Effects of electromyographic biofeedback therapy combined with mirror therapy on lower limb motor and balance function in stroke patients / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To study the influence of electromyographic biofeedback therapy(EMGBFT)combined with mirror therapy(MT)on lower limb motor and balance function in stroke patients. Method:Sixty patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into two groups:MT based EMG-BFT group and EMGBFT group,30 patients in each group.On the basis of conventional rehabilitation,the patients in the EMGBFT group received sham MT stimulation combined with EMGBFT,and the patients in the MT based EMGBFT group received MT combined with EMGBFT.Before and after treatment,the lower limb motor function of the patients was evaluated using Fugl-Meyer assessment scale-lower extremity(FMA-LE)and surface electromyography-integrated electromyography(iEMG)of knee flexion and ankle dorsiflex-ion,co-contraction ratio(CR).Plantar pressure-symmetry index(SI)of mean pressure and contact area of both feet,elliptical area of body center of gravity,anteroposterior(AP)and mediolateral(ML)displacement distance of body center of gravity under eye-opening and eye-closed states were calculated to evaluate pa-tients'weight-bearing and balance function. Result:After treatment,FMA-LE,CR and iEMG of biceps femoris and rectus femoris under knee flexion,tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius under ankle dorsiflexion were markedly ameliorated in the two groups(P＜0.01).After treatment,in the eye-opening state,the SI of mean pressure and contact area of both feet,elliptical area of body center of gravity,AP and ML displacement distances of body center of gravity were greatly enhanced in the two groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),in the eye-closed state,the SI of mean pressure and contact area of both feet,ML displacement distances of body center of gravity were observably ameliorat-ed in the two groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the EMGBFT group,the FMA-LE,iEMG of biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles,elliptical area of body center of gravity,AP and ML displacement dis-tance of body center of gravity with eyes open,SI of contact area of both feet with eyes closed had more significant changes in the MT based EMGBFT group after treatment(P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Conclusion:Electromyographic biofeedback therapy combined with mirror therapy can improve lower limb motor and balance function in stroke patients,the underlying mechanism of which may be the activation of lower limb weak muscle motor units,the relief of lower limb spasm,and the improvement of standing static balance ability.

Effects of warming-yang and tonifying-qi needling combined with electromyographic biofeedback on brain image structure,surface myoelectric characteristics and neurotransmitters in patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the effects of warming-yang and tonifying-qi needling combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy(EMGBFT)on brain image structure,surface myoelectric characteristics and neurotransmitters in patients with stroke rehabilitation.Methods A prospective research method was conducted in which 200 stroke rehabilitation patients admitted to the Third Hospital of Xingtai City from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the study subjects.According to the random principle,the patients were divided into a control group and an study group,with 100 cases in each group.Both groups received routine treatment for stroke,while the control group received a combination of EMGBFT.The study group received a combination of warming-yang and tonifying-qi acupuncture based on the control group,and both groups continued to receive treatment for 9 weeks.Observe the clinical efficacy of two groups of patients and compare the differences in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores,brain image structures,serum neurotransmitter levels,and surface electromyography levels before and after treatment,and observe the occurrence of adverse reactions.Results The effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(97.00％ vs.87.00％,P<0.05).After treatment,NIHSS score,traditional Chinese medicine symptom score,root-mean-square(RMS)of biceps and triceps,and synergistic contraction rate(SCR)were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups,and the levels of cerebral blood flow(CBF)in the thalamus and frontal lobe,fractional anisotropy(FA),norepinephrine(NE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-TH),and dopamine(DA)were significantly higher than those before treatment.After treatment,the NIHSS score(4.18±1.09 vs.6.89±1.54),traditional Chinese medicine symptom score(5.41±1.08 vs.9.46±1.55),and biceps RMS(μV:9.76±3.51 vs.16.36±3.44),triceps brachii RMS(μV:6.79±1.83 vs.10.61±2.87),and SCR[(28.08±8.73)％ vs.33.08±9.31)％]were significantly lower than those control group(all P<0.05),the CBF of the thalamus(mL·kg-1·min-1:278.97±86.32 vs.233.63±84.62),and the CBF of the frontal lobe(mL·kg-1·min-1:299.31±75.54 vs.262.81±87.18),FA(0.57±0.18 vs.0.48±0.14),serum 5-HT(ng/L:352.83±38.93 vs.306.71±32.54),NE(ng/L:160.83±17.25 vs.122.81±12.41),DA(μg/L:9.23±0.92 vs.7.36±0.71)were significantly higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(3.00％ vs.14.00％,P<0.05).Conclusion Based on EMGBFT,the combination of warming-yang and tonifying-qi acupuncture can synergistically improve the clinical symptoms and brain image structure in stroke rehabilitation patients,and increase their serum neurotransmitter levels,with fewer adverse reactions,which is worthy of promotion.

Combining electromyographic biofeedback with extracorporeal shockwave therapy can better relieve lower limb spasticity and improve the motor functioning of children with spastic cerebral palsy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of combining extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) with electromyographic biofeedback on the motor functioning of children with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:Fifty children with spastic cerebral palsy (2-7 years old) were randomized into a control group and an experimental group, each of 25. Both groups received routine rehabilitation and electric stimulation therapy with electromyographic biofeedback, while the experimental group was additionally provided with ESWT. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment, integral electromyograms were recorded and the root mean square values of the electromyogram recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle were computed. Lower limb spasticity and motor ability were evaluated by using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), and the D and E regions of the Gross Motor Function Measurement Scale (GMFM-88).Results:After the treatment the results of both groups had improved significantly in terms of the surface electromyography of the tibialis anterior muscle, MAS scores, R1 in the MTS and the difference between R2 and R1, and the GMFM-88 regional scores. All of the improvements were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group, on average.Conclusions:Combining ESWT with EMG biofeedback can better relieve lower limb spasticity and improve the motor functioning of children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Biofeedback training can significantly improve dysphagia among stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of combining surface electromyography biofeedback with intensive pharyngeal ascending e-biofeedback training on dysphagia among stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a biofeedback group, a pharyngeal ascending group and a combination group, each of 20. In addition to routine swallowing training, the biofeedback group received 20 minutes of surface electromyographic biofeedback training daily while the pharyngeal ascending group did pharyngeal rising reinforcement training based on biofeedback for strength and skill training (BiSSkiT) theory. The combination group was given both. Before and after 4 weeks of the interventions, videofluoroscopy was used to evaluate everyone′s swallowing. The Swallowing Function Assessment Scale (SSA) and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) were also applied.Results:Significant improvement was observed in all 3 groups in terms of their average VFSS, SSA and DOSS scores. The average videofluoroscopy, SSA and DOSS results of the combination group were then significantly better than the other two groups′ averages, and those of the pharyngeal ascending group were significantly superior to those of the biofeedback group.Conclusion:Combining intensive pharyngeal ascending electronic biofeedback training with surface EMG biofeedback can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke survivors.

Effect mechanism of blistering moxibustion on visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome in mice based on 5-HT signal pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of blistering moxibustion on the expression levels of 5-hydroxytyptamine (5-HT) and its receptors of the colon tissue in the mice with visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), so as to explore the effect mechanism of blistering moxibustion in treatment of IBS.@*METHODS@#Forty SPF-grade newborn Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an antagonist group and a blistering moxibustion group, 10 mice in each one. Before modeling, the injection with 0.2 mL parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was given on the lateral ventricle in the antagonist group. The endorectal glacial acetic acid stimulation combined with tail clipping was used to prepare the model of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS in the model group, the antagonist group and the blistering moxibustion group. After modeling, in the blistering moxibustion group, the intervention with blistering moxibustion was exerted at "Zhongwan" (CV 12), "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), once herbal irritant plaster at each acupoint, for 2 h each time, once a week, consecutively for 3 weeks. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of abdominal muscles were adopted to evaluate the visceral hypersensitivity. HE staining was applied to observe the morphological changes in colon tissue, and immunohistochemistry was to determine the expression levels of 5-HT and its receptors.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles was increased under 20, 40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in the model group (P<0.05), AWR scores and EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles under 60, 80 mm Hg were all increased in the model group (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles was reduced under 20 mm Hg in the blistering moxibustion group (P<0.05), AWR scores were increased under 40 mm Hg in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05); AWR scores and EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles under 60, 80 mm Hg were all reduced in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, in the model group, the mucosa was slightly disturbed, while, the moderate inflammatory cells were visible in the submucosa. In comparison with the model group, the inherent glands of mucosa were regular in shape and a small number of inflammatory cells were visible in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group. In comparison with the normal group, the average positive staining area percentage (APSAP) of 5-HT and 5-HT3R of the colon tissue was increased, while, APSAP of 5-HT4R was reduced in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, APSAP of 5-HT and 5-HT3R was reduced in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Blistering moxibustion can relieve the visceral hypersensitivity of the mice with visceral hypersensitive IBS and the underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of the gut-brain axis mediated by 5-HT signaling pathway.

Electromyographical and Physiological Correlation in Patient with Heart Disease

Abstract Background: Walking is an economic activity, the more efficient the mechanical contribution, the less metabolic energy is necessary to keep walking. Patients with chronic heart failure and heart transplant present peripheral musculoskeletal disorders, dyspnea, and fatigue in their activities. Objective: In this scenario, the present study sought to verify the correlations between metabolic and electromyographic variables in chronic heart failure, heart transplant patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Regression and correlation between cost of transport and electromyographic cost, as well as correlation between oxygen consumption and muscle coactivation in patients and controls at five different walking speeds have been performed, with alpha = 0.05. Results: Strong correlation values (r controls: 0.99; chronic heart failure: 0.92; heart transplant: 0.88) indicate a linear relationship between the cost of transport and electromyographic cost. Oxygen consumption was significantly correlated to muscle activation in all groups. Conclusion: These results suggested that dynamic muscle coactivation was an important factor, especially for CHF and HT. These data support the idea that peripheral muscle limitations play an important role in people with CHF and HT. These findings indicate a strong relation between metabolic and electromyographic variables. For chronic heart failure and heart transplant patients, it can help to explain some difficulties in daily activities and aid in physical rehabilitation.

Actividad electromiográfica de los músculos del cuádriceps asociado a las diferentes posiciones del pie: un estudio piloto / Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps musculature associated with the different functions of the foot: a pilot study

Resumen Costa Loures, P L., Pereira Santos, F., Monteiro, L G., Duarte Rocha da Silva, C C y Fernandes da Silva, S. (2020). Actividad electromiografíca de los músculos del cuádriceps asociada a las diferentes posiciones del pie: un estudio piloto. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-15. El fortalecimiento de los músculos del cuádriceps femoral (CF) es importante debido a su función en el movimiento. La posición de la articulación puede generar cambios en el reclutamiento muscular. De esa forma el presente estudio tiene como objetivo verificar si variaciones en las posiciones del pie durante la extensión de las rodillas son eficaces para la selección específica de los músculos recto femoral, vasto lateral y vasto medial, que componen el CF. Once mujeres universitarias (edad 22.36 ± 3.56 años) participaron del estudio. Fue evaluada la activación de los músculos a través de la electromiografía de superficie, con una configuración bipolar, en 3 series de 10 repeticiones máximas (RM) de extensión bilateral de rodilla, en tres posiciones de los pies: neutra, rotación interna y rotación externa. Los resultados no presentaron diferencias significativas entre los músculos del CF en todas las posiciones del pie. En conclusión, los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que las variaciones en los grados de rotación de los pies durante la extensión de las rodillas no son eficaces para la selección específica de los músculos que componen el CF.

Resumo Costa Loures, P L., Pereira Santos, F., Monteiro, L G., Duarte Rocha da Silva, C C e Fernandes da Silva, S. (2020). Atividade eletromiográfica da musculatura do quadríceps associado às diferentes posições do pé: um estudo piloto. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-15. O fortalecimento do grupo muscular quadríceps femoral (QF) é muito importante devido sua função para o movimento. Mudanças na posição do pé, podem gerar alterações no recrutamento muscular, desta forma o presente estudo objetivou verificar se as variações nas posições dos pés, durante a extensão de joelhos, são eficazes para a seleção específica dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial, que compõem o QF. Onze mulheres universitárias (idade 22.36 ± 3.56 anos) participaram do estudo. Foi avaliada a ativação dos músculos através da eletromiografia de superfície, com configuração bipolar, em 3 séries de 10 repetições máximas (RM) de extensão de joelhos bilateral, em três posições dos pés: posição neutra, rotação interna e rotação externa. Os resultados não apontam diferenças significativas entre os músculos do QF superficial em todas as posições dos pés. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que as variações nos graus de rotação dos pés durante a extensão de joelhos, não são eficazes para a seleção específica dos músculos que compõem o QF.

Abstract Costa Loures, P L., Pereira Santos, F., Monteiro, L G., Duarte Rocha da Silva, C C & Fernandes da Silva, S. (2020). Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps musculature associated with the different functions of the foot: a pilot study. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-15. Strengthening the femoral quadriceps (FQ) muscular group is very important due to its function in moving. The joint position may generate modifications in muscle recruitment. Consequently, the objective of this study was to verify if foot position variations during knee extension are efficient in the specific selection of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles comprising the FQ. Eleven female college students (ages 22.36 ± 3.56 years old) participated in the study. Muscle activation was evaluated through surface electromyography, with bipolar configuration, in 3 series of 10 maximum repetition (MR) of bilateral knee extension, in three foot positions: neutral position, internal rotation, and external rotation. Results do not indicate significant differences among the superficial FQ muscles in all foot positions. In conclusion, results suggest that variations in foot rotation degrees during knee extension are not efficient for the specific selection of the muscles comprising FQ.

Atividade eletromiográfica da musculatura do quadríceps associado às diferentes posições do pé: um estudo piloto / Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps musculature associated with the different functions of the foot: a pilot study

Resumo O fortalecimento do grupo muscular quadríceps femoral (QF) é muito importante devido sua função para o movimento. Mudanças na posição do pé, podem gerar alterações no recrutamento muscular, desta forma o presente estudo objetivou verificar se as variações nas posições dos pés, durante a extensão de joelhos, são eficazes para a seleção específica dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial, que compõem o QF. Onze mulheres universitárias (idade 22.36 ± 3.56 anos) participaram do estudo. Foi avaliada a ativação dos músculos através da eletromiografia de superfície, com configuração bipolar, em 3 séries de 10 repetições máximas (RM) de extensão de joelhos bilateral, em três posições dos pés: posição neutra, rotação interna e rotação externa. Os resultados não apontam diferenças significativas entre os músculos do QF superficial em todas as posições dos pés. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que as variações nos graus de rotação dos pés durante a extensão de joelhos, não são eficazes para a seleção específica dos músculos que compõem o QF.

Abstract Strengthening the femoral quadriceps (FQ) muscular group is very important due to its function in moving. The joint position may generate modifications in muscle recruitment. Consequently, the objective of this study was to verify if foot position variations during knee extension are efficient in the specific selection of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles comprising the FQ. Eleven female college students (ages 22.36 ± 3.56 years old) participated in the study. Muscle activation was evaluated through surface electromyography, with bipolar configuration, in 3 series of 10 maximum repetition (MR) of bilateral knee extension, in three foot positions: neutral position, internal rotation, and external rotation. Results do not indicate significant differences among the superficial FQ muscles in all foot positions. In conclusion, results suggest that variations in foot rotation degrees during knee extension are not efficient for the specific selection of the muscles comprising FQ.

Resumen El fortalecimiento de los músculos del cuádriceps femoral (CF) es importante debido a su función en el movimiento. La posición de la articulación puede generar cambios en el reclutamiento muscular. De esa forma el presente estudio tiene como objetivo verificar si variaciones en las posiciones del pie durante la extensión de las rodillas son eficaces para la selección específica de los músculos recto femoral, vasto lateral y vasto medial, que componen el CF. Once mujeres universitarias (edad 22.36 ± 3.56 años) participaron del estudio. Fue evaluada la activación de los músculos a través de la electromiografía de superficie, con una configuración bipolar, en 3 series de 10 repeticiones máximas (RM) de extensión bilateral de rodilla, en tres posiciones de los pies: neutra, rotación interna y rotación externa. Los resultados no presentaron diferencias significativas entre los músculos del CF en todas las posiciones del pie. En conclusión, los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que las variaciones en los grados de rotación de los pies durante la extensión de las rodillas no son eficaces para la selección específica de los músculos que componen el CF.

Reconocimiento de tres patrones básicos de movimiento de la mano utilizando electromiografía de superficie y algoritmos inteligentes / Identification of three basic hand movement patterns by surface electromyography and smart algorithms

Introducción: este artículo presenta la predicción de tres tipos de movimientos básicos de la mano mediante un algoritmo inteligente para extraer características imprescindibles para el reconocimiento de patrones de movimiento a partir del análisis de señales electromiográficas superficiales adquiridas con el dispositivo Myo. Objetivo: reconocer y predecir patrones básicos de movimiento de la articulación del brazo utilizando electromiografía de superficie para aplicarlo sobre un prototipo de prótesis. Métodos: se tomaron datos de 13 estudiantes de 22 y 23 años de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cada uno de los cuales ejecutó tres tipos de agarre: cilíndrico, pinza y pinza planar. Se trabajó con una frecuencia de 10 Hz y se tomaron 5 muestras por tipo de agarre durante 60 segundos. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó la herramienta Anova, estableciendo un valor de significancia mayor a 0,65. Resultados: En ciertos voluntarios hay una mayor reacción en el electrodo 1 debido a que su antebrazo es mayor. El tiempo de respuesta para el reconocimiento varía dependiendo del número de variables que se tenga que comparar. Cuando se analiza un solo movimiento es de 2,6 segundos, en cambio, cuando se analizan los 3 movimientos el tiempo de respuesta incrementa a 7,8 segundos por la cantidad de electrodos que se quieran analizar. Conclusiones: la respuesta del sistema propuesto empieza a ser más lenta a medida que se analizan más movimientos a la vez y por tanto, es menos efectiva. El tiempo de ejecución y respuesta de nuestro sistema, en comparación al estado del arte, es más alto, debido a que se utilizan menos métodos de caracterización de la señal. Adicionalemtne, una limitante del proyecto es la frecuencia de muestreo del dispositivo Myo (200Hz)(AU)

Introduction: the paper presents the prediction of three basic hand movement types by means of a smart algorithm to draw characteristics indispensable for identification of movement patterns based on the analysis of surface electromyographic signals obtained with the Myo device. Objective: recognize and predict basic movement patterns of the arm joint using surface electromyography with a view to applying them over a prosthesis prototype. Methods: data were taken from 13 students aged 22 and 23 years from the Salesian Polytechnic University, each of whom performed three types of grasp: cylindrical, pincer and palmar pincer. A 10 Hz frequency was used and 5 samples were taken of each grasp type during 60 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed with the tool ANOVA, establishing a significance value > 0.65. Results: in certain volunteers a greater reaction was observed in electrode 1, due to their larger forearms. Response time for identification varies with the number of variables to be compared. When only one movement is analyzed, response time is 2.6 seconds, but when the three movements are examined it rises to 7.8 seconds by the number of electrodes intended to be studied. Conclusions: the response of the system proposed starts to slow down as more movements are analyzed simultaneously, which makes it less effective. The performance and response time of our system is higher than in state-of-the-art systems, since fewer signal characterization methods are used. On the other hand, a limitation of the project is the sampling frequency of the Myo device (200 Hz)(AU)

Functional patch combined with surface electromyographic biofeedback for post-stroke dysphagia / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that functional patch has a long-lasting effect on the treatment of dysphagia, and surface electromyographic biofeedback has also been confirmed to relieve dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy of functional patch combined with surface electromyographic biofeedback in patients with dysphagia after stroke. METHODS: One hundred patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into a control group, a functional patch group, a surface electromyographic biofeedback group and a combined treatment group (functional patch plus surface electromyographic biofeedback), each group containing 25 patients. The therapeutic effects were compared between groups by repetitive saliva swallowing test, video fluoroscopic swallow study and clinical efficacy evaluation before, 1 and 2 months after treatment. The implementation of the study protocol complied with the relevant ethical requirements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University (approval No. 201918), and informed consent was obtained from all patients and their families prior to the initialization of the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, there was an increasing trend in the repetitive saliva swallowing test, a decreasing trend in the video fluoroscopic swallow study, and a significant improvement in the clinical efficacy in each group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, significantly increased frequency of saliva swallowing, significantly shortened time of epiglottis movement during swallowing and significantly improved clinical benefit rate were observed in the functional patch, surface electromyographic biofeedback group and combined treatment groups (all P < 0.05). More significant improvements in the above-mentioned indexes were observed in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that both functional patch and surface electromyographic biofeedback have certain curative effect on dysphagia after stroke, and the combination of the two therapies has better clinical effect.

Connection between polymorphisms in HTR2A, TPH2, BDNF, TOMM40 genes and the successful mastering of human–computer interfaces

The development of human–computer interfaces in different individuals occurwith different efficiencies, this is due to the individual characteristics of the genotype determined by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of a person. Here, we checked the connection between the success of the acquisition of the brain-computer, eye-tracking, electromyographic, and respiratory interfaces and SNP of the TOMM40, BDNF, HTR2A and TPH2 genes. Here, we show that the T-allele in rs6313 of the HTR2A gene is associated with an increase in the number of correctly submitted commands of the electromyographic and eye-tracking interfaces. This is probably due to the fact that, the T-allele carriers decrease expression of this serotonin receptor. The decreased expression of HTR2A may be a reason for an increase in the number of accurately submitted commands. It was shown that the TT genotype of rs4290270 polymorphism was associated with an increase in the accuracy of work with the myographic interface. In addition, the association of subjective interfaces work time with polymorphisms rs429358 and rs2030324 was noted. Thus, the genotypic characteristics of individuals can be a predictive sign for the degree of success of mastering human–computer interfaces, which can allow to expand the understanding of training the neural mechanisms when working with this class of devices.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Action Observation and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training in a Patient with Writer's Cramp

We present a 47-year-old right-handed woman with a 15-year history of writer's cramp who was provided with six sessions of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with observation of writing actions performed by a healthy subject and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training to decrease EMG activities in her right forehand muscles while writing for 30 min for 4 weeks. She showed improvement in dystonic posture and writing speed after the intervention. The writing movement and writing speed scores on a writer's cramp rating scale decreased, along with writing time. Our findings demonstrated that cathodal tDCS combined with action observation and EMG biofeedback training might improve dystonic writing movements in a patient with writer's cramp.

Treatment of Stroke Patients with Shoulder-wrist Syndrome by Acupoint Catgut Embedding and Surface Electromyogram Biofeedback Therapy / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding and surface electromyogram biofeedback therapy (sEMGBF) in the treatment of stroke patients complicated with shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS). METHODS: A total of 90 stroke patients with SHS were randomly divided into acupoint catgut embedment (ACE), sEMGBF and ACE+sEMGBF (combined treatment) groups (n=30 cases/group). The catgut embedment was performed at Jianliao (LI 14), Jianyu (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Waiguan (TE 5) on the affected side, once every 3 weeks, twice altogether. The electromyographic biofeedback therapy (30-50 Hz, pulse duration 200 µs, 6 s-on and 10 s-off, appropriate strength) was applied to the skin area co-vering the deltoid muscle, flexor muscle of wrist and wrist extensor for 20 min, once per day, 5 times/week, for 6 weeks. The total effective rate was assessed by using Liao's and Zhu's methods (1996), the pain severity assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA, 66-points) scale and the patients' activities of daily living function (ADL, 100-points) were also scored. RESULTS: Before treatment, the VAS, FMA and ADL points of the three groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). After the treatment, the total effective rate (93.33%), FMA and ADL scores of the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those of the ACE and sEMGBF groups (P0.05). The VAS score of the ACE group was markedly lower than that of the sEMGBF group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined administration of ACE and sEMGBF has a better therapeutic effect for stroke patients complicated with SHS relevant to simple ACE and simple sEMGBF therapy in improving the upper limb function, relieving pain, and enhancing the daily life quality.

The application of ECG cancellation in diaphragmatic electromyographic by using stationary wavelet transform

In this paper, we present and investigate a special kind of stationary wavelet algorithm using “inverse” hard threshold to eliminate the electrocardiogram (ECG) interference included in diaphragmatic electromyographic (EMGdi). Differing from traditional wavelet hard threshold, “inverse” hard threshold is used to shrink strong coefficients of ECG interference and reserve weak coefficients of EMGdi signal. Meanwhile, a novel QRS location algorithm is proposed for the position detection of R wave by using low frequency coefficients in this paper. With the proposed method, raw EMGdi is decomposed by wavelet at fifth scale. Then, each ECG interference threshold is calculated by mean square, which is estimated by wavelet coefficients in the ECG cycle at each level. Finally, ECG interference wavelet coefficients are removed by “inverse” hard threshold, and then the de-noised signal is reconstructed by wavelet coefficients. The simulation and clinical EMGdi de-noising results show that the “inverse” hard threshold investigated in this paper removes the ECG interference in EMGdi availably and reserves its signal characteristics effectively, as compared to wavelet threshold.

Analysis of the Clinical Effect of Botulinumtoxin Type A(Botox-A)Combined with Electromyographic Biofeedback Therapy on the Upper Limb Muscle Spasm after Stroke / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of botulinumtoxin type A (Botox-A) combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy on the upper limb muscle spasm after stroke.Methods:86 cases of patients with upper limb muscle spasm after stroke in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group,with 43 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with electromyographic biofeedback therapy,and the observation group was treated with Botox-A based on the basis of control group.The improvement of upper limb muscle spasm,Upper limb movement function,the active range of wrist joint and life skills before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of improvement of upper limb muscle spasm of observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment,the Fugl-Meyer scores,Wrist joint activities,modified Barthel index (MBI) of two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05),which were significantly higher in the observation group than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Botox-Acombined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy had remarkable clinical effect on the upper limb muscle spasm after stroke,which could effectively reduce the upper limb spasticity,improve the arm and wrist movement ability and the ability of daily life.

Acute effects of local vibration on the neuromuscular responses / Efeito agudo da vibração local sobre as respostas neuromusculares

The aim of this study was to evaluate acute neuromuscular responses to local vibrations (LV) exposure through monitoring of imposed acceleration. Nineteen healthy males (age = 22.43 ± 2.76 years; body mass = 76.4 ± 12.94 kg; height = 175 ± 6.76 cm) performed an elbow flexion isometric exercise (Scott bench) in two experimental conditions: simple isometric exercise (Control - CON) and vibrating isometric exercise (Local Vibration - LV; Frequency = 20.01 ± 0.13, displacement = 2 - 5 mm). Protocols consisted of 5 maximal voluntary contractions of 12 seconds each and five minutes of recovery between series with (LV) or without vibration (CON). During the exercise, individuals were seated on the bench with the dominant arm resting on the bench support at an approximate angle of 45º between shoulder flexion and the torso. Strength parameters (Rate of Force Development - RFD, p = .030; Peak Force - PF, p = .027; and Fatigue Index - FI, p = .001) significantly increased in LV compared to CON. For EMG parameters, significant changes were only observed for highest value of increase rate of the EMG signal - RER (p = .041), median frequency of EMG signal between peak force and force at the end of the isometric action - MFFbic (p = .045) (agonist) and root mean square of EMG signal of peak force at the end of the isometric action - RMSFtric (p <.001) (antagonist). The addition of local vibrations in resistance training induced an increase in maximal strength, explosive strength and reduced the capacity to sustain strength generation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas neuromusculares durante o exercício com a variação dos parâmetros de vibração local. Foram recrutados 19 indivíduos saudáveis do gênero masculino (idade = 22,43 ± 2,76 anos; massa corporal = 76,4 ± 12,94 kg; altura = 175 ± 6,76 cm) que executaram o exercício isométrico em duas situações experimentais: somente o exercício isométrico (Controle); exercício com a adição de vibrações locais (LV; Frequência = 20 ± 3Hz, Deslocamento = 2 - 5 mm). Os parâmetros de força foram significativamente aumentados no tratamento LV comparados ao tratamento controle (RFD, p = ,030; PF, p = ,027; and FI, p = ,001). Para os parâmetros de atividade eletromiográfica, foram observadas alterações significativas para a RER (p = ,041), MFFbic (p = ,045) no músculo bíceps braquial (agonista) e RMSFtric (p <.001) no músculo tríceps braquial (antagonista). A adição de vibrações locais no treinamento contra ­ resistência, induziu um aumento da força máxima, força explosiva e uma redução da capacidade de sustentar a produção de força.

Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Motion Sensing Game on Upper Limb Function in Children with Ob-stetric Brachial Plexus Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effect of electromyographic biofeedback motion sensing game on upper limb function in chil-dren with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). Methods From March, 2013 to February, 2014, 41 children with OBPP were randomly as-signed into conventional rehabilitation group (n=21) and motion sensing game group (n=20). Both groups underwent a comprehensive course of rehabilitation, and the motion sensing game group received upper limb occupational therapy in the motion sensing game, for four weeks. They were assessed with Mallet shoulder function scale and the surface electromyogram (EMG) of the deltoid muscle when abduct-ing the shoulder before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the Mallet scores between two groups (t=0.730, P>0.05), the scores improved after treatment in both groups (t>5.085, P3.195, P4.420, P2.282, P2.155, P<0.05). Conclusion Electromyographic biofeedback motion sensing game therapy plays a role in the rehabilitation of upper limb function and muscle strength in children with OBPP.

Motion recognition based on EMG signals of residual limb in transfemoral amputee / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the method of lower limb movement pattern recognition using the electromyographic (EMG) signals of the residual thigh muscles, and explore the possibility of lower limb prosthesis control based on the EMG signals. Methods Fifteen transfemoral amputees were selected as subjects, and the subjects were required to complete 5 kinds of motion, including level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, standing up and sitting down. The surface EMG signals from 6 muscles of the thigh stump were collected from each subject, including rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, tensor fascia lata, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and gluteus maximus. Six kinds of time-domain and frequency domain features of the EMG signals were extracted, and 5 kinds of motion patterns were recognized by the support vector machine. Results Five kinds of motion patterns could be recognized online by EMG signals of the residual thigh muscles. By single experimental data from one subject, the recognition rate was 94%; for the same subject, by the data mixed from two experiments, the recognition rate was 85%; for different subjects, the recognition rate was 74%. By feature optimization, using only two EMG features of 3 muscles, the recognition rate could reach 92% by single experimental data from one subject. For 3 kinds of motion patterns (level walking, stair ascent, stair descent), the recognition rate respectively was 100% using single experimental data from one subject, 98.33% using the data mixed from two experiments for the same subject, and 93.33% using the data from different subjects. Conclusions Simply using the thigh stump EMG signals to recognize movement intention is proved to be feasible. For each patient, by several times of training before using the EMG signals, the recognition rate is expected to reach an ideal state. The present work will lay a foundation for lower limb prosthesis control based on the EMG signals.

Clinical Observation of Acupuncture plus Electromyographic Biofeedback Therapy for Cerebral Stroke Hemiplegia / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus electromyographic biofeedback therapy (EMGBFT) on the nerve function, activities of daily life (ADL), biochemical indexes, and lower-limb function in cerebral stroke patients. Method Totally 102 cerebral stroke patients in recovery stage were recruited and allocated to an observation group and a control group by using the random number table, 51 cases in each group. The two groups were both given conventional treatment, based on which, the control group was given EMGBFT, while the observation group was given acupuncture plus EMGBFT. The treatment duration was 8 weeks in both groups. The changes of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), ADL, endothelin 1 (ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the lower-limb motor function were compared. Result The NIHSS scores dropped and ADL scores increased significantly in the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05);after the intervention, the NIHSS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group and the ADL score was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05);in the observation group, the plasma ET-1 level decreased significantly and CGRP level increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05);after the treatment, the plasma ET-1 level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group and the CGRP level was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05);the FMA scores increased markedly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05);the FMA score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus EMGBFT can significantly improve the nerve function and ADL, promote the recovery of lower-limb function, down-regulate the ET-1 level, and up-regulate the CGRP level in cerebral stroke patients.

Improvement effect of electromyographic biofeedback on wrist dorsiflexion function of patients with cerebral infarction at different Brunnstrom stages / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To observe the effect of electromyographic biofeedback on the wrist dirsiflexion function of the patients with cerebral infarction at different Brunnstrom stages, and to clarify the treatment of electromyographic biofeedback,and to provide basis for its clinical application.Methods:A total of 100 cerebral infarction patients were selected.Among them 54 BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱ patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n= 32)and control group (n = 22),and another 46 Brunnstrom Ⅲ patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=23)and control group (n=23).The patients in four groups were treated with the same routine stroke rehabilitation therapy while the patients in treatment groups still received the electromyographic biofeedback therapy additionally.The maximum electromyographic contraction of muscle,active range of movement (AROM) and Fugl-Meyers Assessment (FMA)of the extension of wrist joint were evaluated before treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results:The maximum electromyographic contraction values of muscle of the patients in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment (P 0.05).The AROM in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ), and the value in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).The FMA in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱtreatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment (P <0.05),while the value in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P <0.05);the FMA in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group began to improve 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05)and it was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05). The FMA in control group began to improve 8 weeks after treatment (P <0.05). Conclusion:Electromyographic biofeedback can increase the strength and improve the body function of the patients with cerebral infaction.