Efectos de la corriente eléctrica de baja intensidad en ratones sanos / Effects of low-intensity electric current on healthy mice

Introducción: El conocimiento de los efectos de la terapia electroquímica, en los organismos puede ser importante para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades. Objetiv:o Evaluar los efectos de la corriente eléctrica directa de baja intensidad en ratones sanos. Métodos: 80 ratones C57BL/6/Cenp sanos (40 machos y 40 hembras) fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en ocho grupos experimentales (cuatro grupos controles y cuatro grupos tratados). La corriente eléctrica directa (10 mA durante 5 min) o tensión constante (10 V durante 5 min) fue aplicada a los ratones. Fueron realizadas observaciones clínicas, macroscópicas, microscópicas y mediciones de los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de la sangre. Resultados: Se indujeron cambios reversibles en los parámetros hematológicos, bioquímicos de la sangre e histológicos estudiados en ratones C57BL/6/Cenp machos y hembras cuando se usó 10 mA o 10 V y diferentes arreglos de electrodos, siendo menos notable para el modo de tensión constante. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones inducidas en los ratones C57BL/6/Cenp sanos por la corriente eléctrica directa de baja intensidad son reversibles y el proceso inflamatorio sistémico es dominado por los linfocitos(AU)

Introduction: Knowledge about the effects of electrochemotherapy on organisms may be important for the treatment of various diseases. Objective: Evaluate the effects of low-intensity direct electric current on healthy mice. Methods: Eighty healthy C57BL/6/Cenp mice (40 male and 40 female) were randomly distributed in eight experimental groups (four control and four treated). Direct electric current (10 mA during 5 min) or constant voltage (10 V during 5 min) was applied to the mice. Clinical, macroscopic and microscopic observation was performed, and measurements were taken of hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood. Results: Reversible changes were induced in hematological, biochemical and histological parameters of the blood of male and female C57BL/6/Cenp mice when 10 mA or 10 V and various electrode arrays were used. These changes were less noticeable in the constant voltage mode. Conclusions: The alterations induced by low-intensity direct electric current in healthy C57BL/6/Cenp mice are reversible. The systemic inflammatory process is dominated by the lymphocytes(AU)

Retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço para o tratamento cirúrgico do trauma elétrico da mão: relato de caso / Reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm for the surgical treatment of electric hand trauma: Case report

Introdução: Lesões que acometem as mãos com importante perda cutânea frequentemente requerem retalhos para cobertura precoce, visto que permitem melhor reabilitação. Dentre as opções, o retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço é o mais utilizado para defeitos no dorso da mão e punho, com baixas taxas de complicações. Normalmente, esse retalho não é utilizado para a reconstrução de defeitos em região palmar, já que geralmente não alcança esse local. Relato de caso: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com queimadura elétrica de terceiro grau, em palma da mão direita, cuja reconstrução foi realizada com o uso do retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço, após debridamentos conservadores, no 14o dia após a queimadura. O paciente apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória, sem complicações ou sequelas funcionais a longo prazo. Conclusão: O retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço permite cobertura adequada de lesões em palma da mão, preservando sua funcionalidade.

Introduction: Lesions affecting the hands with significant skin loss often require flaps for early coverage, as these permit faster healing. Among the various options, the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm is most commonly used for defects involving the back of the hand and wrist due to low complication rates. Normally, this flap is not used for the reconstruction of defects in the palmar region since its distal reach is insufficient. Case report: We present the case of a male patient with third-degree electrical burns on his right palm, whose reconstruction was performed on the 14th day postinjury using the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm after conservative debridement. The patient presented good postoperative evolution, without long-term complications or functional sequelae. Conclusion: The reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm permits adequate coverage of palm injuries, preserving its functionality.

Electric Current Causing Sigmoid Perforation: Case Report.

Post electric burn sigmoid perforation is a rare but dreadful complication. It can lead to increased chances of mortality/morbidity if any delay is made during diagnosis or active management. We report a case of electric current burn on left hand, forearm, arm and shoulder with perforation of sigmoid colon with successful management by primary closure.

Therapeutic Effect of Warm Magnetic Field Combined with Medium Frequency Electric Current on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion of Old Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of warm magnetic field combined with medium frequency electric current on lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion of old patients.Methods By retrospective analysis, 120 old patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were divided into the therapeutical group (treated with warm magnetic field combined with medium frequency electric current) and control group (treated with ultrashort wave combined with medium frequency electric current), and therapeutic effects of two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference between the therapeutic effects of two groups ( P>0.05).Conclusion Warm magnetic field combined with medium frequency electric current is same effect as ultrashort wave combined with medium frequency electric current on lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion of old patients.

Type of Electric Currents Used for Standard Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Does Not Determine the Type of Complications / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The blended current is usually used for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) to minimize bleeding. The pure cutting current may induce less edema of the ampulla and therefore result in less injury to the pancreas theoretically. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of electric currents used on the development of serum pancreatic enzyme evaluation, clinical pancreatitis or bleeding after EST. METHODS: One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients who underwent EST with standard papillotome alone for the treatment of choledocholithiasis were reviewed. All EST had been performed by two endoscopists whose experience on EST was similar: one uses 'blended current' (BC group, n=74), while the other uses 'pure cutting current' (PC group, n=44). RESULTS: Baseline clinical, laboratory, and procedural parameters were similar in both groups. The incidences of hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were similar between two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of clinical pancreatitis between two groups (BC 6.8% vs PC 0.0%, p=0.1557). All episodes of pancreatitis were mild. No episodes of significant bleeding occurred after EST. The incidences of sepsis, cholangitis and perforation were also not different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Development of complications after standard EST such as hyperamylasemia, clinical pancreatitis, and bleeding may not depend on the electric current used.

Circuit Design of Apparatus Used in Multi-functional Drug-Iontophoresis and Interference Electric Current Therapy / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design the circuit used in drug-iontophoresis and interference electric current therapy,which is a multi-functional apparatus. Methods Controlled by singlechip,through the D/A conversion and the functional generator ICL8038,a variety of waveforms were generated. The digital potentiometer was used to amplitude modulation. After the power amplifier and isolation,the signal needed was output. Results It had multiple output channels which could be regulated and controlled independently and could produce a variety of waveforms with adjustable parameters. Conclusion The circuit can complete the drug-iontophoresis and interference electric current therapy,which has simple structure and is low cost and multi-functional. It provides a new type of circuit for the relevant instrument design.

Changes in Muscular Blood Flow Induced by Acupuncture in Rat Ischemic Hindlimb / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] The effects of acupuncture on muscular blood flow, muscular weight, and muscular dynamics were investigated in the rat hindlimb with induced hypoemia. In addition, the optimal conditions for acupuncture in the model were investigated.<BR>[Methods] In male SD rats, the right femoral artery was cut, and a No. 20 40-mm stainless needle was inserted about 3-5 mm into the anterior tibial muscle of the ischemic hindlimb for acupuncture. During acupuncture, the needle was indwelled or electric current was passed, and various stimulations (5h/day, 1 h × 5 times/day, 15 min × 5 times/day, 1 h/day, and 15 min/day) were applied for 5 consecutive days. Seven days after cutting the artery, blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere method, and the degree of muscular atrophy was investigated by the weight ratio of the ischemic hindlimb to the contralateral healthy limb, and findings in the intact, hypoemia, hypoemia + indwelled needle, and hypoemia + various current groups were compared. In addition, the anterior tibial muscle was stained to observe the condition of muscular fibers.<BR>[Results and Discussion] In the ischemic group, muscular blood flow was decreased. In the hypoemia+current groups, blood flow was increased. In the groups that received electric current for a prolonged period, 5 h/day and 1 h ×5 times/day, the blood flow was increased but the muscular weight ratio was decreased. However, in the group that received stimulation for 15min×5 times/day, the muscular blood flow was markedly higher that those in the other groups, and the muscular weight ratio was not changed, showing that muscular atrophy did not occur. On staining, capillary neovascularization and VEGF production were greater than those in the hypoemia group, suggesting that these factors were closely involved in the increase in blood flow.

A study on the effects of Electrical stimulation by the miniature Electric device on the tooth movement and tissue remodeling / 대한치과교정학회지

Electric current is a highly probable way as a clinical tool for tooth movement. The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of exogenous electric currents in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and to investigate the effects of electric-orthodontic treatment on the remodeling of the periodontal tissue histologically. The study was performed with six male cats weighing around 3kg. The electric device which is providing the direct electric current of 20microA was inserted to the removable appliance. The right and left maxillary canines were assigned as control and experimental sides respectively. The control canine was provided with orthodontic force (75gm) only and the experimental side was given the same amount of force and electricity. The lingual buttons were bonded to the maxillary canines and both sides of canines were retracted with NiTi coil spring. The electric device was adjusted to provide 20microA direct current to the experimental canines 5 hours a day. The amount of the canine movement was measured with electronic caliper every week. After 4 weeks of tooth movement, the animals were sacrificed and the histologic study was performed. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The application of a direct current to the experimental tooth significantly increased the final amount of orthodontic tooth movement. The amount of tooth movement after 28-day was 37% more in the experimental side. 2. The electrically stimulated tooth showed histologic evidence of significant increases in the amount of bones and matrix deposition in the area of tension. 3. In the compression side, the electric-orthodontic treatment stimulated bone resorption more extensively in the experimental canines. 4. After 28 days of electricity exposure and orthodontic force, the experimental side demonstrated significantly more osteoblasts, osteoclasts, capillaries and osteoid tissues, reflecting an increase in the local tissue's cellular activity. 5. Intermittent electrical stimulation (five hours a day) had effects to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and tissue remodeling. These results suggested that the low-intensity exogenous electric current by the miniature electric device might accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodeling in vivo and have the possibility to reduce the orthodontic treatment duration.

Treatment of prostatic pelvic floor muscular spasm syndrome by transurethral low-frequency pulse electrotherapy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effects of low-frequency (50Hz) pulse electrotherapy (LFPE) in the treatment of prostatic pelvic floor muscular spasm syndrome (PPMS), and the influence of this procedure on the temperature of rabbit urethral mucosa. Methods (1) A series of 60 cases of PPMS had undergone LFPE; (2) Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: 3 experimental groups were treated for 15 min, 30min and 50 min, respectively, while the other 3 groups served as control groups. Results All cases had been followed for (1～16) months, with a mean of 6 months. Of the 60 cases, 12 were cured, 38 improved, and 10 failed,effective rate being 83.3%(50/60). In animal experiment, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups on temperatures of rabbit urethral local mucosa (t=1.3306, P=0.1049). Conclusions The study demonstrates that 50Hz pulse electrotherapy may be effectively applied to PPMS.

Trauma abdominal penetrante consecutivo à corrente elétrica industrial / Penetrating abdominal trauma following industrial eletric current

The authors present a case report of a victim of high power electric shock. The main electric lesion was a penetrating abdominal wound with loss of substance of the abdominal wall and an electric lesion of the hepatic segment and of the gallbladder. The surgical treatment included hepatic segmentectomy, cholecystectomy, repair of the abdominal wall with Marlex prosthesis and skin graft, besides the debridment of the lesions of extremities. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory and the follow-up for 6 months didn't show any sequelae.

The Characteristics of Nerve Stimulators in Peripheral Nerve Block

OBJECTIVE: To find the characteristics of the nerve stimulator for the peripheral nerve blockade. METHOD: We studied four different nerve stimulators currently available in the clinical setting. The output characteristics(wave shape, voltage and duration of the stimulus impulse) were measured for each stimulator using an oscilloscope. Target current from 0 mA to 5 mA and load resistances from 200 ohm to 10 kohm were selected to model the normal ranges of operating current and tissue impedance when performing peripheral nerve block technique. RESULTS: There was a marked variation in performance of nerve stimulators depending on the target current value and resistances. Measured pulse width was not identical to the target pulse width in three nerve stimulators. Measured voltage with a fixed resistance was smaller in two nerve stimulators than the target voltage which was supposed to be produce in target current value of same resistance. One nerve stimulator showed the differences of calculated current value according to the used resistances. CONCLUSION: For the successful nerve block, it is important for the operator to be aware of the design and functional limitations of the nerve stimulator being used in clinical practice.

Stanger-Bath "Ascending" or "Descending" / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Since hydrogalvanic baths have been used for treatment various diseases have been claimed to be positively influenced by the so-called Stanger-bath. Its analgesic properties are generally accepted. It is also common practice to use “ascending” direct currents (cathode near the head, anode near the feet) for the stimulation and the reverse polarization (“descending”) for the relaxation of the patient, although there are hardly any controlled studies on this issue. In three test series “ascending” and “descending” Stanger-baths were compared. The effects on the autonomous nervous system, on the reaction time, on the concentration capability and on the subjective state of relaxation and well-being were evaluated in healthy volunteers. In none of the trials there was a significant difference between “ascending” and “descending” Stanger-baths.<br>The data do not confirm the common practice to use “ascending” Stanger-baths for stimulation and “descending” Stanger-baths for relaxation.

A Study Electropysiological Characteristics of Meridian and Acupoint. (Part 1) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

It is important to verify the characteristic condition of meridian & acupoint for diagnosis and treatment in oriental medicine. The characteristics of meridian and acupoint are concerned with electromagnetism. The methods of diagnosis and treatment with the concept of meridian and acupoint applying bioelectronical technology had been developed. We investigated electric current when electro-acupuncture was performed between the acupoints of Large Intestine Meridian, and recognized the electrophysiological characteristics of meridian and acupoint as follows.<br>1) Electric current between the acupoints and its waveform durig electro-acupuncture were differed by whether the direction of electric current corresponded to meridian Qi flow direction. Especially this difference was significantly secognized when meridian Qi flow was inferred to be disturbed by some diseased conditions.<br>2) As far as the characteristic of electric current waveforms between the acupoints concerns, electric capacity which is changeable according to the diseased conditions must be considered as a component of acupoint.

Study of Peritoneal Dialysis: II. Influence of Electric Current in Peritoneal Dialysis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Application of electric current in peritoneal dialysis was performed to observe the change of small intestine movement through an abdominal window, and to acceleration migration of certain ions. Prominent elevation of potassium in the dialysate was seen after applying a negative charge in the peritoneal cavity. N.P.H. was not much effected by introduction of the electric current. Acceleration of small intestinal movement was also observed after the application of electric current in peritoneal dialysis. Sow intestinal movement, when large amounts of lavage fluid are present in the peritoneal cavity, will be moderatelyaccelerated as a result of the application of electric current. Electric current can be applied both to prevent distension of the abdomen and adynamic ileus in peritoneal dialysis, and to accelerate too migration of the potassium ion and certain other ions.