Application of PDCA cycle in the teaching of residency diagnosis and treatment ability of endocrine and metabolic diseases / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To evaluate effects of PDCA cycle in improving residency diagnosis and treatment ability of endocrine and metabolic diseases, this paper selected the problems of insufficient diagnosis and treatment ability in the results of the endocrinology examination paper as the research breakthrough point, and investigated 62 residents receiving standardized residency training to analyze main reasons of the problems such as "busy clinical work", "special clinical thinking" and "difficult to remember knowledge of endocrinology". The study implemented information-based teaching and daily self-education, followed the law of memory, strengthened the construction of teaching staff, improved teaching methods, etc., and effects of these methods were assessed after the teaching. It's found that the application of PDCA cycle can improve the residents' ability of clinical diagnosis and treatment in endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Effect of the shared care-based diabetes management among patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of shared care model on diabetes management among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), therefore, to establish a more efficient education and management model for patients with T2DM.@*Methods@#Through convenient sampling, a total of 210 patients with T2DM were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the endocrinology center at Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, from August to October, 2017. Patients were equally divided into two groups (n=105/group): intervention group and control group.The intervention group completed 103 cases and the control group 100 cases.The intervention group adopted the shared care education model, while the control group followed the conventional education management model. The follow up time of the intervention group was 12 months. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI) and diabetes self-management behaviors were collected at baseline and at 12-months and compared between two groups. Measurement data were examined by t-test and rank-sum test; Count data were examined by chi square test, P<0.05 was thought to be statistically significant.@*Results@#At 12-month following the implementation of the management models, the HbAlc and BMI of the intervention group were (6.47 ± 0.66)%, (22.28 ± 2.41) kg/m2, and those of the control group were (6.90 ± 0.61)%, (23.49 ± 1.59) kg/m2, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=-4.63, 0.00, P< 0.01). The intervention group had healthy diet, exercise, self-blood sugar monitoring, blood sugar monitoring in compliance with doctor's advice, self-foot examination and medication scores of (6.08 ± 1.34), (6.06 ± 1.59), (5.18 ± 2.00), (5.28 ± 1.99), (4.64 ± 2.54), (6.80 ± 0.55) respectively, while the control group had (5.43 ± 1.71), (5.46 ± 1.89), (4.27 ± 1.64), (4.23 ± 1.64), (3.57 ± 2.74), (5.30 ± 2.68) respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=-4.03--2.73, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with the traditional education and management model, the shared care model with a multi-disciplinary approach is more patient-centered, and could provide systematic, standardized and personalized management for patients with T2DM and showed greater improvement in diabetes management.

Effect of the shared care-based diabetes management among patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of shared care model on diabetes management among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), therefore, to establish a more efficient education and management model for patients with T2DM. Methods Through convenient sampling, a total of 210 patients with T2DM were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the endocrinology center at Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, from August to October, 2017. Patients were equally divided into two groups (n=105/group): intervention group and control group.The intervention group completed 103 cases and the control group 100 cases.The intervention group adopted the shared care education model, while the control group followed the conventional education management model. The follow up time of the intervention group was 12 months. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI) and diabetes self-management behaviors were collected at baseline and at 12-months and compared between two groups. Measurement data were examined by t-test and rank-sum test; Count data were examined by chi square test, P<0.05 was thought to be statistically significant. Results At 12-month following the implementation of the management models, the HbAlc and BMI of the intervention group were (6.47 ± 0.66)%, (22.28 ± 2.41) kg/㎡, and those of the control group were (6.90 ± 0.61)%, (23.49 ± 1.59) kg/㎡, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=-4.63, 0.00, P<0.01). The intervention group had healthy diet, exercise, self-blood sugar monitoring, blood sugar monitoring in compliance with doctor's advice, self-foot examination and medication scores of (6.08 ± 1.34), (6.06 ± 1.59), (5.18 ± 2.00), (5.28 ± 1.99), (4.64 ± 2.54), (6.80 ± 0.55) respectively, while the control group had (5.43 ± 1.71), (5.46 ± 1.89), (4.27 ± 1.64), (4.23 ± 1.64), (3.57 ± 2.74), (5.30 ± 2.68) respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=-4.03--2.73, P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with the traditional education and management model, the shared care model with a multi-disciplinary approach is more patient-centered, and could provide systematic, standardized and personalized management for patients with T2DM and showed greater improvement in diabetes management.

Propuesta de un modelo integral de accountability para la educación superior en Chile / Proposal of an integral model of accountability for higher education in Chile

Resumen: Depositarías de la confianza de la ciudadanía y del Estado, las instituciones de educación superior han desarrollado su misión de formación e investigación dentro de un contexto acotado. En la actualidad, hay una demanda de parte del Estado y la ciudadanía de una mayor participación y supervisión del sistema de educación superior, para la mejora de la calidad de la educación impartida, de una parte, y, de otra, para dar cuenta de los recursos públicos invertidos en educación superior. En este contexto, este trabajo propone un modelo integral de rendición de cuentas para la educación superior en Chile. Su objetivo es proponer dicho modelo como herramienta de evaluación de las políticas públicas en educación superior, para que esta contribuya productivamente a las actividades económicas del país. Como pondremos de manifiesto en el trabajo, la rendición de cuentas no sólo se limita al aspecto financiero, sino que incorpora muchas otros aspectos tales como la autoridad y gobierno, la responsabilidad social, la democracia y la participación, la probidad y la transparencia informativa, la política y la ética, entre otras.

Abstract: Depositary trust of citizens and the state, higher education institu tions have developed their mission training and research within a limited context. At present, there is a demand from the state and citizens of increased participation and supervision system of higher education, to improve the quality of education provided in one hand and another to account for public funds invested in higher educa tion. In this context, this paper proposes a comprehensive model of accountability for higher education in Chile. Its purpose is to propose such a model as a tool for assessing public policies in higher educa tion, for higher education to contribute productively to the eco nomic activities of the country. As we will show at work, account ability is not only limited to the financial aspect, but incorporates many other aspects such as the authority and governance, social responsibility, democracy and participation, probity and transpar ency of information, politics and ethics, among others.

A formação do terapeuta ocupacional para gestão de serviços de saúde: um estudo em bases curriculares / The formation of the occupational therapist for health care management: a study in curricular bases

Introdução: A Terapia Ocupacional abrange vários campos além da saúde e envolve uma abordagem biopsicossocial mais ampla. Entendendo sua complexidade, ficam evidentes suas contribuições na participação junto às equipes multiprofissionais, assim como nas articulações no nível de gestão de serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Partindo desta perspectiva, objetivou-se conhecer, entre os cursos de Terapia Ocupacional das instituições de ensino superiores públicas federais, quais conteúdos são disponibilizados para formação do terapeuta ocupacional, para que ele atue na área. Método: A pesquisa trata de um estudo documental realizado através da análise dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos, Grade Curricular e Ementários das IES Federais. Resultados: Foram encontradas 27 IES da rede pública de ensino cadastradas no MEC e, destas, 10 foram analisadas nesta pesquisa. De acordo com o Projeto Político-Pedagógico dos cursos analisados neste estudo, naquelas instituições em que aplicam os conteúdos referentes às Políticas de Saúde Pública, Saúde Coletiva e o SUS, percebe-se maior ênfase a esses do que aos conteúdos que envolvem os princípios básicos da gestão de serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os conteúdos referentes à gestão de serviços de saúde são pouco estudados nas instituições que participaram desta pesquisa, o que equivale a menos de 2% da carga horária total dos cursos.

Introduction: Occupational Therapy encompasses several fields besides health and engages in a broader bio psychosocial approach. Understanding its complexity, the contributions are evident in participation with the multidisciplinary teams, as well as the joints in the level of health care management. Objective: From this perspective, it was aimed to meet among the Occupational Therapy courses of federal public universities, which are the contents that are available for occupational therapist training, so that it can act in the area. Method: The research is a documentary study conducted by analysis of the Political Pedagogical Projects, Curricular Grade and Emendations of Federal IES. Results: were found 27 IES of the public school system that are registered in MEC and out of these, 10 were analyzed in this research. According to the Political Pedagogical Project of the analyzed courses in this study, those institutions that apply the contents relating to Public Health Policy, Public Health and Health System, there is more emphasis to these than to the contents involving the principles of basic health services management. Conclusion: it was concluded that the contents related to the management of health services are poorly studied in most federal public universities that participated in this research, which is equivalent to less than 2% of the total workload of the courses.

Study on the problems and countermeasures of education management of foreign postgraduate students in college of stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Internationalization is the inevitable trend of the development of graduate education. The graduate education in China faces many difficulties in the process of internationalization. For ex-ample, in thegoing out process it can not get international recognition, and in recruit there is in-adequate management, and the training quality is not high.Medical education has its own characteris-tics, and its internationalization process is more difficult. The authors has made an investigation of oral medical students studying in his work unit, and on the basis of the findings, puts forward some coun-termeasures for improving oral medical students' graduate education management.

Formulation of training programme and construction of curriculum system for foreign stu-dents in clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

China Three Gorges University(CTGU) started undergraduate medical education for foreign students since 2004. Over the years,through continuous interaction with coordinators,CTGU grad-ually transited from passive teaching to active teaching. Firstly we determined basic principles,objectives and requirements of talent training programme. Secondly,we strengthen Chinese language teaching, reasonably adjusted professional curriculum and teaching content,added basic medical courses and rea-sonably arranged clinical practice based on the concrete situation in our country. in order to make the cur-riculum system consistent with the require-ments of talent training.

Application of “one-step”diabetes education management system in clinic / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the application value of the one-stepdiabetes education management system in clinic. Methods The “one-step” diabetes education management system was construct.80 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 40 patients in each group.The patients in the experimental group received “one-step”diabetes education management system by diabetes specialist nurses,while patients in the con-trol group received routine diabetic education.The fasting blood glucose (FBG),HbAlc,medical compliance behaviors and other indices were compared between two groups. Results FBG,HbAlc and medical compliance were better,and the risk score of complications was higher in the experimental group than those of the control group,there were significant differences between them. Conclusions Application of “one-step”diabetes education management system in treatment and nursing of patients shows maneuverability and practicality.It has clinical application value and deserves to be spread.

Gestão do trabalho e da educação em saúde: recursos humanos em duas décadas do SUS / Health care work and education management in the SUS: human resources in 20 years of the Unified Health System

Este artigo discute os desafios contemporâneos que se apresentam no campo da gestão de recursos humanos em saúde no Brasil. Apresenta destaques da temática no continente americano, colocando em evidência o Brasil por suas características organizacionais nesse setor. Apresenta, ainda, os achados de uma pesquisa sobre a capacidade gestora de recursos humanos em Secretarias estaduais e municipais de Saúde de grandes centros urbanos e a capilaridade das políticas setorias de gestão do trabalho e da educação na saúde. A questão central diz respeito às mudanças ocorridas nessa área com a criação da Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e Educação na Saúde. Observa-se uma variação dos resultados, com índices de adesão mais significativos para as ações prioritárias da regulação do trabalho em relação aos programas estratégicos da educação em saúde. Tal fato configura, por um lado, um quadro em que os órgãos de recursos humanos têm o potencial para se constituírem, de fato, em espaços efetivos de gestão do trabalho do sistema de saúde; por outro, a necessidade de fortalecimento das competências para as políticas de educação. A partir da análise desses resultados, são apontados limites, acúmulos e possibilidades que se apresentam para apoiar as esferas subnacionais no Brasil, além de modelos que possam ser apropriados por países vizinhos de continente e da comunidade de língua portuguesa.

This paper discusses the current challenges in health human resources management in Brazil. It presents highlights of the theme in America, especially Brazil, due to its organizational characteristics. It also presents the findings of a research on the managerial ability of human resources in municipal and state Health Secretaries in large urban centers and the capillarity of sectorial work relations and education in health. The central issue concerns changes in this area, after the creation of the Secretary for Work and Education Management in Health. The results vary, with more significant adhesion indexes for prior actions in work regulation in health education strategic programs. This facts means, on one hand, that human resources are able to really become real spaces of work management in the health system; on the other hand, the need to strengthen competences for education policies. Analyzing these results, we point out limits, backlogs and possibilities to support the sub-national spheres in Brazil, besides models that can be adopted by Portuguese-speaking and Latin-American countries.

The Operating Status of Medical Education Management Units in Korea / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the operating status of existing medical education management units in medical colleges and to define the roles of these units to provide basic information to medical schools contemplating to establish similar management units. METHODS: A structured questionnaire survey was conducted via mail. The survey 41 medical colleges across the nation and was done during September 2003 and March 2005. The assessment instrument included six items assessing the organizational structure, composition, major activities, self-satisfaction with performance, administration and financial aspects and the need for further development in the medical education unit for medical colleges with a medical education management unit. There were only two items assessing demand for establishment of a medical education management unit, prerequisite conditions for establishment, the expected role of such a system for medical colleges without a medical education management unit. RESULTS: Of 41 medical colleges, 18 had a medical education management unit as of September 2003 and 32 as of March 2005. The major activities of these 18 management units included curriculum development(26.7%), faculty development(26.7%), support for PBL(16.0%) and OSCE(12.0%). Recently, these units have become involved in enhancing clinical clerkship as well as improving teaching skills. To have a medical education-related unit run smoothly, at least two tenured faculty members majoring in education and medical education were needed. And a compensation systems was required for those professors working in the unit as a second post but without pay. CONCLUSION: This study underscored the importance of professional faculty members, and administrative and financial supports in having a medical education management unit meet its objectives. The role of the dean of medical college seems crucial in deciding how the unit is operated.

Survey on the current conditions of higher stomatology education in Papua New Guinea / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The paper introduces the survey on the current conditions of higher stomatolo-gy education in Papua New Guinea which locates in the south Pacific and is slow on some as-pects,however it has its own characteristics worth of using for reference.The paper also ana-lyzes the disadvantage of teaching system in China and puts forward some reform consideration based on our real situation.

On Social Participation and Reference of American Higher Education Management System / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article analyzed the type,the significance,the role and the origin of the social participation of American higher education management,which is expected to play to the certain degree model function for the establishment of Chinese modem university system.

An Effective Integrated Management System for Educational Reform / 医学教育

The Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences has introduced an integrated education management system to improve the quality of education. The management system was implemented by the Academic Affairs Committee and is run by the newly-created Kyouiku Suishin Shitsu (Educational Development Services). The management system evaluated past curricula and coordinated the introduction of new courses and integrated curricula designed to stimulate selflearning by students. The management system also integrated the student evaluation system and simultaneously coordinated faculty development workshops for all university staff to improve teaching skills. Several questionnaires showed that the new curricula met students' learning needs and provided a more objective evaluation system. The integrated education management system functions as a positive component in the improvement of the education system for students of allied health professions.

Comparitive analysis on present conditions of higher stomatology education both in China and abroad / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The paper analyzes the difference of higher stomatological education in China and abroad and the weakness in the teaching system of China,and proposes some reform consideration based on our real situation.