Invarianza cultural del Cuestionario de la Orientación a la Tarea y al Ego (TEOSQ) y diferencias en las orientaciones motivacionales entre adolescentes de España, Argentina, Colombia y Ecuador

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar la medida en que las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de la orientación a la tarea y al ego (TEOSQ) resultan estables en muestras de estudiantes de educación física de España, Argentina, Colombia y Ecuador. Participaron 3376 estudiantes de educación física (1726 chicos y 1650 chicas) de colegios públicos y privados de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14,02; DT = 1,39). Los análisis factoriales multigrupo mostraron que la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos eran invariantes entre los grupos. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias entre las varianzas residuales. Los resultados mostraron una adecuada consistencia interna en las cuatro muestras Los hallazgos de este trabajo respaldan posteriores comparaciones interculturales utilizando el TEOSQ.

Abstract The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which psychometric properties from the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) are invariant across Spanish, Argentine, Colombian and Ecuadorian samples of physical education students. The questionnaire was distributed to 3376 students (1726 boys and 1650 girls) from public and private schools ranging from ages 12 to 16 (M = 14,02; SD = 1,39). Multi-sample confirmatory factor analyses showed that factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts can be considered invariant across the groups. However, residual variances were not found to be invariant across some of the samples. Results show high internal consistency in the four samples. Findings support valid cross-cultural comparisons using TEOSQ.

Diferencias de metas deportivas entre estudiantes de educación física y deportistas: análisis de la invarianza del modelo entre ellos / Differences of Sport Goals between Students of Physical Education and Sportsmen: Analysis of the Invariance of Model among them

El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si hay diferencias en las metas deportivas en función de que la actividad física se realice en contextos escolares o de competiciones deportivas. Participan 574 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, entre los 11 y 17 años, y 511 deportistas, entre los 16 y 45 años, quienes responden al Cuestionario de Orientación a la Tarea y al Ego en el Deporte. Los resultados permiten confirmar el modelo teórico y muestran que, tanto en las orientaciones de meta a la tarea y al ego, las puntuaciones medias resultan más elevadas en el caso de los deportistas. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo se encuentran algunas diferencias relevantes que son discutidas.

The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in the function of sports goals whether the physical activity is done in school settings or competitions. Five hundred and seventy-four students of Obligatory Secondary Education took part on this study, aged between 11 and 17, and 511 athletes, aged between 16 and 45 years, who answer to the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. The results confirm the theoretical model and show that the average scores are higher in the case of athletes, in both cases goal orientations to the task and ego. Through a confirmatory multi group factorial analysis some relevant differences are found that have been discussed.

Análise factorial confirmatória do TEOSQp / Confirmatory factorial analysis of TEOSQp

O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade, a validade factorial e a invariância (por sexo) da versão portuguesa do TEOSQ (Fonseca & Biddle, 2001). Integraram a amostra 1010 estudantes com uma média de idade de 15,42 anos. A análise factorial e da invariância foi avaliada através da análise factorial confirmatória. Os resultados corroboram a proposta de uma estrutura de duas subescalas (tarefa e ego). Com base nos índices de modificação e justificação teórica, o TEOSQ p foi reduzido a 12-itens, com melhores índices de adequação para o modelo oblíquo. Os resultados relativos à invariância por sexo não apresentaram apoio empírico total para a assumpção de equivalência multi-grupo, sugerindo que o TEOSQ p não parece avaliar as orientações cognitivas do mesmo modo, para os indivíduos do sexo masculino (modelo ortogonal) e feminino (modelo oblíquo). Face aos resultados obtidos, foram discutidas as implicações conceptuais, empíricas, assim como os aspectos de carácter aplicado.

The present research assessed the reliability, factorial validity and measurement invariance (by gender) of the Portuguese version of TEOSQ -Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Fonseca & Biddle, 2001). Data were collected from 1010 physical education students with a mean age of 15.42 ( SD=1.91). Factorial and invariance measurements were tested via confirmatory factorial analysis. Results supported internal consistency for the two proposed subscales (task and ego). Based on modification indices and theoretical justification the TEOSQ p was reduced to 12 items with better goodness-of-fit indices for the oblique model. The results of gender invariance did not provide full empirical support to the multi-group equivalence assumption, being suggested that TEOSQ p does not measure in the same way goal orientations for boys (orthogonal model) and girls (oblique model). In light of these results, conceptual, empirical and practical issues were discussed.