The therapeutic effect of dual microcatheter technology on acute intracranial wide necked aneurysms / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of dual microcatheter technology on acute intracranial wide necked aneurysms and its impact on serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and central nervous system specific protein (S100β).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with acute intracranial wide neck aneurysms admitted to the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to March 2023. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The control group patients were treated with stent assisted spring coil intervention embolization, while the observation group patients were treated with dual microcatheter technology intravascular intervention embolization. We compared the perioperative conditions of two groups, including changes in serum MMP-9, NSE, and S100β, as well as short-term prognosis, changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Barthel Index (BI) score, and incidence of complications.Results:The observation group had shorter surgical and hospital stay than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); At 7 days after surgery, the serum levels of MMP-9, NSE, and S100β in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The short-term good prognosis rate of the observation group was 55.00%(22/40), significantly higher than the control group′s 32.50%(13/40), and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); At one month after surgery, the NIHSS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, while the BI score was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The dual microcatheter technique has a significant therapeutic effect on acute intracranial wide neck aneurysms, reducing the increase in serum MMP-9, NSE, and S100β levels after surgery, promoting postoperative recovery, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Long-term complications and outcomes of therapeutic embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Embolization is a promising treatment strategy for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, consensus regarding the main complications or long-term outcomes of embolization in AVMs remains lacking. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the most prevalent complications and long-term outcomes in patients with AVM undergoing therapeutic embolization. DESIGN AND SETTING: This systematic review was conducted at the Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Data were obtained from MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, which included the epidemiological profile of the population, characteristics of the proposed therapy, complications (hemorrhagic events and neurological deficits), and long-term outcomes (modified Rankin scale pre- and post-treatment, AVM recanalization, complete obliteration, and deaths). RESULTS: Overall, the analysis included 34 articles (2,799 patients). Grade III Spetzler-Martin AVMs were observed in 34.2% of cases. Notably, 39.3% of patients underwent embolization combined with radiosurgery. The most frequently reported long-term complication was hemorrhage, which occurred in 8.7% of patients at a mean follow-up period of 58.6 months. Further, 6.3% of patients exhibited neurological deficits after an average of 34.7 months. Complete obliteration was achieved in 51.4% of the cases after a mean period of 36 months. Recanalization of AVMs was observed in 3.5% of patients. Long-term death occurred in 4.0% of patients. CONCLUSION: Embolization of AVMs is an increasingly safe strategy with low long-term complications and satisfactory outcomes, especially in patients who have undergone combination therapies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ Registration number CRD42020204867.

Malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares na síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber / Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome

Resumo A síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber, também conhecida como telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária, é uma doença hereditária autossômica dominante. Ela é caracterizada pela presença de múltiplas malformações arteriovenosas e telangiectasias. Este artigo relata dois casos de pacientes com síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber que apresentaram malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares e foram submetidos a tratamento endovascular com sucesso. Uma breve revisão da literatura mostra que até 50% dos pacientes com a síndrome têm malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares e geralmente há um histórico familiar positivo nesses pacientes. Em 30% dos casos, elas são múltiplas e estão associadas a complicações mais graves da doença. A maioria dos pacientes é assintomática, mesmo na presença de malformações arteriovenosas com shunt direito-esquerdo. Quando esses shunts excedem 25% do volume total de sangue, podem surgir dispneia, cianose, baqueteamento digital e sopros extracardíacos. O tratamento endovascular oferece segurança e controle das complicações da telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária, sendo atualmente o tratamento de escolha para essas lesões.

Abstract Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. It is characterized by presence of multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and telangiectasias. This article reports two cases of patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome who had pulmonary AVMs and underwent successful endovascular treatment. A brief review of the literature shows that up to 50% of patients with the syndrome have pulmonary AVMs and there is usually a positive family history in these patients. These pulmonary AVMs are multiple in 30% of cases and are associated with the most severe disease complications. Most patients are asymptomatic, even in the presence of AVMs with right-left shunts. When these shunts exceed 25% of the total blood volume, dyspnea, cyanosis, digital clubbing, and extracardiac murmurs may occur. Endovascular treatment is safe and offers control of complications from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and is currently the treatment of choice for these lesions.

Embolización de aneurismas intracraneales múltiples en sesión única

Objetivo: Determinar los resultados clínicos y angiográficos en pacientes con aneurismas intracraneales múltiples tratados endovascularmente en una única sesión. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyó a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con aneurismas múltiples (≥2), rotos o no rotos, tratados con terapia endovascular en una única sesión entre 2019 y 2021. Se recolectaron los datos clínicos y angiográficos. Se determinó la tasa de oclusión inmediata y del seguimiento. La escala de Rankin modificado se usó para valorar el resultado clínico. Resultados: Se trataron 25 pacientes, de los cuales 14 se presentaron con hemorragia subaracnoidea. Se diagnosticaron un total de 78 aneurismas, de los cuales 59 aneurismas fueron tratados. La localización más frecuente fue el segmento oftálmico. La altura máxima promedio fue de 5.2mm, lo cual tuvo diferencia estadística significativa con el estado de ruptura (p ≤ 0.02). El principal tipo de tratamiento endovascular fue la técnica de remodeling en el 39 % de casos. El Raymond Roy inmediato fue I en el 60 % y IIIa en el 35 % de casos. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 24 % y de mortalidad fue del 8 %. Conclusiones: El tratamiento endovascular en una única sesión es una opción efectiva y segura en casos de aneurismas intracraneales múltiples en nuestra institución con tasa de oclusión y complicaciones aceptable.

Objective: To determine clinical and angiographical outcomes in patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular therapy in a single session. Materials and Methods: Patients older than 18 years with multiple (≥2) ruptured or non-ruptured aneurysms were included, and all of them underwent endovascular therapy in a single session between 2019 and 2021. Clinical and angiographic data was collected. Immediate occlusion and follow-up data were collected. Rankin modified scale was used for assessing clinical outcomes. Results: Twenty-five patients were treated, and fourteen had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Seventy-eight aneurysms were diagnosed, and 59 of them were treated. The most frequent location was at the ophthalmic segment. Maximum average height was 5.2- mm, which showed significant statistical difference with a ruptured condition (p≤0.02). The main modality for endovascular therapy was the remodeling technique, which was used in 39% of all cases. Immediate Raymond Roy staging was I in 60% of all cases, and IIIa in 35% of all cases. Complication rate was 24%, and mortality rate was 8%. Conclusions: Single session endovascular therapy is an effective and safe option for cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms in our institution. Occlusion and complication rates were acceptable.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured lobulated anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A retrospective case series study of 24 patients / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for ruptured lobulated anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoAA).Methods:Patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA received endovascular treatment in Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. Their demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics, endovascular treatment methods and follow-up results were collected.Results:A total of 24 patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA were included, including 9 males (37.5%) and 15 females (62.5%). Their age was 56.2±8.9 years old (range 39-74). The time from rupture to endovascular treatment was 10.9±12.5 h. The maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 5.1±1.0 mm and neck width was 3.0±0.7 mm. Nineteen patients (79.2%) were double-lobed and 5 (20.8%) were multilobed. Fisher's grade: grade 2 in 16 cases (66.7%), grade 3 in 6 cases (25%), and grade 4 in 2 cases (8.3%). Hunt-Hess grade: grade 0-2 in 5 cases (20.8%), grade 3-5 in 19 cases (79.2%). Glasgow Coma Scale score: 9-12 in 14 cases (58.3%), 13-15 in 10 cases (41.7%). Immediately postprocedural Raymond-Roy grade: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Raymond-Roy grade in imaging follow-up for 2 weeks to 3 months: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Follow-up for 2 to 12 months showed that 21 patients (87.5%) had good functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), and there were no deaths.Conclusion:Endovascular treatment is a safe and effective treatment for ruptured lobulated AcoAA.

Dual antiplatelet therapy in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a comparison of ticagrelor and clopidogrel / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms received stent-assisted embolization in the Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. According to the preprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy scheme, they were divided into aspirin+clopidogrel group (clopidogrel group) and aspirin+ticagrelor group (ticagrelor group). The incidence of ischemic and bleeding events was compared between the clopidogrel group and the ticagrelor group at 3 months after procedure. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors for postprocedural ischemic and bleeding events. Results:A total of 195 patients were included. Their age was 58.15±10.11 years and 75 were males (38.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of bleeding events (12.8% vs. 5.9%) and ischemic events (14.9% vs. 18.8%) at 3 months after procedure between the ticagrelor group ( n=94) and the clopidogrel group ( n=101). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (odds ratio [ OR] 6.085; 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.589-13.012; P=0.019], hypertension ( OR 4.547, 95% CI 1.589-13.012; P=0.005), aneurysm at the branch vessel ( OR 3.089, 95% CI 1.122-8.504; P=0.029), and the use of flow diverter ( OR 3.111, 95% CI 1.062-9.110; P=0.038) were the independent risk factors for postprocedural ischemic events. Triglycerides might be an independent risk factor for postprocedural bleeding events ( OR 1.435, 95% CI 0.989-2.082; P=0.057), but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions:In dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, ticagrelor and clopidogrel have the same safety and efficacy.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of TACE and DEB-TACE in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting bead transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The data of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatic artery chemoembolization at General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from July 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 282 patients who were enrolled, there were 233 males and 49 females, aged (55.9±10.0) years. The groups were divided into the conventional TACE group ( n=179) and the DEB-TACE group ( n=103) based on the treatments. The efficacy of the two groups was compared according to the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Postoperative adverse effects and liver function between the two groups were compared. Results:The differences in comparing the preoperative and postoperative liver function indexes between the two groups were not statistically significant. Patients who died and were lost to follow-up at 6 months after surgery were excluded and 240 patients were excluded in the efficacy analysis, with 148 patients in the conventional TACE group and 92 patients in the DEB-TACE group. At 6 months after treatment in the conventional TACE group, there were 64 patients (43.2%) with complete remission, 18 patients (12.2%) with partial remission, 27 patients (18.2%) with stable disease, and 39 patients (26.4%) with disease progression. In the DEB-TACE group, the corresponding figures were 38 patients (41.3%), 17 patients (18.5%), 26 patients (28.3%), and 11 patients (12.0%), respectively. The efficacy of DEB-TACE was better than conventional TACE with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (χ 2=8.96, P=0.030). The incidence of postoperative embolic syndrome was 53.1% (95/179) in the conventional TACE group, which was significantly higher than the 34.0% (35/103) in the DEB-TACE group (χ 2=7.34, P=0.007). Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were superior to those of the conventional TACE group.

Safety and effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a single-center observational study / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Methods:This was a retrospective, single-center observational study of 77 patients who underwent endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using the Neuroform Atlas device at the Department of Neurology, People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from July 2020 to May 2022. There were 34 males and 43 females, with a median (range) age of 59 (23-81) years. The degree and effect of aneurysm embolization were evaluated by modified Raymond grading post procedure and after 6 months. Complications occurring during the perioperative period were recorded. Vaso computed tomography was performed immediately after the operation to assess stent opening and adherence. Digital subtraction angiography was performed 6 months after discharge and the aneurysm was classified as cured, stable, or recurrent.Results:A total of 87 Atlases were successfully released in 77 cases. Angiography performed immediately after the embolization revealed 19 (24.7%) modified Raymond grade Ⅰ, 10 (13.0%) grade Ⅱ, and 48 (62.3%) grade Ⅲa cases. Three perioperative complications were observed including thrombotic events in 2 cases and stent migration in 1 case. A follow-up angiogram was available for 47 aneurysms, and showed that modified Raymond grade Ⅰ occlusion was achieved in 38 (80.9%) cases, grade Ⅱ in 2 (4.3%) cases, and grade Ⅲa in 7 (14.9%) cases. At the 6-month follow-up, 38 patients were cured and 7 were stable, whereas 2 patients experienced a recurrence of aneurysm. Stenosis of the parent artery occurred in 3 (6.4%) cases, including 2 at the head and 1 inside the stent.Conclusions:The results of this preliminary study suggest that Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling has a high occlusion rate and low incidence of complications in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms. However, the effectiveness of this procedure for large aneurysms and long-term outcomes require further investigation.

Treatment of basilar artery trunk aneurysms / 国际脑血管病杂志

Basilar artery trunk aneurysms (BTAs) are relatively rare, with poor natural prognosis, high disability and mortality rates. The treatment options for BTAs includes conservative treatment, craniotomy, and endovascular treatment. Due to the deep anatomical structure, rich perforating vessels, and complex pathological structure of the basilar artery, craniotomy is more difficult. There is currently no consensus on the treatment of BTAs. This article reviews the current treatment status of BTAs, aiming to provide reference for clinical work.

Efficacy and safety of Tubridge flow diverter in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Tubridge flow diverter (TFD) in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs).Methods:The clinical data of patients with UIAs treated with TFD in the Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital from July 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate functional outcomes during postoperative follow-up. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) follow-up was performed at least 3 months after procedure, and the occlusion degree of the aneurysm was assessed with the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading system.Results:A total of 52 patients (71 aneurysms) were included and 54 TFDs were successfully implanted. Forty-one patients (78.8%) were treated with TFD alone, while 11 (21.2%) were treated with TFD combined with coil embolization. One patient experienced in-stent thrombosis during the procedure, and the symptoms disappeared after medical treatment. Postoperative hemorrhage and ischemic complications occurred in each 2 cases, respectively. No patient died during the follow-up period. DSA follow-up was performed on a total of 45 aneurysms in 34 patients. The followed-up time was 8.3±3.1 months (range, 3-15 months), including 2 OKM grade A (4.4%), 11 grade B (24.4%), 1 grade C (2.2%), and 31 grade D (68.9%). At the last follow-up, 51 patients had good outcomes (mRS score 0-2), and 1 patient had poor outcome (mRS score 4).Conclusion:TFD for UIAs has a high complete occlusion rate and a low complication rate.

Internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysms / 国际脑血管病杂志

Internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm is relatively rare in clinical practice. It locates at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery, with numerous branches and perforating vessels running through it. Whether endovascular treatment or craniotomy clipping, it is necessary to ensure the patency of the branches and perforating vessels. There are very few systematic reports on internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysms. This article summarizes its definition, epidemiology, formation and rupture mechanisms, clinical features, and imaging features, with a focus on explaining its classification and treatment.

Analysis of factors associated with severe bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and evaluation of interventional embolization efficacy in male patients / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To explore the factors associated with severe bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in male patients and evaluate the efficacy of interventional embolization.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted at Nankai Hospital of Tianjin, China, from January 2018 to October 2021. The clinical data of 230 male patients with upper urinary tract stones were analyzed. The observation indicators included age, hypertension, diabetes, renal function abnormalities, history of preoperative anticoagulant use, stone size, stone type, number of puncture channels, operation time and degree of hydronephrosis. To describe the clinical characteristics of bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in men, and analyze the factors associated with severe bleeding after PCNL. Single factor analysis was performed using the Chi-square ( χ2) test, and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. Results:Univariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus ( χ2=4.90, P=0.027), abnormal renal function ( χ2=18.32, P<0.001), history of preoperative oral anticoagulants ( χ2=5.10, P=0.024), abnormal bleeding and coagulation function ( χ2=8.22, P=0.004) and the number of puncture channels ( χ2=22.08, P<0.001) were the related factors affecting bleeding after PCNL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus ( P=0.032), abnormal renal function ( P<0.001), and the number of puncture channels ( P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of bleeding after PCNL. Of the 28 patients with bleeding after PCNL, 25 were treated with interventional embolization, with a technical success rate of 100.0% and a clinical success rate of 89.3%. Conclusions:For patients with renal calculi and comorbid diabetes, renal function abnormalities, and multiple punctures, relevant preventive measures should be actively administered before PCNL to reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding. For patients with severe bleeding of the kidney after PCNL, TAE is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment method.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt combined with collateral vessel embolization in treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis： Research advances and controversies / 临床肝胆病杂志

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （TIPS） has been recommended as a treatment method for cirrhotic portal hypertension in domestic and foreign guidelines， but there is still uncertainty in its therapeutic efficacy. More and more studies have shown that TIPS combined with collateral vessel embolization （TIPS+E） has certain advantages in the treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. This article reviews the major studies on TIPS+E in China and globally， summarizes related recommendations in guidelines and the current status of clinical application， and proposes the issues that need to be solved， such as indication， hemodynamic criteria， and selection of materials for embolization， and large－sample multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed for further clarification.

Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization for treating wide-necked basilar artery tip aneurysm / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To observe the value of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization for treating wide-necked basilar artery tip aneurysm(BTA).Methods A total of 21 patients with single wide-necked BTA who underwent Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization were enrolled,including 14 cases of ruptured BTA complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Clinical and imaging data after treatment were observed,and serious adverse event(SAE)was recorded.Prognosis was evaluated with modified Rankin scale(mRS),while the status of arterial occlusion was assessed with Raymond grade.The value of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization for treating wide-necked BTA was analyzed.Results Totally 29 Neuroform Atlas stents were successfully implanted in 21 cases.Four patients with ruptured BTA complicated with SAH developed SAE during hospitalization,among them,1 patient died of ruptured BTA and bleeding again,1 died of cerebral hernia,while shunt dependent hydrocephalus and ischemic event occurred each in 1 case.The rest 19 cases were followed up for 6(6,12)months,and the last follow-up mRS score of 12 cases were 0,of 3 cases were 1,of 2 cases were 2 and of the other 2 cases were 3.Fifteen patients underwent reexamination of digital subtraction angiography during follow-up,and 11 BTA were classified as grade Ⅰ,3 as grade Ⅱ and 1 as grade Ⅲ.No stent stenosis nor occlusion was observed.Conclusion Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization was safe and effective for treating wide-necked BTA.

Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT for diagnosing and transcatheter arterial embolization for treating spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To observe the value of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT for diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma(SRH)and transcatheter arterial embolization for treating SRH.Methods Data of 7 SRH patients were retrospectively analyzed,including 4 cases diagnosed with abdominal contrast-enhanced CT,1 case diagnosed with plain CT and 2 cases diagnosed with abdominal ultrasound.Transcatheter angiography was performed to explore the offending artery of SRH which were then treated with trancatheter arterial embolization.The total angiographic time,i.e.the time span between the first and the last angiography was recorded and the treatment effect was observed.Results Among 7 patients,the offending artery of SRH was identified and embolized,and 30 days follow-up showed stable condition in 6 cases.The offending artery of SRH was not found in 1 case who then received conservative medical treatment,and the condition remained stable.The total angiographic time in 4 cases diagnosed with abdominal contrast-enhanced CT were 32-60 min,with a median time of 47.5 min,while in the rest 3 were 36-80 min,with a median time of 63.0 min.Conclusion Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT was helpful to diagnosis and displaying the offending artery of SRH.Transcatheter arterial embolization was effective for treating SRH.

Transcatheter arterial embolization with Glubran-2 glue for treating hemorrhage after percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To observe the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)with Glubran-2 glue for treating hemorrhage after percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD).Methods Data of 17 patients with hemorrhage after PTCD who underwent TAE with Glubran-2 glue were retrospectively analyzed.The technical success rate,clinical success rate and complications were observed.The red blood cell(RBC)and hemoglobin(Hb)on the day of TAE and the next day of TAE were compared,also the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)level before TAE,on the next day of TAE,on the second and the fourth day after TAE,respectively.Results The offending vessel of bleeding was successfully embolized in all 17 cases,both technical success rate of TAE and clinical success rate of hemostasis were 100%.There was no serious complication such as liver abscess,septicemia nor pulmonary embolism.No significant difference of RBC nor Hb was found between the day of TAE and the next day of TAE(both P＞0.05).GPT before TAE was lower than the next day of TAE and the second day after TAE(P＜0.05),while no significant difference of GPT was found before TAE and 4 days after TAE(P＞0.05).Conclusion TAE with Glubran-2 glue for treating hemorrhage after PTCD was safe and effective.

Therapeutic effect of endovascular embolization for perimedullary arteriovenous fistula / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of endovascular embolization for perimedullary arteriovenous fistula(PMAVF).Methods Data of 8 PMAVF patients who underwent endovascular embolization were retrospectively analyzed.Findings of digital subtraction angiography(DSA)immediately and 6 months after treatment were reviewed,and the modified Aminoff-Logue score(mALS)was compared before and 6 months after treatment.Results Among 8 cases of PMAVF,there were 2 cases of type Ⅰ,5 cases of type Ⅱand 1 case of type Ⅲ,among them 3 were treated with Onyx glue while 5 with Glubrane glue.The immediate DSA results after treatment showed complete embolization of the fistula in all 8 cases,while those 6 months after treatment showed no recurrence.One case recovered and the other 7 cases improved,and mALS(2.25±2.12)6 months after treatment was lower than that(5.50±2.39)before treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Endovascular embolization could safely and effectively treat PMAVF.

Embolização percutânea de fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares / Percutaneous embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas

Malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares são uma comunicação anormal entre uma artéria e uma veia, causando manifestações clínicas, como hipoxemia crônica e eventos embólicos. As malformações arteriovenosas eram tratadas cirurgicamente, com taxa expressiva de complicações. Na década de 1970, a primeira embolização percutânea por cateter foi realizada com molas. Descrevemos três casos nos quais técnicas de embolização percutânea foram efetivas em prevenir eventos embólicos, hemorrágicos e hipoxêmicos no seguimento dos pacientes.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein, causing clinical manifestations, such as chronic hypoxemia and embolic events. Arteriovenous malformations were treated surgically, with a significant rate of complications. In the 1970 ́s, the first percutaneous catheter embolization was performed with coils. We describe three cases in which percutaneous embolization techniques were effective to prevent embolic, hemorrhagic, and hypoxemic events in the follow-up of patients.

The essential role of thoracic duct embolization in management of traumatic iatrogenic chylothorax / O papel fundamental da embolização do ducto torácico no manejo de quilotórax traumático iatrogênico

Abstract This study aims to describe a case series of patients who underwent thoracic duct embolization (TDE) to treat traumatic iatrogenic chylothorax (TIC). Three patients were included: Case #1, a 49-year-old woman with follicular lymphoma developed a TIC following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to resect a solid right paravertebral mass and was treated with TDE using microcoils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue. Case #2, a 68-year-old man with cardiac amyloidosis developed a TIC following heart transplantation and was treated with TDE using microcoils and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Case#3: A 6-year-old patient with congenital heart disease developed a TIC following a Fontan procedure and was treated with TDE using NBCA glue. All lesions were identified during lymphangiography and TDE was successfully performed in all cases. TDE is a safe and valuable technique that provides minimally invasive treatment for TCI.

Resumo Este estudo objetiva descrever uma série de casos de pacientes submetidos a embolização do ducto torácico (EDT) para tratamento de quilotórax iatrogênico (QI). Três pacientes foram incluídos. Caso 1: um homem de 49 anos com linfoma folicular apresentou QI após ressecção de uma massa paravertebral por toracoscopia vídeo-assistida e foi submetido a EDT com micromolas e n-butil-cianoacrilato (NBCA). Caso 2: um homem de 68 anos com amiloidose cardíaca apresentou QI após ser submetido a transplante cardíaco e foi submetido a EDT com micromolas e copolímero de etileno e álcool vinílico. Caso 3: um paciente de 6 anos com malformação cardíaca congênita apresentou QI após cirurgia de Fontan e foi submetido a EDT com NBCA. Todas as lesões foram identificadas durante a linfangiografia, e a EDT foi realizada com sucesso. A EDT é uma técnica segura e valiosa, que pode oferecer um tratamento minimamente invasivo em casos de QI.

Aneurisma tipo blister roto con manejo satifactorio con la técnica de remodelado - Reporte de un caso

Introducción : Los aneurismas tipo blíster son aneurismas pequeños, complejos, menores de 3mm, con alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como de resangrado y recurrencia. Son difíciles de tratar y se han propuesto técnicas microquirúrgicas y endovasculares, siendo estas últimas las de menor tasa de complicaciones. Caso Clínico : Mujer de 74 años, ingresa con 6 horas de evolución de trastorno de sensorio brusco. La tomografía muestra hemorragia subaracnoidea difusa a predominio izquierdo. Se le realiza una angiografía cerebral que evidencia un aneurisma blíster de la trifurcación de la arteria cerebral media izquierda. Se emboliza con técnica de remodeling y coils, logrando obliterar la totalidad del aneurisma. Conclusión : Los aneurismas tipo blíster son aneurismas complejos y raros, siendo la terapia endovascular una alternativa segura y eficaz con menor tasa de complicaciones.

Introduction : Blister-like aneurysms are small, complex, smaller than 3mm, with high rate of morbidity and mortality, as well as rebleeding and recurrence. They are difficult to treat and microsurgical and endovascular techniques are current treatment modalities. Endovascular technique has the lowest rate of complications. Clinical case : 74-year-old woman, admitted with 6 hours of sudden sensory disorder. The CT scan shows diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage predominantly on the left side. A cerebral angiography showed a blister-like aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery trifurcation. The patient was treated with coiling and remodeling technique, achieving a complete occlusion. Conclusion : Blister-like aneurysms are complex and rare, whereas endovascular therapy is a safe and effective alternative with low complication rate.