Research progress on the treatment of gingival pigmentation / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival pigmentation is a nonplaque gum disease. Patients are often afraid to communicate with others because of gum color problems, which affect the social and mental health of patients. The commonly used treatment methods for gingival pigmentation include scalpel excision, gingival grinding, laser therapy, cryosurgery and electrosurgery. In this paper, the progress of gingival pigmentation treatment was reviewed in terms of bleeding, pain, tissue healing and recoloring. The results showed that the clinical effect of laser treatment was better. Among them, the semiconductor laser had more advantages in reducing bleeding, pain and the restaining rate, while the Er:Cr:YSSG/Er:YAG laser performed better for promoting tissue healing. Clinicians can choose the best kind of laser to use according to the actual situation. For patients with thin gingival biotypes, floating gingival transplantation or substitute materials can be selected to restore the gingival morphology. With the in-depth study of melanin regulation mechanisms, various drugs, such as ascorbic acid, natural peptides, synthetic peptides and derivatives, may be the main research direction for the treatment of gingival pigmentation in the future.

Risco ocupacional: sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica / Occupational risk: signs and symptoms related to exposure to surgical smoke* / Riesgo laboral: signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e a intensidade dos sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição ocupacional à fumaça cirúrgica em trabalhadores da saúde e suas medidas de proteção. Método: Estudo transversal de caráter descritivo, desenvolvido com trabalhadores da área da saúde expostos à fumaça cirúrgica. A coleta foi realizada em setembro de 2021, em uma instituição de serviço terciário com característica oncológica e filantrópica e em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade. Resultados: A amostra foi de 155 participantes, a prevalência de sinais e sintomas: sistema respiratório de 55,45%, sistema ocular 43,22% e sistema nervoso 37,41%, com significância estatística para a intensidade de sinais e sintomas nos sistemas tegumentar (p=0,05) e nervoso (p=0,01). Conclusão: A maior taxa de prevalência dos sinais e sintomas foi nos sistemas respiratório, ocular, nervoso e tegumentar com significância estatística.

Objective: To identify the prevalence and intensity of signs and symptoms related to occupational exposure to surgical smoke in health workers and their protective measures. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, developed with healthcare workers exposed to surgical smoke. Collection was carried out in September 2021, in a tertiary service institution with oncological and philanthropic characteristics and in a highly complex university hospital. Results: The sample consisted of 155 participants; the prevalence of signs and symptoms was: respiratory system 55.45%, ocular system 43.22%, and nervous system 37.41%, with statistical significance for the intensity of signs and symptoms in the integumentary (p=0,05) and nervous (p=0,01) systems. Conclusions: The highest rate of prevalence of signs and symptoms was in the respiratory, ocular, nervous, and integumentary systems with statistical significance.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia e intensidad de lós signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición ocupacional al humo quirúrgico em trabajadores de la salud y sus medidas de protección. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo, desarrollado con trabajadores de la salud expuestos al humo quirúrgico. La colecta se realizó en septiembre de 2021, en una institución de tercer nivel com características oncológicas, filantrópicas y en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 155 participantes, La prevalencia de signos y síntomas: Sistema respiratorio 55,45%, sistema ocular 43,22% y sistema nervioso 37,41%, con significación estadística para la intensidad de signos y síntomas en los sistemas tegumentarios (p=0,05) y nervioso (p=0,01). Conclusión: La mayor tasa de prevalencia de signos y síntomas fue en los sistemas respiratorio, ocular, nervioso y tegumentario con significancia estadística.

Clinical study of hysteroscopical electroresection of FIGO type 3 myoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical application and to evaluate the efficiency of hysteroscopical electroresection of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) type 3 myoma.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent hysteroscopical electroresection single FIGO type 3 myoma in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2019 to October 2021 were collected retrospectively. The clinical symptoms, myoma size, location, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical complications and postoperative follow-up were recorded, and the subsequent pregnancy outcomes were followed-up.Results:Totally 35 patients with FIGO type 3 myoma were included in this study. The average age was (36.6±4.7) years old, the diameter of myoma was (4.0±1.2) cm (range: 2.0-5.8 cm). The rate of complete resection of myoma in one operation was 86% (30/35), the average operation time was (41±15) minutes (range: 20-65 minutes), and the average intraoperative bleeding was (24±18) ml (range: 5-150 ml). No complications such as uterine perforation, massive hemorrhage, hyperhyderation syndrome and infection occurred in all patients perioperation. There were 20 cases with significant increase of menstruation before operation, the cure rate and effective rate of hysteroscopical electroresection of FIGO type 3 myoma were 75% (15/20) and 95% (19/20). There were 24 patients with fertility requirements, their average follow-up time was (14.5±6.8) months, the pregnancy rate within 1 year after operation was 79% (19/24), and the average postoperative pregnancy time was (5.8±3.4) months. There were 15 cases who had completed delivery after operation, including 10 cases of vaginal delivery and 5 cases of cesarean section, and none of them had uterine rupture.Conclusions:Hysteroscopy could effectively resect FIGO type 3 myoma. Hysteroscopical electroresection of FIGO type 3 myoma is minimally invasive with rapid postoperative recovery and could achieve pregnancy in a short time, which is not only helpful to reduce the amount of menstruation, but also beneficial for the prognosis of fertility. It should be carried out by the experienced hysteroscopists.

Stratified research on related risk factors of CINⅡ + in CINⅠ patients diagnosed by endocervical curettage under colposcopy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To estimate risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ or worse (CINⅡ +) on loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) specimens with the diagnosis of endocervical curettage (ECC) CINⅠ compared with biopsy CINⅠ, and also to investigate the hierarchical management scheme of ECC CINⅠ based on the relevant factors of CINⅡ + risk. Methods:(1) A retrospective computer-based research for subjects enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2021 was performed. The case group comprised women with an ECC CINⅠ (ECC results of CINⅠ with colposcopy-directed biopsy results ≤CINⅠ), and the control group comprised women with a biopsy CINⅠ (colposcopy-directed biopsy results of CINⅠ with negative ECC findings) were divided after LEEP surgery and diagnosis in the next three months. The clinical data of all patients before LEEP were analyzed, and the pathological diagnosis between two groups after LEEP was compared. (2) Variables, including age, cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), ECC results, cervical transformation zone (TZ) and colposcopy impression, were included to describe the characteristics and compare the incidence of LEEP CINⅡ +. (3) Univariate analysis and Multivariate logistic regression method were used to analyze the related factors that affect the LEEP CINⅡ + in CINⅠ patients. Further, the specific risks caused by related factors and conduct a stratified study in LEEP CINⅡ + were analyzed. Results:(1) Overall, 2 581 women with ECC CINⅠ or biopsy CINⅠ diagnosis who underwent LEEP participated in the study with the mean age (43.6±9.5) years old. Chi square test found that the age and cytology of patients in ECC CINⅠ group were statistically different from those of biopsy CINⅠ group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in HR-HPV detection, TZ type and colposcopy impression between the two groups (all P>0.05). ECC CINⅠ comprised 957 women, with LEEP histopathology results revealing 288 (30.1%, 288/957) CINⅡ +, which was significantly higher than that of biopsy CINⅠ which was comprised 1 624 women, with LEEP histopathology results showing 333 (20.5%, 333/1 624) CINⅡ + ( χ2=30.31, P<0.001). (2) Compared by LEEP CINⅡ + with LEEP ≤CINⅠ group, there were no significant difference in the age, HR-HPV, colposcopy impression (all P>0.05); but there were significantly differences in cytology, ECC CINⅠ, type Ⅲ TZ (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atypical squamous epithelial cells (ASC-H; OR=2.77, 95% CI: 2.04-3.77), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and worse (HSIL +; OR=2.93, 95% CI: 2.24-3.81), ECC CINⅠ ( OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.56-2.29) and type Ⅲ of TZ ( OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.45-2.11) were independent risk factors for LEEP CINⅡ + (all P<0.05). (3) When cytology was ≤low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and ≥ASC-H, the detection rate of CINⅡ + in ECC CINⅠ was significantly higher than that of biopsy CINⅠ (all P<0.001). In ECC CINⅠ, the rate of CINⅡ + with cytology ≤LSIL was significantly lower than that in cytology ≥ASC-H (56.0% vs 25.9%; χ2=49.38, P<0.001). In type Ⅰ/Ⅱ of TZ, the detection rate of CINⅡ + between ECC CINⅠand biopsy CINⅠ had no significantly different; while in type Ⅲ of TZ, there was significantly different (72.7% vs 46.2%; χ2=4.02, P=0.045). In ECC CINⅠ, type Ⅲof TZ was significantly higher in the rate of CINⅡ + than that of type Ⅰ/Ⅱ of TZ (72.7% vs 21.7%; χ2=16.38, P<0.001). When cytology ≥ASC-H, type Ⅲ of TZ and colposcopy impression of HSIL were combined, the rate of CINⅡ + in ECC CINⅠ was 6/6 while 1/3 in biopsy CINⅠ. Conclusions:Cytology ≥ASC-H, ECC CINⅠ and type Ⅲ TZ are the risk factors of LEEP CINⅡ +. However, cytology ≥ASC-H is more valuable in predicting LEEP CINⅡ + than ECC CINⅠ. For patients with ECC CINⅠ to perform LEEP, it is recommended that cytology ≥ASC-H is taken as the first level stratification, and type Ⅲ TZ is taken as the second level stratification. The colposcopy impression of patients is recommended for a reference parameter.

Research progress of surgical smoke / 国际外科学杂志

Surgical smoke is a by-product of aerosol produced by electrosurgical equipment, laser and other energy equipments when cuting tissue or coagulating blood vessels. It contains non-active particles, organic chemicals, pathogens, viable cells and so on. The characteristics of surgical smoke components produced by different types of tissues or using different kinds of energy devices are different. For example, the average diameter of smoke particles produced by electrocautery is smaller, the possibility of viable cells and pathogens in surgical smoke produced by ultrasonic knife is higher. According to the characteristics of its composition, surgical smoke may be an imporant risk factor to the health and safety of operating room staff and patients. The use of surgical masks, suction devices and portable smoke evacuation systems can reduce the risk to some extent. But the most operating room staff don′t take corresponding measures to protect them. In this paper, the characteristics of surgical smoke and the research progress of protective measures will be briefly reviewed.

Sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica: revisão integrativa / Signs and symptoms related to surgical smoke exposure: integrative review / Signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre os sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica em trabalhadores do bloco operatório. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web Of Science e SCOPUS. Resultados: Foram 1.351 estudos pré-selecionados, sendo 4 por busca manual. Ao fim, obtiveram-se cinco artigos para análise. Os sinais e sintomas encontrados foram: tosse, ardência de faringe, espirros, rinite, lesão nasofaringe, sensação de corpo estranho na garganta, congestão nasal, inflamação das vias aéreas, lacrimejamento dos olhos, náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal, fraqueza, cãibra, cefaleia, sonolência, tonturas, irritabilidade, desconforto (como mau cheiro na roupa). Conclusão: Observaram-se grandes avanços nas pesquisas propostas, estudos que embasam a intensidade dos sinais e sintomas e orientação dos riscos nocivos que proporcionem aos gestores conhecimento e fundamentação científica para futuras intervenções tanto contra a proteção ao trabalhador como para prevenção de risco no ambiente de trabalho.

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature on signs and symptoms related to surgical smoke exposure among surgical block workers. Method: This integrative literature review searched the following databases: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results: A total of 1,351 studies were pre-selected, 4 of which were found by manual search. In the end, five articles were analyzed. The signs and symptoms identified were: cough, burning sensation in the pharynx, sneezing, rhinitis, nasopharyngeal lesion, foreign body sensation in the throat, nasal congestion, airway inflammation, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, muscle cramp, headache, drowsiness, lightheadedness, irritability, discomfort (such as unpleasant smell in clothes). Conclusion: Great advances have been detected in the studies proposed. These investigations lay the foundation for the intensity of signs and symptoms and the orientation regarding harmful risks, providing managers with the knowledge and scientific basis for future interventions, both to protect the team and to prevent risks in the work environment.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico en trabajadores de quirófano. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, buscando en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Web Of Science y SCOPUS. Resultados: Hubo 1.351 estudios preseleccionados, cuatro por búsqueda manual. Al final, se obtuvieron cinco artículos para su análisis. Los signos y síntomas encontrados fueron: tos, ardor faríngeo, estornudos, rinitis, lesión nasofaríngea, sensación de cuerpo extraño en la garganta, congestión nasal, inflamación de las vías respiratorias, lagrimeo de los ojos, náuseas, vómitos, dolor abdominal, debilidad, calambres, dolor de cabeza, somnolencia, mareos, irritabilidad, malestar como mal olor en la ropa. Conclusión: Hubo grandes avances en la investigación propuesta, estudios que apoyan la intensidad de los signos y síntomas y orientaciones sobre riesgos nocivos que brinden a los gestores conocimiento y fundamento científico para futuras intervenciones, tanto contra la protección del trabajador como para la prevención de riesgos en el entorno laboral.

Assistência de enfermagem no uso da eletrocirurgia: revisão integrativa / Nursing care in electrosurgery: integrative review / El cuidado de enfermería en el uso de la electrocirugía: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento científico produzido sobre os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados ao uso da eletrocirurgia no período intraoperatório. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e na biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), por meio dos descritores "eletrocirurgia", "cuidados de enfermagem" e "recuperação pós-cirúrgica melhorada", correlacionados pelo operador booleano and, nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol e francês. Dos 213 estudos encontrados, sete compuseram a amostra. Utilizou-se o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), por meio dos métodos de análise lexical e de similitude. Para a análise da qualidade metodológica, aplicou-se o nível de evidência científica, segundo recomendações da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: Destacam-se publicações entre 2010 e 2012, com nível de evidência V, indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS e CINAHL. Verificaram-se, na nuvem de palavras, termos com maior frequência relativa: "paciente" (n=14); "risco cirúrgico" (n=12); "eletrocirurgia" (n=10); "enfermeiro" (n=8); "conhecimento" (n=6), "cuidado" (n=6) e "prevenção" (n=5). Feita a análise de similitude, identifica-se um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes. Conclusão: Evidencia-se escassez de estudos, na literatura, com informações significativas para agregação de conhecimentos e construção de novos trabalhos.

Objective: To identify the scientific knowledge produced under the care of nursing related to the use of electrosurgery in the intraoperative period. Method: Integrative review based on the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and in the virtual library Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using the descriptors "electrosurgery", "nursing care" and "enhanced recovery after surgery", correlated by the Boolean operator and, in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. Of the 213 studies we found, seven composed the sample. We used the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) software, through methods of lexical analysis and similitude. For the analysis of methodological quality, we applied the scientific level of evidence, according to recommendations from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results: The publications of 2010 to 2012 stand out, with level of evidence V, indexed in LILACS and CINAHL. In the word cloud, we observed the following terms had higher relative frequency: "patient"(n=14); "surgical risk" (n=12); "electrosurgery" (n=10); "nurse" (n=8); "knowledge" (n=6); "care" (n=6); and "prevention" (n=5). After the similitude analysis, we identified the semantic range of more frequent words. Conclusion: There are a few studies in the literature with significant information to aggregate knowledge and build new analyses.

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento científico producido sobre la atención de enfermería relacionada con el uso de electrocirugía en el período intraoperatorio. Método: Revisión integradora, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL y en la biblioteca virtual SciELO, a través de los descriptores Electrocirugía, Atención de enfermería y Recuperación posquirúrgica mejorada, correlacionados por el operador booleano and, en portugués, inglés, español y francés. Siete de los 213 estudios encontrados compusieron la muestra. Se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ, mediante los métodos de análisis léxico y de similitud. Para el análisis de la calidad metodológica se aplicó el nivel de evidencia científica, según las recomendaciones de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: Destacan las publicaciones entre 2010 y 2012, con nivel de evidencia V, indexadas en las bases de datos LILACS y CINAHL. En la nube de palabras se encontró términos con mayor frecuencia relativa: Paciente (n=14); Riesgo quirúrgico (n=12); Electrocirugía (n=10); Enfermero (N=08); Conocimiento (N=6), Atención (N=6) y Prevención (n=5). Se identifica un rango semántico de palabras más frecuentes a partir del análisis de similitud. Conclusión: Se demostró la escasez de estudios en la literatura, con información significativa para la agregación del conocimiento y la construcción de nuevas obras.

A Retrospective Study of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Low-Thermal Plasma Dissection Device Compared to Conventional Monopolar Electrosurgery

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of conventional monopolar electrosurgery (CMES) and low-thermal plasma kinetic cautery (PKC) on complications such as bleeding, abnormal wound healing, pain, and drainage in patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This retrospective clinical study included 258 patients undergoing CABG; the patients were randomized to PKC (PEAK PlasmaBlade, n=153) and CMES (n=105) groups. The patients' clinical data were examined retrospectively for biochemical variables, postoperative drainage, post-surgery erythrocyte suspension transfusion count, surgical site pain examined with visual analogue scale (VAS), and wound healing. Two-sided P-value > 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The median post-surgery erythrocyte suspension transfusion number was significantly lower with PKC compared to CMES (0 [0-1] vs. 1 [1-4], respectively, P<0.001). Mean postoperative drain output and time until removal of drain tubes were significantly lower with PKC compared to CMES (300±113 vs. 547±192 and 1.95±1.5 vs. 2.44±1.8; P<0.001 and P=0.025, respectively). Mean VAS score for spontaneous and cough-induced pain were significantly lower with PKC compared to CMES (1.98±1.51 vs. 3.94± 2.09 and 3.76±1.46 vs. 5.6±1.92; P<0.001 for both comparisons). Reoperation due to bleeding was significantly higher with CMES compared to PKC (0 vs. 11 [7.2%], P=0.001). Conclusion: Use of PKC during CABG considerably reduces postoperative drainage, need for blood transfusion, reoperation due to bleeding, and postoperative pain. PCK appears to be a good alternative to CMES for CABG.

Risk stratified management of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ based on cone margin state / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To investigate the hierarchical management scheme of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) based on cervical conization margin state.Methods:All medical records of 249 patients diagnosed as AIS by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) conization from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2015 in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively reviewed, to explore the relationship between the status of the resection margin and the residual lesion after LEEP, and the multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the related factors that affect the residual lesion after LEEP in cervical AIS patients.Results:(1) The age of 249 cervical AIS patients was (40±8) years old (range: 23-71 years old). Of the 249 patients, 19 (7.6%, 19/249) had residual lesions; 69 cases were pathologically diagnosed as AIS after LEEP, and the residual lesion rate was 13.0% (9/69), which was significantly higher than that of AIS + high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [5.6% (10/180); χ2=3.968, P=0.046]; 33 cases were multifocal lesions, the residual rate of lesions was 21.2% (7/33), which was significantly higher than that of single focal lesions patients [5.6% (12/216); χ2=7.858, P=0.005]; 181 patients underwent endocervical curettage (ECC) before surgery, the residual rate of lesions in ECC-positive patients was 14.0% (14/100) , significantly higher than that of ECC-negative patients [4.9% (4/81); χ2=4.103, P=0.043]. (2) Among 249 cases of AIS patients, the positive rate of resection margins after LEEP was 35.3% (88/249); the residual rate of lesions in patients with positive resection margins (14.8%, 13/88) was significantly higher than those with negative margins [3.8%(6/156); χ2=9.355, P=0.002]. The age of patients underwent total hysterectomy after LEEP was (43±7) years old, which was significantly higher than that of patients who did not undergo total hysterectomy [(37±8) years old; t=6.518, P<0.01].Among the patients underwent total hysterectomy after LEEP, 3 cases (2.0%, 3/152) had fertility requirements, while 38 cases (39.2%, 38/97) did not underwent total hysterectomy, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=59.579, P<0.01). Among the 152 patients who underwent total hysterectomy after LEEP, the residual rate of lesions was 11.8% (18/152); the residual rate of lesions in patients with positive resection margins was significantly higher than that of patients with negative resection margins [18.8% (12/64) vs 7.0% (6/86); χ2=4.861, P=0.028]. The median follow-up time of 97 patients who did not undergo total hysterectomy after LEEP was 32 months (range: 4-70 months). During the follow-up period, 3 cases of cervical AIS recurrence (3.1%, 3/97) and were followed by hysterectomy,no invasive adenocarcinoma were seen. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the positive resection margin ( OR=4.098, 95% CI: 1.235-13.595, P=0.021), multifocal lesions ( OR=5.464, 95% CI: 1.494-19.981, P=0.010) were independent risk factors that affected the residual lesions in patients with cervical AIS after LEEP. Conclusions:The cervical AIS patients after LEEP conization suggested be stratified by cone margin state as the first-line stratified index, age and fertility needs as the second-line stratified management index. The individualized management plan should be developed based on comprehensive assessment of high-risk factors of residual lesions.

Is electrosurgery fulguration a better procedure for Bartholins gland cyst?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of electrosurgery fulguration as a treatment for Bartholin's gland cysts. DESIGN Retrospective study with a comparative control group performed on Hospital Brigadeiro and in the Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo from February 2005 to March 2009. Patients: Patients with Bartholin's gland cyst were divided into three treatment groups: group 1 electrosurgery (n=169 cases); group 2 - gland excision with the conventional technique using a cold scalpel (n = 51 cases); group 3 - marsupialization (n=11 cases). We reviewed the clinical and surgical history, physical examination, description of the surgical technique, postoperative results (success and complications), and follow-up data. RESULTS There is no difference between groups in relation to intraoperative bleeding, hematoma, and complete healing in a single treatment session. However, electrosurgery shows the lower percentage of recurrences 18 (10,7%) compared to the Marsupialization technique (group 3, p=.031). Recurrences occurred in 18 (10,7%), 3 (5,9%), and 4 (36,4%) cases. After retreatment by the same technique, there was a complete cure rate of 90% (152/169) for group 1, and 98% (50/51) for group 2. The cost of group 1 was lower than that of other groups. CONCLUSION The fulguration with electrosurgery of the capsule of Bartholin's cyst is an effective method of treatment, andthe cost of this technique is lower than the conventional technique and marsupialization.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficácia da fulguração da eletrocirurgia como tratamento para os cistos da glândula de Bartholin. MÉTODOS Estudo retrospectivo, grupo controle comparativo realizado no Hospital Brigadeiro e disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de fevereiro de 2005 a março de 2009. Pacientes com cisto de glândula de Bartholin foram divididos em três grupos de tratamento: grupo 1 - eletrocirurgia (n = 169 casos); grupo 2 - excisão da glândula com técnica convencional utilizando bisturi frio (n = 51 casos); grupo 3 - marsupialização (n = 11 casos). Revisamos a história clínica e cirúrgica, o exame físico, a descrição da técnica cirúrgica, os resultados pós-operatórios (sucesso e complicações) e os dados de acompanhamento. RESULTADOS Não há diferença entre os grupos em relação ao sangramento intraoperatório, hematoma e cicatrização completa em uma única sessão de tratamento. No entanto, a eletrocirurgia mostrou o percentual mínimo de recidivas, 18 (10,7%), em relação à técnica de marsupialização (grupo 3, p = 0,031). Recorrências ocorreram em 18 (10,7%), três (5,9%) e quatro (36,4%) casos. Após o retratamento pela mesma técnica, houve taxa de cura completa: 90% (152/169) para o grupo 1 e 98% (50/51) para o grupo 2. O custo do grupo 1 foi menor do que os dos outros grupos. CONCLUSÃO A fulguração com eletrocirurgia da cápsula do cisto de Bartholin é um método efetivo de tratamento, mas o custo dessa técnica é menor do que a técnica de convenção e a marsupialização.

Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy, cold cone or thermocoagulation compared to LEEP as a therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Systematic review / Eficacia y seguridad de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con LEEP como terapia para la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical: Revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of the use of cryotherapy, cold knife or thermocoagulation compared to Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing treatment with cryotherapy, cold knife, or thermo-coagulation compared with LEEP, to estimate its efficacy and safety. The search was conducted on MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus, until September 2018. RESULTS The total of 72 studies were identified, of which only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatment of CIN with cold knife decreases the risk of residual disease compared with LEEP (RR, 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30-0.96, p = 0.04). The management of premalignant lesions with cryotherapy, compared with LEEP, increases the risk of disease recurrence by 86% (RR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.16-2.97, p = 0.01), increases the risk of infections (RR, 1.17, 95%CI, 1.08-1.28, p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of minor bleeding by 51% (RR, 0.49, 95%CI) %, 0.40-0.59, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer with cold knife reduces the risk of residual disease. Nevertheless, cryotherapy reduces the risk of minor bleeding in the 24 hours after treatment and increases the risk of recurrence of disease and infections.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con el procedimiento de escisión electroquirúrgica en asa (LEEP) para el manejo de neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales. MÉTODOS Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en mujeres con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en tratamiento con crioterapia, cono frio, o termo coagulación y LEEP, para estimar su eficacia y seguridad. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE/PUBMED, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL) y Scopus, hasta setiembre de 2018. RESULTADOS Se identificaron 72 estudios, ocho cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Cono frio disminuyó el riesgo de enfermedad residual en comparación con LEEP (RR 0,54; IC del 95%, 0,30-0,96, p = 0,04). Crioterapia en comparación con LEEP incrementó el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad en un 86,0% (RR 1,86; IC del 95%, 1,16-2,97, p = 0,01) con un tiempo de seguimiento de seis a 24 meses, y de infecciones (RR, 1,17; IC del 95%, 1,08-1,28, p < 0,001); pero redujo el riesgo de sangrado menor en un 51,0% (RR 0,49; IC del 95%, 0,40-0,59, p ≤ 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Cono frio reduce el riesgo de enfermedad residual. Sin embargo, la crioterapia reduce el riesgo de sangrado menor en las 24 horas posteriores al tratamiento e incrementa el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad y de infecciones.

Comparison of the effect of traditional hysteroscopy and HEOS system hysteroscopy in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residual / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the clinical effects of conventional hysteroscopy and HEOS hysteroscopy in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residuals.Methods From January 2017 to February 2019,60 patients with refractory intrauterine pregnancy residuals admitted to the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHospital of Wenzhou were randomly selected .The patients were divided into traditional endoscopy group and HEOS system endoscope group according to the different operation method ,with 30 cases in each group.The operation time, intraoperative blood loss , hospitalization cost , postoperative uterine adhesion rate , postoperative menstrual recovery time,postoperative recovery rate of endometrium at the first ,second and third month after operation were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of the conventional laparoscopic group was (24.38 ±3.16)min, which was longer than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group [(18.71 ±3.32)min](t=1.336,P=0.027). The intraoperative blood loss of the conventional laparoscopic group was (18.41 ±4.35) mL,which was higher than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(12.81 ±3.84)mL](t=1.853,P=0.031).The hospitalization cost of the conventional laparoscopic group was (7461.87 ±344.92) CNY,which was more than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(6743.19 ±298.52)CNY](t=0.037,P=0.040).In addition,the uterine adhesion rate in the traditional hysteroscopic group was 20.00％( 6/30 ) , which was higher than that in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[6.67％(2/30)] (χ2 =2.308,P=0.029),and the postoperative menstrual recovery time in the traditional hysteroscopic group was ( 31.46 ±4.12 ) d, which was longer than that in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group [(26.18 ±3.72)d](t=1.730,P=0.026).At the first,second and third month after operation ,the good endometrial recovery rates in the traditional laparoscopic group were 20.00％(6/30),43.33％(13/30),63.33％(19/30), respectively,which were lower than those in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group [46.67％(14/30),70.00％(21/30),93.33％(28/30)](χ2 =4.800,4.344,7.954,P =0.028,0.037,0.005).Conclusion HEOS system endoscope in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residual has good effect and is worthy of promoting .

Comparison of the effect of traditional hysteroscopy and HEOS system hysteroscopy in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residual / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To compare the clinical effects of conventional hysteroscopy and HEOS hysteroscopy in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residuals.@*Methods@#From January 2017 to February 2019, 60 patients with refractory intrauterine pregnancy residuals admitted to the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wenzhou were randomly selected.The patients were divided into traditional endoscopy group and HEOS system endoscope group according to the different operation method, with 30 cases in each group.The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization cost, postoperative uterine adhesion rate, postoperative menstrual recovery time, postoperative recovery rate of endometrium at the first, second and third month after operation were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The operation time of the conventional laparoscopic group was (24.38±3.16)min, which was longer than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(18.71±3.32)min](t=1.336, P=0.027). The intraoperative blood loss of the conventional laparoscopic group was (18.41±4.35)mL, which was higher than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(12.81±3.84)mL](t=1.853, P=0.031). The hospitalization cost of the conventional laparoscopic group was (7 461.87±344.92)CNY, which was more than that of the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(6 743.19±298.52)CNY](t=0.037, P=0.040). In addition, the uterine adhesion rate in the traditional hysteroscopic group was 20.00%(6/30), which was higher than that in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[6.67%(2/30)](χ2=2.308, P=0.029), and the postoperative menstrual recovery time in the traditional hysteroscopic group was (31.46±4.12)d, which was longer than that in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[(26.18±3.72)d](t=1.730, P=0.026). At the first, second and third month after operation, the good endometrial recovery rates in the traditional laparoscopic group were 20.00%(6/30), 43.33%(13/30), 63.33%(19/30), respectively, which were lower than those in the HEOS system hysteroscopy group[46.67%(14/30), 70.00%(21/30), 93.33%(28/30)](χ2=4.800, 4.344, 7.954, P=0.028, 0.037, 0.005).@*Conclusion@#HEOS system endoscope in the treatment of refractory intrauterine residual has good effect and is worthy of promoting.

Inalação da fumaça cirúrgica: coorte de sinais e sintomas em residentes / Inhalación de humo quirúrgico: cohorte de señales y síntomas en residentes / Inhalation of surgical smoke: cohort of signs and symptoms in residents

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os sinais e sintomas apresentados por médicos residentes das clínicas cirúrgicas e anestesiologia expostos à fumaça cirúrgica. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com médicos residentes expostos a fumaça cirúrgica em um hospital universitário. Houve um acompanhamento durante 17 meses dos residentes ingressantes nos anos de 2015 e 2016, que atendiam aos critérios de estar regularmente matriculado na residência de clínica cirúrgica ou anestesiologia e não ser tabagista. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto de dados sociodemográficos e acadêmicos e dos sinais e sintomas relacionados com a inalação da fumaça cirúrgica, citados na literatura. A análise de dados ocorreu de forma descritiva e inferencial, por testes estatísticos e medidas de efeito. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 39 residentes, cuja maioria era do sexo masculino (56,4%) e idade abaixo dos 30 anos (74,3%). Prevaleceram residentes da ginecologia e obstetrícia (30,8%), seguidos de cirurgia geral (28,2%) e anestesiologia (20,5%). Ardência na faringe (p=0,030), náusea e vômito (p=0,018) e irritação dos olhos (p=0,050) incidiram ainda no primeiro ano de residência. O risco de desenvolver ardência de faringe foi 7,765 vezes (p=0,019) no sexo feminino em relação ao masculino. Conclusão Os sinais e sintomas analisados incidiram em até 12 meses do início da residência e o risco de apresentar ardência de faringe foi maior no sexo feminino, o que indica a exposição aos riscos da inalação da fumaça cirúrgica e, portanto, a necessidade de adoção de medidas de proteção individuais e coletivas.

Resumen Objetivo analizar las señales y síntomas presentados por médicos residentes de clínica quirúrgica y anestesiología expuestos al humo quirúrgico. Métodos estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con médicos residentes expuestos al humo quirúrgico en un hospital universitario. Hubo un seguimiento durante 17 meses de los residentes que ingresaron en 2015 y 2016, que cumplían los criterios de estar regularmente matriculados en la residencia de clínica quirúrgica o anestesiología y no ser fumadores. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue compuesto por datos sociodemográficos y académicos y por señales y síntomas relacionados con la inhalación de humo quirúrgico, citados en la literatura. El análisis de datos se realizó de forma descriptiva e inferencial, por pruebas estadística y medidas de efecto. Resultados la muestra fue compuesta por 39 residentes, cuya mayoría era de sexo masculino (56,4%) y menores de 30 años (74,3%). Prevalecieron residentes de ginecología y obstetricia (30,8%), seguidos de cirugía general (28,2%) y anestesiología (20,5%). Ardor de faringe (p=0,030), náuseas y vómitos (p=0,018) e irritación de ojos (p=0,050) incidieron en el primer año de residencia. El riesgo de desarrollar ardor de faringe fue 7,765 veces (p=0,019) en el sexo femenino con relación al masculino. Conclusión las señales y síntomas analizados incidieron hasta 12 meses desde el inicio de la residencia y el riesgo de presentar ardor de faringe fue mayor en el sexo femenino, lo que indica una exposición a los riesgos de inhalación de humo quirúrgico y, por lo tanto, la necesidad de adoptar medidas de protección individuales y colectivas.

Abstract Objective To analyze the signs and symptoms presented by doctors in surgery and anesthesiology residency programs exposed to surgical smoke. Method Prospective cohort study with resident doctors exposed to surgical smoke in a teaching hospital. There was 17-month follow-up of residents from the years 2015 and 2016, who met the criteria of being regularly enrolled in a surgery or anesthesiology residency and not being a smoker. The data collection instrument was composed of sociodemographic, academic data and the signs and symptoms related to the inhalation of surgical smoke, cited in the literature. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential, by statistical tests and measures of effect. Results The sample consisted of 39 residents, of which most were male (56.4%) and below 30 years old (74.3%). There was a prevalence of gynecology and obstetrics residents (30.8%), followed by general surgery (28.2%) and anesthesiology (20.5%). Burning in the pharynx (p=0.030), nausea and vomiting (p=0.018) and eye irritation (p=0.050) occurred in the first year of residence. The risk of developing burning in the pharynx was 7.765 times greater (p=0.019) in females when compared to males. Conclusion The signs and symptoms analyzed occurred within 12 months of the beginning of the course and the risk of burning in the pharynx was higher in females, which indicates exposure to the risks of inhalation of surgical smoke and, therefore, points to the need for the adoption of individual and collective protection measures.

Successful treatment of conjunctival lymphangiectasia accompanied by corneal dellen using a high-frequency radiowave electrosurgical device

A 62-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of right eye pain unresponsive to artificial tears and topical steroids. At presentation, bullous yellowish fluid collection was noted in the nasal conjunctiva. Corneal thinning and opacity were observed at the 3 o'clock position of the cornea. High-frequency radiowave ablation and biopsy were performed at the affected area. Conjunctival lymphangiectasia was confirmed by excisional biopsy. An improvement in the degree of corneal dellen and chemosis was evident 1 week after ablation. Use of a high-frequency radiowave electrosurgical device may be a simple and effective treatment option for symptomatic conjunctival lymphangiectasia.

Eletrocauterização de verrugas venéreas: presença de bioaerossóis na fumaça cirúrgica / Eletrocauterization of venerealwarts: presence of bioaerosols in surgical smoke

Objective:to analyze the capacity of the bioaerosol retention filters with the use of a surgical smoke aspirator in procedures of cauterization of venereal warts. Method:field, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative research. The study was developedat a referral center for sexually transmitted infections in the northern state of Paraná, in the urology outpatient clinic. Data collection was collected from April to July 2016, with a sample obtained from 72 cauterization procedures. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results:24 filters attached in two equipment, used to vacuum the smoke were analyzed. The conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction method was used to read the filters, using specific primers to search for Simple Herpes, HerpesZoster, Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and Human Virus Papilloma. From the analyzed samples were found Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Herpes Simplex, Hepatitis B and Human Virus Papilloma in the analyzed filters. Conclusion:the use of surgical vacuum aspiration equipment with Ultra-low Particulate Air filters during the cauterization of venereal warts was able to retain bioaerosols when the filter replacement time was respected.

Objetivo:analisar a capacidade dos filtros de retenção de bioaerossóis com o uso de aspirador de fumaça cirúrgica em procedimentos de cauterização de verrugas venéreas. Método: pesquisa de campo, descritiva, transversal e quantitativa. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um centro de referência para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis no Norte do estado do Paraná, no ambulatório de urologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de abril a julho de 2016, com uma amostra obtida a partir de 72 procedimentosde cauterização. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva. Resultados:foram analisados 24 filtros acoplados em dois equipamentos, utilizados para aspiração da fumaça. O método da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase convencional foi utilizado para a leitura dos filtros, sendo utilizados primersespecíficos para a pesquisa de Herpes Simples, Herpes Zoster, Hepatite C, Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, Hepatite B e Papiloma Vírus Humano. A partir das amostras analisadas foram encontrados Ácido Desoxirribonucleico viral do Herpes Simples, Hepatite B e Papiloma Vírus Humano nos filtros analisados. Conclusão: O uso de um equipamento de aspiração de fumaça cirúrgica, com filtros Ultra-low Particulate Air, durante as cauterizações de verrugas venéreas mostrou-se capaz de reter bioaerossóis quando respeitado o tempo de troca dos filtros.

Avaliação de intervenções educativas na prática e conhecimento da equipe médica e de enfermagem no uso de eletrocirurgia / Evaluation of educational interventions in the practice and knowledge of the medical and nursing team in the use of electrosurgery

Os gestores públicos ou privados são frequentemente pressionados para que tecnologias novas e emergentes na saúde sejam adquiridas, porém, para isso, processos de avaliação para sua incorporação, baseados em evidências científicas, tem sido cada vez mais essenciais, apesar do consenso sobre os inúmeros benefícios proporcionados. O Centro Cirúrgico representa uma unidade vital nas organizações de saúde, diferenciada no ambiente hospitalar, que concentra recursos humanos e tecnológicos altamente especializados, possibilitando uma assistência complexa e sofisticada. Porém, tal cenário demanda formação adequada dos profissionais de saúde, frente às habilidades e conhecimentos requeridos para utilização segura de tal parque tecnológico. A unidade de eletrocirurgia se constitui numa prática rotineira no período intraoperatório, requerendo conhecimento técnico-científico do equipamento e dos procedimentos, uma vez que eventos adversos relacionados a seu uso, como queimaduras, têm sido relatados. O treinamento e a capacitação dos profissionais, enquanto uma premissa na prevenção de acidentes, tem sido apontada como parte das boas práticas adotadas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto de intervenções educativas no conhecimento e aplicabilidade de eletrocirurgia da equipe médicos residentes e de enfermagem. Trata-se de um quase experimento, com pré e pós-testes em um único grupo, num hospital de ensino de médio porte do interior de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo 4 médicos residentes da especialidade cirúrgica, 4 enfermeiros e 28 técnicos de enfermagem que atuavam com regularidade e frequência no centro cirúrgico. O estudo foi desenvolvido em sete etapas, com duração de 24 meses, sendo elaborado um questionário semi-estruturado para avaliação do conhecimento dos participantes em cada fase e um roteiro tipo check list para observação das práticas em sala cirúrgica, contendo indicadores relativos ao uso de eletrocirurgia. Os participantes foram expostos a duas intervenções educativas, sendo uma aula didática com disponibilização de um manual informativo e uma vídeoaula. Após cada intervenção, foram avaliados quanto a retenção do conhecimento, com intervalos de tempo programados previamente. Os resultados evidenciaram que os médicos residentes e enfermeiros apresentaram conhecimento prévio do tema em alguns tópicos específicos, não ocorrendo alteração de padrão de respostas. Entre os técnicos de enfermagem, observou-se melhora nos percentuais alcançados, com destaque para os itens checagem do equipamento e posicionamento da placa eletrodispersiva. Entretanto verificou-se que apesar do bom rendimento teórico, na prática os profissionais não apresentaram melhora da adesão de todos os indicadores. O posicionamento da placa adequado, ou seja, o mais próximo do sítio cirúrgico, porém distante o suficiente para evitar queimaduras, apresentou índices de conformidade inferiores a 50% em todas as fases do estudo. Pesquisas dessa natureza são oportunas pois proporcionam aos gestores uma possibilidade de propor projetos de melhoria continua da assistência perioperatória, que envolvam toda a equipe de profissionais, uma vez que a qualidade em saúde deve ser entendida como uma somatória de esforços conjuntos na busca por resultados eficazes, seguros e humanizados

Public or private managers are often pressured to acquire new and emerging health technologies; however, for this, evaluation processes for their incorporation based on scientific evidence have been increasingly essential, despite the consensus on the many benefits provided. The Surgical Center represents a vital unit in healthcare organizations, differentiated in the hospital environment, which concentrates highly specialized human and technological resources, allowing complex and sophisticated assistance. Nevertheless, this scenario requires adequate training of health professionals, facing the skills and knowledge required for safe use of such technology park. The electrosurgery unit is a routine practice in the intraoperative period, requiring technical-scientific knowledge of the equipment and procedures, since adverse events related to its use, such as burns, have been reported. The training and qualification of professionals, as a premise in the prevention of accidents, has been pointed out as part of the good practices adopted. This study aimed evaluate the impact of educational interventions on the knowledge and applicability of electrosurgery of the resident and nursing physicians. It is a quasi-experiment, with pre and post-tests in a single group, in a medium-sized teaching hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Four resident physicians with surgical specialty, 4 nurses and 28 nursing technicians who worked regularly and frequently in the surgical center participated in the study. The study was developed in seven stages, with duration of 24 months, being developed a semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate the participants' knowledge in each phase and a check list type script to observe the practices in a surgical room, containing indicators related to the use of electrosurgery. The participants were exposed to two educational interventions, being one of them a didactic class with the provision of an informative manual and a video-class. After each intervention, the retention of knowledge was evaluated, with previously scheduled time intervals. The results showed that the resident physicians and nurses presented previous knowledge of the subject on some specific topics, and there was no change in the pattern of responses. Among nursing technicians, there was an improvement in the percentages reached, with emphasis on the items checking the equipment and positioning of the electrodispersive plate. However, it was verified that despite the good theoretical performance, in practice, the professionals did not show improvement of the adherence of all the indicators. The appropriate positioning of the plaque, i.e., the one closest to the surgical site, but far enough away to avoid burns, presented compliance rates lower than 50% in all phases of the study. Researches of this nature are necessary because it provides managers with the possibility of proposing projects for continuous improvement of perioperative care, involving the whole team of professionals, since health quality should be understood as a sum of joint efforts in the search for effective, safe and humanized results

Relationship between various histological status of margins of LEEP and residual HSIL or worse at hysterectomy following conization / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between various loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) margin status and residual high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse at hysterectomy following conization. Methods The relevant clinicopathological data were collected in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015, including 947 cases who underwent hysterectomy within 6 months of LEEP. The residual HSIL or worse at hysterectomy were analyzed among the groups. (1) Clear margins, involved margins, and without 1 mm negative margins. (2) Only one positive margin, two positive margins and three positive margins. (3) A positive margin of internal ostium of cervix, of external ostium of cervix and of the basement. Results (1) The histological evaluation of the uterine specimens showed residual HSIL or worse in 234 cases (24.7％, 234/947). The proportion of residual lesions was 7.3％ (21/286) in population with clear margins, 33.2％ (211/635) with involved margins, 7.7％ (2/26) without 1 mm negative margins, respectively. The positive margins group had significant difference at the aspect of residual rate in contrast to the negative margins group and the without 1 mm negative margins group (P<0.01). Further studies conclusively showed that the proportion of residual lesions was very similar between the negative margins group and the without 1 mm negative margins group (P>0.05). (2) The involved margins were interpretable in 621 cases. This was detected in 25.3％(111/438) patients with only one positive margin, 47.4％(74/156) with two positive margins and 77.8％(21/27) among three positive margins, respectively (P<0.01). (3) Furthermore, there were 418 cases only one positive margin was definite, and the proportion of residual lesions was 31.0％(62/200) in population with a positive margin of internal ostium of cervix, 18.2％(31/170) of external ostium of cervix and 33.3％(16/48) of the basement. The residual rates were higher in the endocervical and basal margin groups than that in the ectocervical margin group, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of residual HSIL or worse is significantly greater with involved margins at hysterectomy following LEEP. Both the positive endocervical and basal margin are excellent predictors of residual diseases, while the without 1 mm negative margin may be not. Clinicians should avoid treating it as positive margin and prevent overtreatment.

Analysis of risk factors for residual lesion of HSIL after loop electrosurgical excision procedure / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical outcome of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)half a year after loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP).METHODS: The retrospective study was carried out on 752 patients who underwent LEEP,with HSIL in the LEEP histopathology from January 2018 to December 2018 at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University to confer the difference between residual group and non-residual group after 6 months of the LEEP conization.TCT,cervical biopsy and high risk HPV test were performed on all patients.RESULTS: Among 752 cases,57(7.6%)cases suffered HSIL residual disease while 695 cases in non-residual group. Before LEEP,HR-HPV 16/18 positive were less in HSIL lesion group showed no difference than those in non-residual group(P>0.05).The residual rate of post-LEEP specimens:CIS and invasive cancer identified only microscopically was higher than that in the AIS group(P<0.05).After LEEP,238 cases with positive margins and 514 cases with negative margins.The residual rate in patients with positive margin and negative margin were 21.1% and 1.4%,(P<0.05).The residual rate in patients with positive endocervical margin,ectocervical margin,unilateral margin and fibrous margin were28.7%,18.9%,17.2% and 26.3%,respectively(P<0.05). The residual rate in patients with second LEEP and non-second LEEP were 29.7% and 6.4%,respectively(P<0.05).The residual rate in patients with TCT≥ ASCUS and normal were 21.9% and 4.4%,respectively(P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis using the logistic regression model showed CIS,abnormal cytology TCT≥ ASCUS and LEEP with positive margins to be independent risk factors for residual lesions after LEEP(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Histopathology CIS after LEEP,abnormal cytology(TCT≥ ASCUS)and positive margin are predictors of residual lesion after LEEP with HSIL.