Dimensões assistenciais do trabalho do enfermeiro na atenção primária / Dimensiones asistenciales del trabajo de las enfermeras en atención primaria / Care dimensions of nurses' work in primary care

Resumo Objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de práticas assistenciais de enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método estudo quantitativo e transversal, realizado com 216 enfermeiros de 97 municípios integrantes de duas Macrorregiões de Saúde do Estado de Santa Catarina, os quais responderam um questionário do tipo survey, no ano de 2019. Os dados passaram por estatística descritiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre as práticas assistenciais observou-se prevalência do acolhimento e da consulta do enfermeiro, o que fortalece a sua autonomia e a resolutividade da Atenção Primária, seguidos dos procedimentos de enfermagem. As visitas domiciliares sobressaem-se para a periodicidade de até três vezes por semana e as atividades educativas concentraram-se na periodicidade quinzenal. As atividades de educação em saúde voltam-se majoritariamente aos usuários portadores de patologias crônicas. Os enfermeiros privilegiam as abordagens assistenciais individuais, em detrimento às ações educativas em grupo. Conclusão e implicações para a prática há necessidade do fortalecimento da dimensão educativa, no trabalho do enfermeiro, que tangencie atividades assistenciais e gerenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em especial, voltadas para grupos.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el desarrollo de las prácticas asistenciales de los enfermeros que actúan en Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método estudio cuantitativo y transversal, realizado con 216 enfermeros de 97 municipios de dos Macrorregiones de Salud del estado de Santa Catarina, que respondieron un cuestionario tipo encuesta en el año 2019. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre las prácticas de atención predominaron la acogida y la consulta de Enfermería, lo que fortalece su autonomía y la capacidad resolutiva de la Atención Básica, seguida por procedimientos de Enfermería. Se destacan las visitas domiciliarias por su periodicidad de hasta tres veces por semana y las actividades educativas se concentraron en la periodicidad quincenal. Las actividades de educación para la salud están dirigidas principalmente a usuarios con patologías crónicas. Los enfermeros privilegian enfoques de atención individual en detrimento de acciones educativas grupales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica es necesario fortalecer la dimensión educativa en el trabajo de los enfermeros, lo que repercute en las actividades de atención y gestión en Atención Primaria de la Salud, especialmente aquellas dirigidas a grupos.

Abstract Objective to analyze the development of care practices of nurses working in Primary Health Care. Method A cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out with 216 nurses from 97 municipalities in two Health Macroregions of the state of Santa Catarina, who answered a survey-type questionnaire in 2019. The data were submitted to analytical and inferential descriptive statistics. Results Among the care practices, there was a prevalence of welcoming and Nursing consultation, strengthening their autonomy and Primary Care resoluteness, followed by Nursing procedures. Home visits stand out for the periodicity of up to three times a week, and the educational activities were concentrated on fortnightly periodicity. Health education activities are mainly targeted at users with chronic pathologies. Nurses favor individual care approaches to the detriment of group educational actions. Conclusion and implications for the practice There is a need to strengthen the educational dimension in nurses' work, which has repercussions on care and management activities in Primary Health Care, especially those aimed at groups.

Evaluation of different teaching methodologies by assessing the performance of dentistry students / Avaliação de diferentes metodologias de aprendizagem aferindo o desempenho de estudantes de odontologia

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of day- and evening-class students in the first semester test of Dental Materials in the School of Dentistry at São José dos Campos - UNESP, who were exposed to traditional lectures (TRAD) and Team-Based Learning (TBL). Material and Methods: The results of Dental Materials first semester test of students, from day and evening classes of 2016 were tabulated and analyzed in this research. The groups formed for the execution of the methodology were randomized using the individual global average of the previous year of the students, and the groups were composed of 6 to 7 members, maintained throughout the course. During the correction of the tests, the subject of each question and the applied methodology (TBL and TRAD) were identified. Responses of each question were graded separately according to the subject for comparison between methodologies. A total of 88 tests were evaluated. The performance was evaluated through a comparison of the average grade of each question, related to a specific learning methodology. The data were submitted to t-test. Results: The students' overall performance was similar when both methodologies were compared. Students from day class presented higher grades with TBL whilst evening class students presented better performance in questions with traditional lectures. Conclusion: Active learning should be further implemented in Brazilian Dental Schools to change students' habits aiming to improve their personal and social skills besides of professional technical knowledge. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho de alunos dos turnos diurno e noturno na prova do primeiro semestre da Disciplina Materiais Dentários da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP, expostos a aulas tradicionais (TRAD) e Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe (TBL). Material e Métodos: Os resultados da prova dos alunos, dos turnos diurno e noturno de 2016, foram tabulados e analisados. As turmas utilizadas para a execução da pesquisa foram randomizadas utilizando-se a média global individual do ano anterior dos alunos, sendo as turmas compostas de 6 a 7 integrantes, mantidas ao longo do curso. Durante a correção das provas, foram identificados os assuntos de cada questão e a metodologia aplicada (TRAD e TBL). As respostas de cada questão foram graduadas separadamente de acordo com o assunto para comparação entre as metodologias. Um total de 88 testes foi avaliado. O desempenho dos alunos foi avaliado por meio da comparação da nota média de cada questão, relacionada a uma metodologia específica de aprendizagem. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t. Resultados: O desempenho geral dos alunos foi semelhante quando comparadas as duas metodologias. Os alunos do período diurno apresentaram notas mais altas no tratamento TBL, enquanto os alunos do período noturno apresentaram melhor desempenho nas questões com aulas expositivas tradicionais. Conclusão: A aprendizagem ativa deve ser mais implementada nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia, no Brasil, para melhorar as habilidades pessoais e sociais dos alunos, além de aperfeiçoar o conhecimento técnico profissional dos discentes (AU).

Cognitive interventions in mature and older adults, benefits for psychological well-being and quality of life: a systematic review study / Intervenções cognitivas em adultos maduros e idosos, benefícios ao bem-estar psicológico e à qualidade de vida: um estudo de revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Few recently published studies investigating the benefits of educational and cognitive interventions on quality of life (QoL), psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms are available. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational and cognitive interventions on psychological well-being, QoL, and mood in mature and older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The systematic review took place from September to October 2020 and the following databases were used to select the studies: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Medline. The search terms used were idos* AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" and their corresponding translations in English and Spanish. Results: Of the 241 articles retrieved, 26 primary studies were included in the review. Of these, 18 showed improvement in QoL, psychological well-being, or cognition. Conclusions: The studies reported beneficial effects of educational and cognitive interventions for QoL, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms of mature and older adults without dementia or depression.

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, foram encontrados poucos estudos relatando os benefícios das intervenções cognitivas e educativas à qualidade de vida, ao bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Investigar os impactos de intervenções educativas e cognitivas nas variáveis de bem-estar psicológico, qualidade de vida e humor de adultos maduros e idosos sem demência e/ou com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: A pesquisa de revisão sistemática ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2020 e, para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), PubMed e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Foram selecionados os seguintes termos para a busca: "idos*" AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" e seus correspondentes em inglês e espanhol. Resultados: De 241 artigos contendo as palavras-chave, 26 estudos primários foram selecionados para esta revisão. Deles, 18 demonstraram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida, no bem-estar psicológico ou na cognição. Conclusões: Os estudos analisados evidenciaram efeitos positivos das intervenções educacionais e cognitivas para a qualidade de vida, para o bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos de idosos e adultos maduros sem demência e depressão.

Tertiary center referral delay of patients with dementia in Southern Brazil: associated factors and potential solutions / Atraso no encaminhamento de pacientes com demência para centro terciário no sul do Brasil: fatores associados e possíveis soluções

ABSTRACT. Early dementia diagnosis has many benefits and is a priority. In Brazil, most cases are diagnosed by a specialist. Objective: We aimed to study the average time from disease onset to specialist assessment and related factors; we also propose potential strategies to deal with this delay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional database study in 245 patients with dementia from an outpatient clinic in a tertiary university hospital in Southern Brazil, which only assesses individuals from the Unified Health System (SUS). The outcome was time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment, reported by the informants. Individuals were separated into two groups: less and more than 1 year to specialist assessment. Multivariable analysis was used to test the potential related factors associated with delayed specialist assessment. Results: Mean±SD of time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment was 3.3±3.3 years. In the unadjusted analysis, individuals who were assessed before 1 year were more often diagnosed with vascular dementia, had more sudden and subacute onset, neuropsychiatric symptoms at presentation, rapid progression, and alcohol and antipsychotics use (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the effects of personality changes and onset presentation persisted, even when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: We found a long time from disease onset to specialist assessment, and those with personality changes and faster presentation were referred earlier. Improving the diagnostic capability of general practitioners, mass educational campaigns and transmission of knowledge by experts are some potential strategies to deal with delay of dementia diagnosis.

RESUMO. O diagnóstico precoce de demência tem muitos benefícios e deve ser uma prioridade. No Brasil, ele é feito por especialistas na maioria dos casos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo médio entre o início da doença até a avaliação com especialista e seus possíveis fatores relacionados; também propomos estratégias potenciais para lidar com esse atraso. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base de dados com 245 pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, que avalia indivíduos provenientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O desfecho principal foi o tempo entre o início dos sintomas até a avaliação com o especialista, relatados pelos informantes. Os indivíduos foram separados em dois grupos: tempo até a consulta com o especialista menor e maior que 1 ano. A análise multivariável foi usada para testar os possíveis fatores relacionados à avaliação tardia pelo especialista. Resultados: O tempo médio±DP entre o início dos sintomas e a avaliação com o especialista foi de 3,3±3,3 anos. Na análise não ajustada, os indivíduos que chegaram para avaliação antes de 1 ano do início da doença foram diagnosticados com mais frequência com demência vascular, tiveram início do quadro mais repentino e subagudo, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos na apresentação, progressão rápida, uso de álcool e antipsicóticos (p<0,05). Na análise multivariada, apenas alterações de personalidade e início rápido dos sintomas mostraram-se preditores para chegada mais precoce ao especialista, mesmo controlando possíveis confundidores. Conclusão: Encontramos um longo tempo entre o início da doença até a avaliação do especialista e indivíduos com alterações de personalidade e apresentação mais rápida foram encaminhados mais precocemente. Melhorar a capacidade diagnóstica do médico de família, campanhas educacionais em massa e transmissão de conhecimento por especialistas são algumas estratégias potenciais para lidar com o atraso do diagnóstico de demência.

Repercusión académica de la COVID-19 en universitarios peruanos / Academic impact of COVID-19 on Peruvian university students

Introducción: La pandemia del coronavirus ha generado que muchos estudiantes teman perder el ciclo. Objetivo: Validar una escala que mida la percepción de posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios en el Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un proceso de validación de un test que mide la percepción acerca de las posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios. La validación se realizó mediante búsqueda de literatura científica, construcción del primer bosquejo, validación del test por expertos (59 expertos: epidemiólogos, investigadores, médicos), análisis factorial exploratorio y estadístico. Resultados: Respecto a la relevancia se observa que el ítem 7 es más esencial o importante que los demás (V = 1,00; IC 95 por ciento: 0,73-0,96). El ítem 8 (M = 3,80; /= 1,152) presenta la mayor media y, la más baja, el ítem 6 (M = 3,03; DE = 1,342). La pertinencia del AFE se justifica con el índice KMO (0,85) y la prueba de Bartlett (12577,0; gl = 28; p = / 0,001) siendo aceptables y significativos. Se obtuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,899 con un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento de 0,882-0,898; indicando que la consistencia del instrumento es buena. Conclusiones: Se validó una escala de factor único que mide la percepción que tienen los estudiantes universitarios acerca de las posibles repercusiones de la pandemia del coronavirus en sus estudios. Es necesario evaluar cada realidad y el instrumento puede servir como una escala base para ello(AU)

Introduction: As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, many students are worried that they may lose their academic term. Objective: Validate a scale to measure the perception of possible academic impacts among Peruvian university students. Method: A validation process was conducted of a test measuring the perception of university students about possible academic impacts. The validation was based on a scientific bibliography search, development of a preliminary overview, validation of the test by 59 experts: epidemiologists, researchers and physicians, exploratory factor analysis, and statistical analysis. Results: In terms of relevance, item 7 was found to be more essential or important than the others (V = 1.00; CI 95 percent: 0.73-0.96). Item 8 (M = 3.80; /= 1.152) exhibits the highest mean, and item 6 the lowest (M = 3.03; SD = 1.342). AFE relevance is justified by the KMO index (0.85) and Bartlett's test (12577.0; gl = 28; p = / 0.001), both of which were found to be acceptable and significant. A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.899 was obtained, with a confidence interval of 95 percent, SD 0.882-0.898, indicating a good consistency level. Conclusions: A single factor scale was validated which measures the perception of university students about the possible impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on their studies. It is necessary to evaluate each reality, and the tool may serve as a base scale for that purpose(AU)

La gestión de información estadística relacionada con las actividades formativas en la Universidad Virtual de Salud / Statistical information management related to the training activities in the Health Virtual University

Introducción: Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han originado cambios imprevisibles y vertiginosos en las distintas esferas de la vida. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual de la gestión de información estadística relacionada con las actividades formativas en la Universidad Virtual de Salud de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal de evaluación durante el curso escolar 2016-2017 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Resultados: Los gestores poseían pocos años de experiencia como activistas de UNIVERS; se aprovechaban variadas fuentes de información primaria para recolectar la información; no existía uniformidad en los modelos de registros primarios y era limitado el empleo de aplicaciones informáticas que contribuyeran a organizar, procesar, archivar, controlar, recuperar y agilizar la información estadística. De igual modo, el proceso de gestión de edición y emisión de certificados manuales resultaba moroso y difícil. Conclusiones: Se determinó que no siempre los gestores de UNIVERS percibían las potencialidades de las tecnologías para obtener la información estadística y que, a pesar de que se realizaban actividades de alfabetización utilizando las herramientas que brinda esta plataforma de teleformación, existía escaso aprovechamiento de estas para garantizar un adecuado análisis, control y emisión de la información estadística de las actividades formativas y los recursos educativos abiertos en la Universidad Virtual de Salud.

Introduction: Information and communications technologies have originated unforeseeable and vertiginous changes in the different spheres of life. Objective: To characterize the current state of the statistical information management related to the training activities in the Health Virtual University in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study of evaluation during the school course 2016-2017 was carried out in the Medical Sciences University in Santiago de Cuba. Results: The managers had few years of experience as activists of UNIVERS; they took advantage from varied primary information sources to gather the information; there was no uniformity in the models of primary records and the use of computer tools was limited which contributed to organize, to process, to file, to control, to recover and to make faster the statistical information. Likewise, edition and emission of manual certificates was a doubtful and difficult process. Conclusions: It was determined that UNIVERS managers not always perceived the potentialities of technologies for obtaining statistical information and that, although there were literacy activities carried out using the tools offered by this training platform, there was scarce use of them to guarantee an appropriate analysis, control and emission of the statistical information of training activities and the teaching open resources emerging in the Health Virtual University.

Does the Distribution of Booklets on After-hours Consultations to All Residents in a Town Affect the Number of After-hours Visits? An Interrupted Time Series Analysis / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Introduction: Optimization of after-hours visits to medical institutions is one of the major problems in medical systems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the distribution of booklets about after-hours common symptom management to all residents on the number of after-hour consultations.Method: The Tadami town government distributed booklets to all town residents in July 2011. We analyzed the number of after-hours consultations per month at Tadami National Health Insurance Asahi Clinic, which is the only medical institution in the town, from January 2010 to December 2012. We employed an interrupted time series analysis.Result: The number of included after-hours consultations during the study period was 2,399. The baseline trend was 0.0071 (95% confidence interval −0.011, 0.025), and the slope change from the baseline trend was −0.0061 (−0.034, 0.022).Conclusion: On comparison of before and after the distribution of a booklet about after-hours common symptom management to all residents in the town, the number of after-hours consultations did not change significantly.

Realidades de la estomatología en comunidades de pobreza extrema y nuevas urbanizaciones del estado Carabobo / Realities of estomatology in extreme poverty communities and in the new urbanizations of Carabobo state

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, de todos los pacientes notificados en los registros estadísticos de las comunidades de pobreza extrema y las nuevas urbanizaciones del estado Carabobo, durante el primer semestre del 2016, con vistas a identificar las actividades desarrolladas en estos, de acuerdo a las siguientes variables: consultas estomatológicas, actividades de promoción de salud, otros procedimientos estomatológicos y las remisiones al segundo nivel de atención. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que el mayor porcentaje de consultas se realizara en el primer trimestre del año, con predominio de las consultas-convenios, así como de las actividades de promoción de la salud. El grupo etario de menores de 18 años fue el más beneficiado con las actividades afectivo-participativas impartidas, en tanto los procedimientos estomatológicos preponderaron también en el primer trimestre, a excepción de la aplicación de laca de flúor, y la enfermedad periodontal fue la causa más frecuente de remisión al segundo nivel de atención

A descriptive, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study, from all the patients notified in the statistical records of extreme poverty communities and from the new urbanizations of the state Carabobo was carried out during the first semester of 2016, with the objective of describing the activities developed in them, according to the following variables: estomatological visits, health promotion activities, other estomatological activities and referral at the second care level. Among the results it was obtained that the highest percentage of visits was carried out in the first trimester of the year, with prevalence of the visits-agreements, as well as of the health promotion activities. The age group younger than 18 years had the greatest benefits with the delivered affective-participative activities, while the estomatological procedures also prevailed in the first trimester, except the use of fluorine, and the periodontal disease was the most frequent cause of referral to the second care level

Activities of the Ishikawa Prefectural Joint Committee of Blood Transfusion Therapy / 社会薬学

Objective : In 2011, the Ishikawa Prefectural Joint Committee of Blood Transfusion Therapy was organized in Ishikawa Prefecture. Since 2012, pharmacists have promoted educational activities regarding the appropriate use of albumin products for different occupations based on a survey involving all medical institutions in Ishikawa Prefecture. We examined the effects of these activities with respect to the usage of albumin products. Methods : A questionnaire survey regarding blood transfusion therapy, including the total usage of albumin products, departments responsible for the management of albumin products, and health care professionals’ awareness of issues on the appropriate use of albumin products, was conducted from 2011 until 2014 involving all medical institutions where blood transfusion preparations were used in Ishikawa Prefecture. Results : The questionnaire collection rate was ≥70%. The results showed that, in middle- or small-scale medical institutions, departments/physicians other than the Department of Pharmacy were responsible for the management of albumin products. Furthermore, some health care professionals did not recognize/understand problems regarding the appropriate use of albumin products. Pharmacists newly increased educational activities by study meetings for various occupations or panel discussions involving participants. The participants’ occupations varied, and the number of institutions to which they belonged was 20 to 24. The total usage of albumin products in Ishikawa Prefecture decreased by approximately 20% between 2011, when these attempts were started, and 2014. Discussion : This study suggests that the educational activities by pharmacists and other health care professionals at the prefectural level reduced the total usage of albumin products.

Perspectivas curriculares sobre a formação do pedagogo para a educação não escolar / Curriculum perspectives about pedagogue training for non-school education

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta reflexões derivadas de um estudo curricular pautado pelo objetivo de mapear elementos demonstrativos do quadro atual de formação de pedagogos para atuação profissional em contextos de Educação Não Escolar (ENE). O estudo curricular abrangeu Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos de Pedagogia de 20 universidades públicas brasileiras e os procedimentos analíticos se estruturaram a partir do uso da técnica de análise categorial de conteúdo. O referencial subjacente às análises baseia-se na discussão sobre o caráter epistemológico da Pedagogia e da ENE, bem como na abordagem crítica em torno dos enfoques curriculares que formam tradições do curso de Pedagogia no Brasil. Em vista dos resultados analíticos, se destacam a pouca expressividade de saberes específicos relativos à ENE na configuração curricular dos cursos de Pedagogia e, em consequência, os desafios da estruturação de percursos formativos que dialoguem melhor com demandas de novos âmbitos de inserção profissional do pedagogo.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents reflections derived from a curriculum study guided by the goal of mapping demonstrative elements of the current framework of pedagogue training for professional performance in contexts of Non-School Education (NSE). The curriculum study covered Pedagogical Projects of Pedagogy Courses from 20 brazilian public universities and analytical procedures were structured by the use of categorial content analysis technique. Underlying framework in the analysis is based on the discussion of the epistemological character of Pedagogy, as well as the critical approach around curricular perspectives that constitute Pedagogy course's traditions in Brazil. From analytical results, it is recognized the little expressiveness of specific knowledge relating to the NSE in Pedagogy courses' curricular settings and, as a result, the challenges of structuring formation routes that are associated with the demands of new employability spaces for pedagogues.

Methodology of problematization with the maguerez’s arch: an alternative method for teaching, research and study in dentistry / Metodologia da problematização com o Arco de Maguerez: um método complementar para a educação em odontologia

Avaliar a aplicação da metodologia de problematização (MP), o Arco de Maguerez, como um método de ensino-aprendizagem na formação de estudantes de pós-graduação. Material e Métodos: 25 alunos de pós-graduação do programa em Dentística Restauradora do Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, que faziam parte da disciplina de Didática Aplicada ao Ensino Superior em Saúde, desenvolveram atividades que caracterizaram a MP, e a metodologia de ensino tradicional em vigor. Por meio de um questionário, foi possível avaliar a percepção que os alunos tinham das atividades. Resultados: Verificou-se que a MP foi um método de ensino-aprendizagem válido para a formação de novos professores; Para todos os estudantes, eles foram suficientemente encorajados a desenvolver um pensamento crítico sobre as situações abordadas; 96% dos estudantes acreditam que a PM é coerente para a formação de futuros professores e fornece um modelo de aprendizagem para um desenvolvimento profissional contínuo; No entanto, 44% e 32% dos estudantes, respectivamente, acreditam que os professores não estão preparados para trabalhar em equipes multidisciplinares, como afirmado pelo MP e que os professores não estão dispostos a mudar seus métodos didáticos. Conclusão: MP, com base no Arco de Maquerez pode ser aplicado como uma ferramenta complementar na construção do conhecimento dos futuros professores, além de ser uma estratégia para pesquisa e estudo...

Evaluate the application of the problematization methodology (PM), Maguerez’s Arch, as an alternative teaching-learning method in the formation of post-graduation students. Material and Methods: 25 post-graduate students of the program in Restorative Dentistry at the Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho”– UNESP, who were part of the discipline of Didactics Applied to Higher Education in Healthcare, developed activities that characterized the PM, and the traditional teaching methodology in force. By means of a questionnaire it was possible to assess the perception of the students had of the activities. Result: It was observed that PM was a valid alternative teaching-learning method for the formation of new professors; For all the students, they were sufficiently encouraged to develop a critical thinking about the situations addressed; 96% of the students believe that the PM is coherent for the formation of future professors and provides a learning model for a continuous professional development; However, 44% and 32% of the students respectively, believed that the professors are not prepared to work in multidisciplinary teams, as stated by the ,PM and that the professors are not inclined to change their didactic methods. Conclusion: PM, based on Maquerez’s Arch can be applied as a complementary tool in the construction of the future professors’ knowledge, in addition to being a strategy for research and study...

Vías para la articulación de la investigación en educación médica en la Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando con la investigación en recursos humanos en el Perú / Articulation paths in research on medical education at San Fernando Faculty of Medicine and research on human resources in Peru

Introducción: En investigaciones previas se ha identificado la desarticulación entre la acción investigadora de la Universidad, y las prioridades de investigación o necesidades de conocimiento, entre otros campos, en el de la educación médica y la investigación educacional en salud, lo que resta aplicabilidad a los resultados de las investigaciones. Objetivos: Identificar factores explicativos de la desarticulación entre la investigación en educación médica en la Facultad de Medicina, y la investigación en recursos humanos en salud en el país. Diseño: Estudio de caso cualitativo. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú. Participantes: Informantes de la universidad y de la autoridad sanitaria nacional. Métodos: El estudio se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave tanto de la universidad como de la autoridad sanitaria nacional. Principales medidas de resultados: Factores explicativos de desarticulación. Resultados: Los factores explicativos de la desarticulación entre la investigación en educación médica en la Facultad de Medicina y la investigación en recursos humanos en salud en el país fueron: a) Una cultura de investigación dependiente de los recursos universitarios, que son escasos para investigaciones de mayor envergadura como los requeridos por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA); b) Para el MINSA, la UNMSM es una entidad de baja visibilidad; sus publicaciones en el campo de Recursos Humanos no son conocidas; c) La investigación sanmarquina se visualiza como fruto de esfuerzos individuales, no de la existencia de equipos de investigación. Conclusiones: Las líneas de investigación consistentes con la experiencia e intereses de los investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina, enmarcadas en las prioridades de investigación de recursos humanos en Salud en el Perú, fueron a) la articulación de la formación en pregrado de los recursos humanos en salud con las necesidades de salud del país...

Introduction: Previous research has shown lack of articulation between university based research and research priorities as defined by the national health authority. Objectives: To identify explanatory factors for lack of articulation between university research activities and knowledge needs as defined by users. Design: Qualitative case study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru. Participants: Informants from both the university and the national health authority. Methods: The study was based in semi structured interviews to key informants, from the university and the national health authority. Main outcome measures: Lack of articulation explanatory factors. Results: Explanatory factors identified were: a) Research funding culture depending on own university limited resources, and not allowing proposed nationwide studies such as those required by the Ministry of Health (MOH); b) Low UNMSM visibility at MOH with consequent unawareness of its publications on Human Resources; c) UNMSM research visualized as basically individual efforts and not as the result of research teams and research lines. Conclusions: Research lines concordant with needs and capacities of human resources research priorities were: a) Articulation of undergraduate education and health needs; b) Use of information and communication technology (ICT) in training; and c) Impact of experiences on competencies development for graduate education and specialization.

Medical education for company employees by Osaka University: / 医学教育

Background: A nonprofit organization―the Supporting Center for Clinical Research and Education—has outsourced medical education to the Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. The main targets of this education are researchers and developers in pharmaceutical and medical-equipment companies.<br>Method: Since 2004, the Supporting Center for Clinical Research and Education has provided short, intensive seminars on 25 subjects to 214 company employees. The key components of the seminars are lectures, practice, case conferences, interviews with patients, and comprehensive discussions.<br>Results: After each seminar was completed, it was evaluated with questionnaires filled out by participants. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with all components of the seminars, with interviews with patients being the most highly rated.<br>Conclusions: Medical educational activities for company employees have increased in recent years. These seminars are intended to provide short, intensive, small-group instruction to researchers and developers in pharmaceutical and medical-equipment companies with a goal of patient-centered medical practice based on a proper understanding of the actual condition of patients.

The need for promoting educational activities regarding prevention strategies for influenza among college students / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Introduction</b> : To promote influenza prevention activities, we investigated the current status of prevention strategies for influenza among college students.<br><b>Methods</b> : We handed out a questionnaire regarding prevention strategies for influenza to all students who visited at Oita University's Health Science Center for a medical checkup.<br><b>Results</b> : Of the 2,752 students surveyed, 2,579 (93.7%) responded. Valid responses were obtained from 2,489 students (response rate 96.5%). Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed that the percentage of the students who received influenza vaccine was 21.0%. The proportion of the male students who received vaccine was significantly lower than that of female students (19.1% vs 23.7%). Regarding to the daily prevention habits, 71.7% of the students were able to carry out hand-washing, while less than half of the students carried out gargling, wearing a facemask and avoiding crowds. The proportion of the students who carried out daily prevention habits was significantly lower in non-vaccinated students than in vaccinated groups.<br><b>Conclusion</b> : These results suggest that promotion of educational activities about prevention strategies for influenza at university is needed. Among them, promotion of vaccination for male students and daily prevention habits for non-vaccinated students are important.

Interação comunitária e planejamento participativo no ensino médico / Participatory planning and community interaction in medical education

A promoção de saúde demanda uma ação coordenada entre população, poder público e setor saúde, visando à melhoria das condições de saúde. A formação médica deve propiciar ao estudante o contato comunitário e o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção da saúde no contexto em que vive a comunidade. Este artigo descreve a experiência de realização do planejamento participativo e interação comunitária conduzida por estudantes do curso médico em uma área atendida por equipe de Saúde da Família em Montes Claros (MG), ocorrida entre agosto de 2009 e março de 2010. A Estimativa Rápida Participativa e o Método Altadir de Planificação Popular foram os métodos norteadores das atividades, possibilitando o enfrentamento de um problema vivenciado pela população e a intervenção direta e positiva da comunidade nos determinantes do seu processo saúde-doença com apoio dos estudantes de Medicina, que consolidaram os conceitos de promoção da saúde e de prática educativa transformadora.

Health promotion demands coordinated action between the public, government and the health sector in order to improve health conditions. Medical training should provide the student with opportunities to have contact with the community and develop health promotion actions in the context of that community. This report describes the experience of participatory planning and community interaction conducted by medical students in an area served by the Family Health Team in Montes Claros - MG, between August 2009 and March 2010. Participatory Flash Estimate and the "Altadir" Method of Popular Planning were employed as guiding methods for the activities. This enabled the tackling of an issue experienced by the public and direct and positive community intervention in determinant factors of the health-disease process, with the support of medical students, consolidating the concepts of Health Promotion and transformative educational practice.

Epilepsy Care in Mongolia: Current Problems and Future Prospects / 国際保健医療

<b>Preface</b><br> We have been carrying out a project to improve epilepsy care in Mongolia since 2002, in collaboration with the global campaign of WHO, ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) and IBE (International Bureau for Epilepsy).<br><b>Epilepsy in Mongolia</b><br> In Mongolia, the number of patients with epilepsy has been increasing. The current problems of epilepsy care in Mongolia are as follows:<br>1) There are few epilepsy specialists, including surgeon, resulting in insufficient management of epilepsy care.<br>2) Few diagnostic instruments such as EEG, CT, MRI, blood testing are available even in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar. In addition, these tests are very expensive.<br>3) Lack of drug supply and incomplete health insurance system prevent many patients from stable long-term treatment.<br>4) Difficulty in access to medical institution due to immature infrastructure of transportation hampers early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.<br><b>Our activities</b><br> We developed a program for improving epilepsy care. Three workshops were held in Ulaanbaatar where 50-150 physicians participated (2002, 2007 and 2008) for lectures and case discussions. We also accepted a neurologist for training of epileptology at our institute. We offered two analogue EEG machines along with necessary consumables.<br><b>Future prospects</b><br> Most important in Mongolia may be to bring up epileptologists and establish epilepsy network. Because of the chronic shortage of human and medical material resources, there should be a center of epilepsy treatment in Ulaanbaatar, where medicine and consumables can be steadily supplied and transported, and the information network be prepared. Recently, an educational program of the epilepsy for the general public, “Quality Of Life Program”, has been undertaken, which is of high significance in Mongolia to solve stigma and to prevent epilepsy.

Some methods in our hospital for the educational activities on keeping the advanced nature of members of the Communist Party of China / 医学研究生学报

It is a major issue of present ideological and political work to carry out the educational activity on keeping the advanced nature of members of the Communist Party of China(CPC),and at the same time,it is also a chance of practice and exploration for strengthening and improving the ideological and political work.According to the arrangements of the Central Committee of the CPC and our leading authorities,our hospital has carried out this educational activity in-depth,and has gained obvious achievements.In a summary,our methods to improve the effect of ideological and political education were as follows: keep close to the reality and find out the exact problem to enhance the pertinency of the education;carefully organize based on the working characteristic to assure the fulfilling of the ecucation;seek breakthrough of key point to raise the quality of the eduction;develop multiple ways to level up the attraction and affection of the eduction.

A Study on Educational Accountability of Faculty in Medical Schools / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: A college or university faculty can be regarded as an educator, researcher, and service provider. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accountability of medical school professors focusing on the educational duties and to propose the solution and strategy for accountability evaluation of medical school faculty. METHODS: The study used questionnaires which was developed in five big categories asking basic information of the faculty, educational activities, subject of the accountability evaluation, and the primary disturbing factor in accomplishing the educational accountability. The questionnaires were asked to 61 faculty members in Yonsei University College of Medicine. RESULTS: The accountability importance of the medical school faculty was research(37.13%), teaching(31.80%), practice medicine(21.97%) and service(9.10%). Much weight was given for research(40.00%) and education(19.42%). The faculty concentrated mostly on delivering learning objectives as their educational activities. The biggest problem affecting the faculty from concentrating on educational accountability was the over workload. Insufficient incentives and lack of interest in education came next. The faculty also showed dissatisfaction with the obscurity of accountability assessment in operation, uniformity of the measurement and the absence of objective assessment standard. CONCLUSION: Medical schools need to create an environment in support of the faculty to focus on the educational activities. And when evaluating their accountability, the assessment standards need to be systematized and differentiated according to their specialities.