The Embryo Toxicity Research of Manufacturing Water of Medical Device of in Vitro Fertilization Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

Water is an important component in liquid medical device products for human assisted reproductive technology. Water traits, conductivity, microbial limits, total organic carbon, easy oxides, heavy metal content, bacterial endotoxin and other indicators have an important impact on sperm, egg and embryo development in vitro, so for such products, the quality of water control is extremely important. The production water for producing such products is generally prepared by MilliQ purification system. In this research, we used four different types of water to fabricate the IVF liquids. It included deionized reverse osmosis water, ultra purified water and ultra purified water without endotoxin or nucleic acid, and compared with tap water. The in vitro rat embryo test system was used to study the embryotoxicity of this four different culture liquid production waters. From the result, the group of the super purified water without endotoxin and nucleic acid has the best result of the embryo formation rate, the number of total cell number and the inner cell number. This study proved the importance of removing endotoxin and nucleic acid from the water used for the preparation of the liquid products for assisted reproduction, and provided the basis for the selection of water quality for the liquid products for assisted reproduction.

Catha edulis forsk mediates embryotoxic effects in rats: an experimental study / Catha edulis forsk modera los efectos embriotóxicos en ratas: un estudio experimental

Catha edulis Forsk leaves (Khat) is a flowering plant. A high proportion of the adult population in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa chews it for its mild stimulant effect. The aim of the current study was to investigate the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of the Khat extract using 60 female pregnant rats. These were divided to a Khat extract-treated group and a control group. Methanolic extract of Khat was orally given to the treated group 4 days before mating and up to day 16 of pregnancy with a dose of 100 mg/kg. Our results showed that significant number of embryos of the Khat-treated mothers were malformed and different in size and shape compared to embryos from the mothers of the control group. At day 8 of pregnancy, malformed embryos had ill developed primitive layers. By day 10 of pregnancy, neural tube and the somite were not formed compared to the control embryos. At later stages of pregnancy, embryos of the Khat-treated mothers appeared severely abnormal with opened neural groove and visceral pouches. Disrupted normal neural tube development, undifferentiated brain vesicles, incomplete closure of the brain flexures were also observed in these embryos. Highly significant increase in the number of the resorbed embryos of the Khat-treated mothers were observed (P < 0.01). The resorbed embryos appeared as a cellular collection in their placenta with some of their decidua had no visible embryonic tissues. In conclusions, Khat induced embryotoxic effects as well as severely affected the early normal embryonic development in rat.

Catha edulis (Khat) es una planta floreciente. Una alta proporción de la población adulta en la Península Arábiga y el Cuerno de África la mastica por su efecto estimulante. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos embriotóxicos y teratogénicos del extracto de Khat utilizando 60 ratas hembras preñadas. Estas se dividieron en un grupo tratado con extracto de Khat y un grupo control. El extracto metanólico de Khat se administró por vía oral al grupo tratado 4 días antes del apareamiento y hasta el día 16 de preñez con una dosis de 100 mg / kg. Los resultados mostraron que una cantidad significativa de embriones de las madres tratadas con Khat tenían malformaciones y eran diferentes en tamaño y forma en comparación con los embriones de las madres del grupo control. En el día 8 de preñez, los embriones malformados tenían capas primitivas mal desarrolladas. Para el día 10 de preñez, el tubo neural y el somito no se formaron en comparación con los embriones del grupo control. En etapas posteriores de la preñez, los embriones de las madres tratadas con Khat parecían severamente anormales con surcos neurales abiertos y bolsas viscerales. También se observaron alteraciones en el desarrollo normal del tubo neural, vesículas cerebrales indiferenciadas y el cierre incompleto de las flexiones cerebrales en estos embriones. Se observó un aumento altamente significativo en el número de embriones reabsorbidos de las madres tratadas con Khat (P <0,01). Los embriones reabsorbidos aparecieron como una colección celular en su placenta con algunas de sus deciduas sin tejidos embrionarios visibles. Khat indujo efectos embriotóxicos y afectó severamente el desarrollo embrionario normal temprano en la rata.

Prenatal and developmental toxicity study of meclizine and caffeine combination in female albino wistar rats.

Meclizine and caffeine combination is used for the treatment of morning sickness. Both compounds are teratogenic and caffeine is known to possess anti-fertility activity also. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive toxic effect of meclizine and caffeine combination. Three doses were taken for the study; low dose (LD; meclizine 3.7 mg/kg and caffeine 3 mg/kg) was selected from commercially available formulation, middle dose (MD; meclizine 37 mg/kg and caffeine 30 mg/kg) and high dose (HD; meclizine 370 mg/kg and caffeine 300 mg/kg). The mixture was administered 1-7 days and 8-14 days for fertility and embryotoxic studies respectively. Laparotomy was done on 10th day of gestation period. Number of implants and corpora lutea were counted, pre and post-implantation losses were determined. In embryo toxicity study fetuses were evaluated for external, skeletal and visceral examination. High dose was removed from both fertility and embryotoxicity studies due to its severe toxicity to the dam. Significant anti-fertility activity was observed at middle dose. Embryotoxicity study showed significant reduction in fetal body weight, body length and body mass index, dam body weight gain on gestation day 14. Absolute kidney weight in MD and absolute and relative spleen weight in both LD and MD were significantly reduced. There was no increase in external or internal congenital anomalies at both LD and MD. The, results suggest that prescription of meclizine and caffeine for morning sickness in early pregnancy should be reviewed carefully.

Embryo Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Microula Seed Oil on Rat / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate toxicity and teratogenic effect of Microula seed oil on embryo of rat.Methods 150 mature Wistar rats (100 females, 50 males) were selected with female∶ male = 2∶1 cage match. During the daily morning examination the sperm was discovered in the vagina as the zero day for conception.100 pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=20 in each group): treatment group (included 3 groups: to give Microula seed oil 2.5 g /kg, 5.0 g /kg, 10.0 g /kg body weight, ig, respectively), cyclophosphamide group(7 mg/ kg body weight, sc) and the edible oil group (to give dose, such as volume as Microula seed oil, ig). From the 7th day of pregnancy, the treatment group, the edible oil group were given intervention once a day for 10 days. From the 11th day of pregnancy cyclophosphamide group was given cyclophosphamide as intervention once a day, for 3 days. On the 20th day the pregnant rats were killed.Results The body weight of pregnant rats and the rate of live births were significantly higher in the Microula seed oil dose group than in the cyclophosphamide group (P<0.01), stillbirth rate and birth rate of absorption was significantly lower in the Microula seed oil dose group than in the cyclophosphamide group (P<0.01), and no significant difference from the edible oil group (P> 0.05); the fetal rat, body weight, body length, tail length in all groups of Microula seed oil was no significant difference from the edible oil group (P> 0.05). There was no malformation in appearance, viscera, bones in the treatment group and the edible oil group while there were 112 fetal rats with deformity in 140 in the cyclophosphamide group.Conclusion Microula seed oil at doses of 2.5 g /kg, 5.0 g /kg, 10.0 g /kg body weight had no significant role in the toxicity and teratogenicity on embryos of pregnant rats.