Emisores políticos, mediáticos y ciudadanos en internet: hacia un nuevo marco comunicativo en la jornada de reflexión en España / Political broadcasting, the media and citizens on the Internet: towards a new communication milestone for the day of reflection in Spain

Resumen La campaña electoral en España está regulada por la ley orgánica de régimen electoral general 5/1985, que no contempla ninguna medida específica para la cibercampaña. Este vacío legal motiva a los emisores a realizar una interpretación de la norma cuando se comunican en internet durante este periodo. Con el fin de explorar si el nuevo tempo y forma de comunicación en internet se corresponde con un nuevo espacio comunicativo, este estudio analiza los mensajes que políticos, periodistas y ciudadanos se intercambiaron en la jornada de reflexión de las últimas elecciones generales españolas (2011) y muestra cómo esta jornada, comprendida hasta la fecha como un día de reflexión silenciosa, cobra un nuevo sentido en internet.

Abstract Electoral campaigns in Spain are governed by Organic Law 5/1985 on the general election system, which does not include any specific measures on cybercampaigns. This legal vacuum has led the media to come up with their own interpretion of the regulations when engaging in Internet communications during this period. In order to explore whether the new speed and style of communicating by Internet is matched by a new communication space, this article analyzes the messages that politicians, journalists and citizens exchanged during the day of reflection in Spain’s last general election (2011), showing how what has, until now, been seen as a day of silent reflection takes on a new meaning with the Internet.

Use and Rise of Social media as Election Campaign medium in India.

The present research is to examining the relationship between the use and rise of social media as tools for political parties‟ election campaign medium in India. In Indian election system social media has becoming an important medium in campaign. These new forms of media is assume as a central role in attracting voters and especially the new generation of young adults. Social media helps political parties and candidates in more effectively reach large number of voters in a short amount of time. Unlike traditional media social media allow politician to actively engage with their potential voters. Social media allows political parties and candidates to share their beliefs; goals and accomplishments directly with voters, making them feel more directly involved with the campaign. Social media allows candidates to give their supporters a behind-thescenes view of their campaign and more easily track engagement. These new forms of media also facilitate the collection of news most relevant to crucial target groups. The increases in the use and rise of social media are shown as significant and it is essential to do research. The present research is to give an attention to the use and rise of social media in the arena of politics and its impact in general and political participation by the general public. First the study is to examine for rise of social media as medium to reach voters. Secondly why people were using social media during election campaign, based on these uses and gratification approach. The present study is to propose to analyze the rise and use of social media as election campaign medium during election time is based on uses and gratification theory.

O enquadramento do aborto na mídia impressa brasileira nas eleições 2010: a exclusão da saúde pública do debate / The stance of abortion in the Brazilian printed media ahead of the 2010 presidential elections: the exclusion of public health from the debate

OBJETIVOS: o artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de monitoramento da mídia impressa brasileira para identificar as formas de enquadramento do tema do aborto durante o período de 6 de julho a 29 de outubro de 2010, período oficial da campanha eleitoral para a Presidência da República. METODOLOGIA: a partir do monitoramento de 28 veículos impressos de circulação nacional (jornais e revistas), a pesquisa recuperou 464 textos, dos quais 434 foram considerados válidos para o estudo, entre matérias, reportagens, notas, colunas de opinião, entrevistas e cartas de leitores. RESULTADOS: embora o aborto tenha sido amplamente citado na cobertura jornalística da mídia impressa brasileira durante a campanha eleitoral para a Presidência da República em 2010, em uma média de 4 textos publicados por dia, o enquadramento adotado para o tema não foi o da perspectiva da saúde pública. Dos 434 textos analisados, apenas 1 reportagem abordou explicitamente dados epidemiológicos relacionando o aborto à saúde da mulher. Nos demais textos, o agendamento do tema foi pautado mediante enquadramentos eleitorais associando-o à disputa dos candidatos pelos votos das comunidades religiosas e do eleitorado conservador.

OBJECTIVES: this article presents the results of research to monitor the Brazilian printed media in order to identify the stance of the abortion issue during the period from July 6 to October 29, 2010, which was the period of the official presidential campaign in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: based on the monitoring of 28 printed media vehicles (newspapers and magazines) with nationwide circulation, the research selected 464 texts, of which 434 were considered valid for the study. The media studied included stories, reports, notes, opinion columns, interviews and letters from readers. RESULTS: although abortion was widely mentioned in Brazilian news coverage of the presidential campaign in 2010, with an average of four texts published per day, the stance adopted for the issue was not from the standpoint of public health. Among the 434 texts analyzed, only one report explicitly addressed epidemiological data linking abortion to women's health. In the other texts, the positioning of abortion was guided by the electoral stance that associated it with the dispute for the votes of the religious communities and conservative voters.

A Outra face do horário gratuito: partidos políticos e eleições proporcionais na televisão / The flip side of free election advertising: political parties, proportional elections, and television / L'Autre face de l'horaire gratuit: les partis politiques et les élections proporionnelles à la télévision

This article analyzes the impact of Free Television Advertising on proportional elections in Brazil, based on an analysis of the data for the Rio de Janeiro City Council elections in 2004. The article discusses the hypothesis raised by Schmitt, Carneiro, & Kuschnir that free TV advertising time allows political parties to organize their candidates hierarchically, establishing informal "slates". The study thus links two types of evidence, concerning: 1) the efficacy of free TV time as an instrument for political communication, whereby more TV time tends to translate into more votes for a candidate and 2) the analysis of different strategies adopted by the political parties to split the free advertising time between the candidates.

Dans cet article, on examine l'impact de l'Horaire Gratuit de Propagande Électorale (HGPE) sur les élections proportionnelles, à partir de l'analyse des données concernant les élections à Chambre Municipale de Rio de Janeiro en 2004. On y discute l'hypothèse selon laquelle, d'après Schmitt, Carneiro et Kuschnir, le HGPE permet aux partis politiques d'établir une hiérarchie entre ses candidats, en composant des listes "informelles". Pour cela, on considère, de façon articulée, deux types d'évidences concernant: 1) l'efficacité du HGPE comme instrument de communication politique, de façon qu'un temps plus long résulterait tendanciellement par l'obtention de davantage de voix par le candidat; 2) l'analyse des différentes stratégies d'attribution de temps à chaque candidat, adoptées par les partis politiques.