be able to indicate these therapeutic modalities to their patients, broadening the available therapeutic tools. Therefore, it is necessary to include the ICP in the active curriculum in order to broaden the student's training as a general practitioner.

Uma experiência de integração ensino, serviço e comunidade de alunos do curso de graduação em medicina na atenção básica no município de Maceió-AL, Brasil / An experience of integration, teaching, service and community of medical students in the "basic attention" in the city of Maceió-AL, Brazil

Introdução: Através das novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, a formação médica passa a focar na humanização, na assistência generalizada, na saúde integral e na capacidade crítica e reflexiva, componentes chave do método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. A disciplina Integração Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade aplica-se como uma ferramenta prática de inserção precoce do aluno em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, integrando-o à equipe de saúde, à comunidade e aos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo: apresentar a relevância da referida disciplina na formação médica como elemento obrigatório da estrutura curricular. Nota-se que esta matéria induz o conhecimento ampliado da Atenção Básica e realidade da população, incluindo assimilar seus contextos social, cultural e econômico. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência do módulo da disciplina em pauta do curso de medicina do Centro Universitário Tiradentes, Maceió - AL, contemplando a vivência dos acadêmicos de 2016 a 2017 na Unidade de Saúde da Família Vereador Sérgio Quintella. Resultados: A referida disciplina impacta a graduação médica nos seguintes pilares: Sistema de Saúde, compreendido através da realidade das visitas domiciliares e educação em saúde; integração do ensino teórico-prático e engajamento em educação científica, por intermédio da elaboração semanal de um portfólio. Conclusão: A metodologia dessa disciplina, pode portanto ser adotada como uma ferramenta efetiva para a consecução daquilo que as Diretrizes preconizam para uma formação médica humanizada, adequada para atuar na atenção básica e alinhada com as necessidades dos usuários do Sistema de Saúde vigente (AU).

Introduction: Through the new National Curricular Guidelines, medical training focuses on humanization, generalized care, integral health and critical and reflective capacity, key components of the Problem Based Learning method. The discipline Integration Teaching, Service and Community applies as a practical tool for early insertion of the student in a Basic Health Unit, integrating it to the health team, the community and the services of the Unified Health System. Objective: relevance of said discipline in medical training as a mandatory element of the curricular structure. It is noted that this matter induces the expanded knowledge of Basic Attention and reality of the population, including assimilating their social, cultural and economic contexts. Methods: This is an experience report of the module of the discipline in the medical course of the University Center Tiradentes, Maceió - AL, contemplating the experience of the academics from 2016 to 2017 in the Family Health Unit of the Sérgio Quintella Family. Results: This discipline impacts medical graduation in the following pillars: Health System, understood through the reality of home visits and health education; integration of theoretical-practical teaching and engagement in scientific education, through the weekly elaboration of a portfolio. Conclusion: The methodology of this discipline can therefore be adopted as an effective tool to achieve what the Guidelines advocate for a humanized medical education, adequate to act in basic care and aligned with the needs of the users of the current Health System (AU).

Manual para la elaboración del Certificado Médico de Defunción / Handbook for the elaboration of the Medical Certificate of Death

Se desarrolló un Manual para la elaboración del Certificado Médico de Defunción en la ciudad de Cárdenas. El producto consta de prólogo, índice, dos capítulos, autoevaluaciones y anexos. El universo estuvo constituido por 98 estudiantes de Medicina y se utilizó una muestra de 64 pertenecientes a la Filial de Ciencias Médicas Gabriela Arias que consintieron en participar en el estudio. Se aplicó una encuesta inicial sobre el tema la cual arrojó un 6,25 por ciento del total de estudiantes evaluados de regular y un 93,75 por ciento evaluados de mal. Se demostró, después de la aplicación del manual, una mejoría significativa del nivel de conocimientos al predominar estudiantes evaluados de bien representando el 85,94 por ciento del total. El 100 porciento de los encuestados poseen un alto nivel de satisfacción con el uso del producto.

It was developed a handbook for the elaboration of the Medical Certificate of Death in Cardenas. The product consists of a prologue, an index, two chapters, self-evaluations and annexes. The universe was formed by 978 Medicine students and it was used a sample of 64 students from the Branch of the Medical Sciences University Gabriela Arias, who gave their consent to taking part in the study. An initial inquiry on the topic was applied and it resulted in 6,25 per cent of the total of students evaluated of regular and 93,75 per cent of bad. After applying the handbook, it was showed a significant improvement of the knowledge level predominating students evaluated of good; they represented 85,94 per cent of the total. 100 per cent of the inquired showed a high level of satisfaction with the use of the product.

Educación a distancia en la Facultad de Medicina / Distance education at the Medicine Faculty

La educación a distancia a nivel universitario se ha incrementado en la última década y le ha servido de apoyo a la educación presencial. Se requieren condiciones especiales tanto del, participante o estudiante así como del facilitador o profesor para interactuar de manera armónica y en consonancia con la filosofía del constructivismo. Al final, se revisan algunas experiencias que se vienen desarrollando en Venezuela y se destacan los procesos de aprendizaje a través de Internet

Distance eduaction at university level has increased over the last decade and has given support to face education. Special conditions are needed for both the participant or student and the facilitator or teacher to interact in harmony and consistent with the philosophy of constructivosm. Finally we review some experiences that are being developed in Venezuela and highlights the learning process via the Internet

Educação à distância a nivel universitario aumentou na última década e tem dado apoio à educação rosto. Condiçôes especiaissão necesarios tanto para o participante ou o estudante eo facilitador ou professor de interagir em harmonia e coerente com a filosofia do construtivismo. Finalmente, rever algunas experiências que estão sendo desenvolvidas na Venezuela e destaca o precesso de aprendizagem através da InternetAU)

Una valoración integral del programa de la asignatura "Introducción a la medicina general integral" de la carrera de Medicina / A comprehensive assessment of the syllabus in the subject " Introduction to the Comprehensive Medicine". Medical Major

La disciplina integradora es aquella que tiene como objeto de estudio, el objeto de trabajo del egresado y el ejercicio de la profesión, para la carrera de medicina es la Medicina General Integral, y la primera asignatura impartida es la Introducción a la Medicina General Integral; constituyendo el primer vínculo del estudiante con su perfil de egresado. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar integralmente el Programa de esta asignatura (diseño en general y pertinencia). Se utilizaron técnicas de investigación cualitativa, y en su valoración, los componentes personales y no personales del proceso docente educativo. Concluyendo que este programa responde al perfil del egresado al incorporar conocimientos y habilidades sobre la medicina familiar (promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades relacionados con el individuo, la familia, la comunidad y el ambiente). La asignatura resulta pertinente, ya que constituye la puerta de entrada a la disciplina rectora y al plan de estudios de la carrera y propicia la capacidad del estudiante para realizar procederes prácticos relacionados con la profesión, desarrollando una identificación del mismo con su escenario futuro de desempeño profesional. Se recomienda definir el problema y objeto de estudio de la asignatura. Respecto a los contenidos se debe explicitar el sistema de habilidades y elaborar el sistema de valores. En cuanto al método debe enfatizarse en la preparación del profesor (tutor del estudiante) para lograr su capacidad de desarrollar los métodos heurísticos que preveé la asignatura, la evaluación debe establecer la metodología para la elaboración del trabajo referativo final.

An integrated discipline is that one which objective of study is the future graduate and the exercise of profession. For the medical major Comprehensive Medicine is the main subject taught and it constitutes the first link of the student with the future job. The objective of this study is to assess the Syllabus of the subject ( general design and pertinence ). Methods of qualitative research were used and in its assessment personal and non-personal components on the educative-teaching process were taken into consideration. Concluding that this syllabus responds to graduate profile incorporating knowledge and skills about family medicine ( health promotion and disease prevention related to the individual, family , community and environment ). The subject is pertinent , it constitutes the introduction to the Main Subject , to the syllabus of the medical major which favors the capacity of the students to perform the practical procedures with regard to the profession and to develop an identification with the future professional setting. It is recommended to define the Problem and Object of the study. The contents must explain the system of skills and values. The method should emphasize the preparation of the professors ( tutors of the student) in order to achieve the ability to develop the heuristic methods the subject foresees, the evaluation establishes a methodology to create a final referential work.

La docencia de fisiologia médica en la comunidad. Experiencia en Camagüey

Con el objetivo de demostrar la factibilidad de la realización de la práctica de Laboratorio "Presión y pulso" de la asignatura fisiología II, en los círculos de abuelos de los Policlínicos comunitarios de la ciudad de Camagüey, previa coordinación con el médico de la familia, los estudiantes realizaron la práctica de laboratorio en el local donde los abuelos realizan los ejercicios físicos. Los objetivos propuestos por el plan de estudio se cumplieron logrando que el estudiante se motivara más por la actividad en el consultorio, y desarrollara más rápido las habilidades, además de poder constatar diferencias en las variables a explorar entre el joven y el anciano, el sano y el hipertenso.

The main objetive of this study is to show the feasibility of the performance of laboratory practice "Pressure and Pulse "of the subject Physiology II in grandfather groups of communitary Polyclinics of Camagüey City. Students performed the laboratory practice with the previous coordination with the Family Physician, in the place where grandfathers performed their physical exercises. All proposed objectives were achieved by the study plan; and the motivation of students for the activity was fulfilled together with their interest about life development in the Health Clinic, their rapid development of abilities and the analysis of differences in variables to be studied among young, old, healthy and hypertensive individuals.

Remark on the Life Effect of Professional Ethics Education in Medicine / 中国医学伦理学

According to the speciality of medical occupation and the form of professional ethics education (including its significance,content and method) received by medical personnel at school,this essay is to elaborate the life effect of professional ethics education in medical practice,which plays an important role in the improvement of public efficiency and economic profit,and the development of medical science in a healthy way.