RESUMO
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general identificar la asociación entre las alteraciones olfativas y el reconocimiento emocional en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoencefálico. Fue desarrollada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, en donde fueron evaluados 10 pacientes con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico moderado y severo junto a 10 participantes controles sin daño cerebral. Para las variables sexo, edad y escolaridad los resultados fueron muy similares entre los grupos, con edades promedio de 26 años; la población fue predominantemente masculina, y la mayoría tenía grado de educación superior. En las pruebas de reconocimiento emocional, el grupo control logró un desempeño superior al grupo de casos. Adicionalmente, el grupo control logró mejor capacidad en las pruebas olfativas que el grupo de casos. Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los resultados del reconocimiento emocional y la variable olfativa en el grupo de casos, lo que permite identificar el rol que estructuras del sistema cerebral topográfica y funcionalmente pueden estar participando del procesamiento; a su vez, abre perspectivas de estudios a futuro, en especial a modelos de intervención en los grupos clínicos con afectación por el traumatismo craneoencefálico.
The general objective of this study was to "identify the association between emotional recognition and olfactory alterations in a group of patients with SCD". It was developed under a quantitative approach with nonexperimental design, in which 10 patients with a history of moderate and severe cranioencephalic trauma were evaluated along with 10 control participants without brain damage. For the variables sex, age and schooling the results were very similar among the groups, with average ages of 26 years, the population was predominantly male and most had higher education. In the tests of emotional recognition the control group achieved a superior performance to the group of cases. In addition, the control group achieved better capacity in olfactory tests than the group of cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between the emotional recognition results and the olfactory variable in the group of cases, which allows the identification of the role that topographic and functional brain system structures may be involved in processing; In turn, it opens prospects for future studies especially to intervention models in clinical groups affected by head trauma.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior among male violent prisoners.Methods:A sample of 268 male violent prisoners completed self-report measures of the trait anger scale (TAS), Toronto alexithymia scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Chinese college students' version of Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. SPSS 23.0 software and Mplus 8.0 software were used to test the mediating effect.Results:The total scores of trait anger, aggressive behavior and alexithymia were (17.75±4.93), (52.15±10.61)and (70.90±19.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that trait anger was both significantly positively correlated with aggressive behavior ( r=0.67, P<0.01) and alexithymia ( r=0.40, P<0.01), and there was also a significantly positive correlation between alexithymia and aggressive behavior ( r=0.55, P<0.01). Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis showed that trait anger directly predicted aggressive behavior ( β=0.67, P<0.01) after controlling the influence of alcohol addiction. Emotional recognition disorder played a partially mediating role in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior ( β=0.18, 95% CI=0.11-0.27). Conclusion:Trait anger not only directly affects male violent prisoners aggressive behavior, but also indirectly affects male violent prisoners aggressive behavior through emotional recognition disorder.
RESUMO
Resumen Los rasgos fenotípicos afectan la respuesta hacia los rostros emocionales. En Colombia, no se ha construido y validado un banco de imágenes de rostros emocionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue construir y validar un banco de fotografías de rostros emocionales colombianos (alegría, ira, tristeza, miedo, asco, sorpresa y expresión neutral/descanso), a través de una metodología similar a la utilizada en el diseño de otros bancos de expresiones emocionales. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 80 participantes (43 mujeres), a los cuales se les presentó cada una de las 70 expresiones emocionales del Repositorio de Expresiones Faciales Emocionales Colombianas (REFEC). A partir de estudios previos en este campo se tomaron como índices de validez el porcentaje de acierto y el coeficiente de kappa de Fleiss (grado de concordancia entre evaluadores). Además, se midió el tiempo de reacción como índice de demanda cognitiva para el reconocimiento de la expresión emocional. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje de acierto superior al de otros bancos de estímulos de expresiones emocionales y un índice de concordancia bueno/excelente (similar al de otros instrumentos). En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que el REFEC es un banco de imágenes de expresiones faciales emocionales válido para su uso en población colombiana.
Abstract Phenotypic traits affect the response to emotional faces. In Colombia, an image bank of emotional faces has not been built and validated. The objective of this study was to build and validate a bank of photographs of Colombian emotional faces (joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise and neutral expression/rest), through a methodology similar to that used in the design of other banks of emotional expressions. The study was carried out with 80 participants (43 women), to whom each of the 70 emotional expressions of the Repository of Colombian Emotional Facial Expressions (REFEC) was presented. From previous studies in this field, the percentage of correctness and the Fleiss kappa coefficient (degree of agreement between evaluators) were taken as validity indices. Additionally, reaction time was measured as an index of cognitive demand for the recognition of emotional expression. The results show a percentage of correctness higher than that of other stimulus banks of emotional expressions and a good / excellent concordance index (similar to that of other instruments). Together, the results suggest that REFEC is a valid image bank of emotional facial expressions for use in the Colombian population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Expressão Facial , Colômbia , Reconhecimento FacialRESUMO
Resumen A través de esta investigación se buscó ver si existe relación entre alexitimia y el reconocimiento de estados mentales afectivos en la mirada; e indagar al mismo tiempo, en la posible influencia que la condición de cáncer pudiera tener. De este modo, se pretendió establecer diferencias en estas variables, en un grupo con y sin alexitimia de pacientes con cáncer (n = 98) y un grupo de contraste (n = 79) sin condición clínica. Para este estudio se trabajó con pacientes del área de oncología de dos hospitales en Chile, puesto que de manera consistente se ha vinculado a la alexitimia e inhibición como un rasgo de personalidad asociado a personas que padecen cáncer. Los resultados indicaron que el reconocido déficit en auto-conciencia emocional en alexitímicos se manifestaría, a su vez, en una capacidad disminuida en dar cuenta del trasfondo mental de los demás, y este resultado sería independiente de la condición de padecer o no cáncer.
Abstract This research study sought to determine the existence of a relationship between alexithymia and the recognition of emotion in people's eyes. Similarly, to investigate the possible influence that the cancer condition has in this emotional recognition deficits. Thus, we sought to identify differences in these variables in a group with and without alexithymia of patients with cancer and a contrast group without clinical condition. For this study, we worked with oncology patients in two hospitals in Chile, as it consistently has been linked to inhibition and alexithymia as a personality trait associated with people with cancer. The results indicated that the recognized deficit in self-consciousness emotional in alexithymics would manifest, in turn, in a diminished capacity in accounting for the mental background of others, and this result would be independent of the condition of suffering or not cancer.
RESUMO
In recent years, with the rapid development of machine learning techniques,the deep learning algorithm has been widely used in one-dimensional physiological signal processing. In this paper we used electroencephalography (EEG) signals based on deep belief network (DBN) model in open source frameworks of deep learning to identify emotional state (positive, negative and neutrals), then the results of DBN were compared with support vector machine (SVM). The EEG signals were collected from the subjects who were under different emotional stimuli, and DBN and SVM were adopted to identify the EEG signals with changes of different characteristics and different frequency bands. We found that the average accuracy of differential entropy (DE) feature by DBN is 89.12%±6.54%, which has a better performance than previous research based on the same data set. At the same time, the classification effects of DBN are better than the results from traditional SVM (the average classification accuracy of 84.2%±9.24%) and its accuracy and stability have a better trend. In three experiments with different time points, single subject can achieve the consistent results of classification by using DBN (the mean standard deviation is1.44%), and the experimental results show that the system has steady performance and good repeatability. According to our research, the characteristic of DE has a better classification result than other characteristics. Furthermore, the Beta band and the Gamma band in the emotional recognition model have higher classification accuracy. To sum up, the performances of classifiers have a promotion by using the deep learning algorithm, which has a reference for establishing a more accurate system of emotional recognition. Meanwhile, we can trace through the results of recognition to find out the brain regions and frequency band that are related to the emotions, which can help us to understand the emotional mechanism better. This study has a high academic value and practical significance, so further investigation still needs to be done.
RESUMO
Resumen Las alteraciones de la conducta social por traumatismo craneoencefálico son el resultado de la disfunción de procesos psíquicos involucrados en las relaciones sociales e interpersonales. El concepto de cognición social se ha desarrollado en el estudio de la esquizofrenia, el autismo y la discapacidad intelectual. Los límites del concepto y su estructura interna distan de estar asentados, pero conceptos como teoría de la mente, empatía y procesamiento emocional están presentes en todos los modelos publicados. Las intervenciones propuestas para mejorar la conducta social se centran en la mejora de procesos cognitivos como la memoria de trabajo, el reconocimiento y el procesamiento de las emociones, la capacidad empática o el entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. La evidencia sobre la eficacia de las estrategias que se centran en la cognición social es todavía escasa.
Abstract Social behaviour disorders in traumatic brain injury are caused by the dysfunction of cognitive processes involved in social and interpersonal interaction. The concept of social cognition was introduced by authors studying schizophrenia, autism or mental retardation. The boundaries and the content of the concept have not yet been definitively defined, but theory of mind, empathy and emotional processing are included in all the models proposed.The strategies proposed to improve social behaviour focus on the restoration of cognitive processes such as working memory, emotional recognition and processing, and empathy, as well as social skills. To date, there is very little evidence on the efficacy of the aforementioned social cognition strategies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Social , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Comportamento , Cognição , Empatia , Habilidades Sociais , Memória de Curto Prazo , Deficiência IntelectualRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: OThis study aimed to explore the difference in emotional recognition of musical auditory stimulation and art-related visual stimulation between subjects with and without schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty songs and 20 paintings that evoke sad or cheerful emotions were presented to 123 patients with schizophrenia and 224 non-schizophrenic people (control group). All subjects were asked to describe the emotions they felt during each auditory stimulation and each visual stimulation. To measure the emotional responses, the Emotional Empathy Scale was used. For members of the patient group, the levels of psychopathology and thought-related disorder were evaluated by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale, respectively. RESULTS: The rate of correct answers to musical auditory stimulation in the schizophrenia patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In addition, the rate of correct answers to the art visual stimulation in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the patient group showed lower emotional empathic ability than that shown by the control group. In the patient group, the correct answer rates to the musical and art stimulations were negatively correlated with the Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale. CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia have difficulty in achieving accurate emotional recognition of auditory and visual stimulations. This difficulty is associated with the lowered empathic ability and altered thinking disorder of patients with schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estimulação Acústica , Empatia , Música , Pintura , Pinturas , Estimulação Luminosa , Psicopatologia , Esquizofrenia , PensamentoRESUMO
Background & objectives: Despite the central role of cognition for mental disorders most studies have been conducted in western countries. Similar research from other parts of the world, particularly India, is very limited. As a first step in closing this gap this cross-cultural comparability study of the South Texas Assessment of Neurocognition (STAN) battery was conducted between USA and India. Methods: One hundred healthy adults from Kerala, India, were administered six language independent subtests of the Java Neuropsychological Test (JANET) version of the STAN, assessing aspects of general intellectual ability (Matrix Reasoning), attention (Identical Pairs Continuous Performance, 3 Symbol Version Test; IPCPTS), working memory (Spatial Capacity Delayed Response Test; SCAP), response inhibition (Stop Signal Reaction Time; SSRT), Emotional Recognition and Risk taking (Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BART). Test results were compared to a demographically matched US sample. Results: Overall test performance in the Kerala sample was comparable to that of the US sample and commensurate to that generally described in studies from western countries. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results support the metric equivalence of currently available cognitive test batteries developed in western countries for use in India. However, the sample was restricted to individuals who were literate and had completed basic primary and secondary education.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the association between basic neurocognitive functions and emotional recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, to Investigate cognitive variable related to emotion recognition in Schizophrenia. METHODS: Forty eight patients from the Yongin Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center were evaluated for neurocognitive function, and Emotional Recognition Test which has four subscales finding emotional clue, discriminating emotions, understanding emotional context and emotional capacity. Measures of neurocognitive functioning were selected based on hypothesized relationships to perception of emotion. These measures included:1) Letter Number Sequencing Test, a measure of working memory;2) Word Fluency and Block Design, a measure of executive function;3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Korean version, a measure of verbal memory;4) Digit Span, a measure of immediate memory;5) Span of Apprehension Task, a measure of early visual processing, visual scanning;6) Continuous Performance Test, a measure of sustained attention functioning. Correlation analyses between specific neurocognitive measures and emotional recognition test were made. To examine the degree to which neurocognitive performance predicting emotional recognition, hierarchical regression analyses were also made. RESULTS: Working memory, and verbal memory were closely related with emotional discrimination. Working memory, Span of Apprehension and Digit Span were closely related with contextual recognition. Among cognitive measures, Span of Apprehension, Working memory, Digit Span were most important variables in predicting emotional capacity. CONCLUSION: These results are relevant considering that emotional information processing depends, in part, on the abilities to scan the context and to use immediate working memory. These results indicated that multifaceted cognitive training program added with Emotional Recognition Task(Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation Therapy added with Emotional Management Program) are promising.