Target Trial Emulation and Feasibility in Traditional Chinese Medicine Researches / 中医杂志

Target trial emulation， using observational data to emulate a target trial， applies the study design principles of randomized controlled trials to observational studies that aim to estimate the effect of an intervention. The advantage of target trial emulation is that observational data is used to emulate a target trial when it is not appropriate to conduct randomized controlled trials. Target trial emulation can control bias caused by the design of observational studies， and improve the effectiveness of causal inference from observational data. This paper introduced the methodological framework and key points in terms of eligibility criteria， treatment strategies， assignment procedures， grace period， outcomes， follow-up period， effect contrasts， and statistical plan for implementing target trial emulation. This article elucidated the feasibility and necessity of applying target trail emulation in the realm of traditional Chinese medicine researches， and highlighted the challenges encountered in its implementation， such as the need for specialized personnel， data collection and integration， and the control of confounding factors.

Diseño de Exoesqueleto con base en Cuatro Casos de Estudio de Rehabilitación de Miembro Superior / Design of an Exoskeleton based on Four Cases of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Study

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta un enfoque para rehabilitación pasiva de miembro superior mediante la formulación de cuatro casos de estudio haciendo un análisis de las patologías y los ejercicios que se aplican. Para llevar a cabo la experimentación en los casos propuestos se registraron los datos de las trayectorias de las articulaciones del brazo de un paciente realizando los ejercicios de rehabilitación con un terapeuta. Se diseñó el exoesqueleto ERMIS de siete grados de libertad para emular los movimientos anatómicos en el brazo durante la rehabilitación a partir de los requerimientos de los casos de estudio. Para validar el funcionamiento del exoesqueleto en los casos se simuló el modelo dinámico del ERMIS y se compararon los datos con los datos muestreados de los ejercicios. Al final se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los ejercicios realizados con el exoesqueleto, obteniendo en la precisión un desempeño promedio del 95% en los movimientos de hombro, codo y muñeca al emular la terapia con timón.

Abstract: This paper presents an approach for passive upper limb rehabilitation based on four case studies by analyzing the pathologies and exercises that are applied. To carry out the experimentation in the proposed cases, the data from the trajectories of the patient's arm articulations were registered, performing the rehabilitation exercises with a therapist. The ERMIS exoskeleton´s seven degrees of freedom was designed to emulate the anatomical movements in the arm during rehabilitation from the requirements of the case studies. To validate the exoskeleton performance in the study cases, the ERMIS's dynamic model was simulated and the data were compared with the sampled data of the exercises. At the end, the results obtained from exoskeleton exercises emulating rudder therapy, where shoulder, elbow and wrist movements were showed with an accuracy of 95%.

PARNEM-A PARALLEL DISCRETE EVENT NETWORK EMULATION SYSTEM / 药物分析学报

Objective Network emulation system constructs a virtual network environment which has the characteristics of controllable and repeatable network conditions. This makes it possible to predict the availability and performance of new protocols and algorithms before deploying to Internet. Methods PARNEM, a parallel discrete event network emulation system described in this paper has the following characteristics: ① BREEN - a BSP based real-time event scheduling engine; ② application transparent flexible interactive mechanism; ③ legacy network model reuse. Conclusion PARNEM allows detailed and accurate study of application behavior. Comprehensive case studies covering bottleneck bandwidth measurement and distributed cooperative web caching system demonstrate that network emulation technology opens a wide range of new opportunities for examining the behavior of applications.

Exploratory Development of 3DSS Three-dimensional Scanning System on Unilateral Orbital Defect Restoration / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the accuracy of 3DSS three-dimensional scanning system, which was used to reconstruct the 3D digital model of unilateral orbital defect patients. Methods By using 3DSS spectrometer on the case of patients with unilateral orbital defect, the related scan dates of facial structure were collected, and the reconstructed digital models were processed wax pattern by SLS prototyping machine. Results The digital solid model of three-dimensional reconstruction was smooth and complete, and border over the natural. The designed resin prosthesis can be inosculated with the orbital defect tightly and symmetrically. Conclusion To adopt the system can be successfully completed unilateral orbital defect restoration design and production, and ultimately satisfied the clinical requirement of prosthesis production.