EL PLAN DE VIDA DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS DE COLOMBIA, UNA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ETNOECODESARROLLO / COLOMBIAN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' LIFE PLAN, A STRUCTURE OF ETHNO-ECO DEVELOPMENT

La realidad sobre los derechos formales de los indígenas sobre los territorios colectivos, dista mucho de estar ajustada a la que plantea la Constitución Política de Colombia respecto a la calidad de vida y en el cumplimiento de su derecho de autonomía. Permanecen todavía graves problemas que atentan contra sus territorios, la tranquilidad, la paz y su pervivencia. El casi nulo cubrimiento de necesidades básicas como salud, educación, alimento y vivienda por la no inclusión en los planes de desarrollo municipales de estas comunidades, bajo el argumento de que sus territorios reciben sus propios recursos económicos, amenaza la sobrevivencia de estos grupos y convierte sus territorios en zonas de guerra, de conflicto y de intereses particulares. Esto se refleja en la realidad nacional y no existe ni social ni políticamente la conciencia de que esto constituye un hecho de discriminación racial. Se plantean entonces alternativas metodológicas de cómo construir planes de vida más ajustados a su realidad con muchas alternativas para la cohesión de estas comunidades indígenas con los planes de desarrollo de los municipios que contienen dichos territorios colectivos; que se construyen luego de un análisis profundo desde una perspectiva diferente a modelos económicos desde sus propios momentos de vida, con un proceso de construcción más ajustado a sus culturas, realidades tanto ambientales como sociales en sus territorios. El resultado es una serie de estrategias que sería hasta ahora un abordaje más ajustado a dichas realidades, desde los planteamientos de la agroecología hacia la aproximación de lo que sería el etnoecodesarrollo.

The reality on the formal rights of indigenous people on collective territories is far from being adjusted to what is set out by the Constitution of Colombia regarding quality of life and fulfillment of their right to autonomy. Serious problems that threaten their territories, tranquility, peace and survival still remain. The almost non-existent coverage of basic needs like health, education, food and shelter due to the lack ot inclusion in the municipal development plans of these communities, with the excuse that their territories are given their own economic resources, threaten the survival of these groups and turn their territories into war, conflict and individual interests zones. This is reflected in the national reality and neither social nor political awareness exist that this is an act of racial discrimination. Methodological alternatives on how to build life plans tighter to their reality with many alternatives to the cohesion of these indigenous communities in the formulation of municipalities development plans containing such collective territories then arise, which are constructed after a deep analysis from a perspective different to economic models derived from their own life moments with a construction process tighter to their cultures, both environmental and social in their territories. The result is a series of strategies that would be, so far, a tighter approach to such realities, from agroecology approaches to an approximation of what would be the ethno-eco development.

Tratamiento conceptual acerca de la relación desarrollo endógeno y Universidad / Conceptual treatment of the endogenous development-society relationship

Se realizan algunas conceptualizaciones que constituyen premisas de la Universidad del siglo XXI, como es el desarrollo endógeno, como una mirada de la institución de educación superior para lograr la transformación y desarrollo local sustentable. La realidad impone, que el proceso formativo, no sea solo hacia dentro sino que los actores internos y externos confluyan en los propósitos de progreso económico y social y la Universidad se convierta en el líder que guía dicho desarrollo.

Some conceptualizations that constitute premises of the University of the XXI Century, like the endogenous development as a look of the high education institution to achieve the transformation and local sustainable development, were made. The reality imposes that the formative process is not only projected to the inside but that the internal and external actors concur in the intention of getting a social and economic progress and that the university becomes the leader that guides this development.

Antecedentes del proceso de planeación estratégica como fundamentos para el logro de un desarrollo endógeno sustentable desde la universidad / Precedents of the strategic planning process as fundamentals for the achievement of an endogenous sustainable development from the university

En el artículo se realizó una revisión de los modelos de planificación estratégica en sentido general, pero que son aplicados en los momentos actuales en el ámbito de las instituciones de educación superior. El modelo globalizador, el cual es el básico en la mayor parte de los ejercicios de planificación; el modelo sectorial, que tiene un importante arraigo en el sector educativo latinoamericano, y el modelo situacional, cuya noción básica consiste en que planificar es una acción de todos los actores. Igualmente se describen otros como el denominado complejo, el cual va cobrando interés en los estudiosos del tema; pues aunque esta línea de pensamiento posee sus ángulos de interés en el campo específico de la planificación estratégica, en el ámbito universitario aún le queda camino por recorrer para el logro de una mayor profundización en la temática, de manera que ella pueda ser aplicada al proceso formativo universitario.

In the article, a general revision of the strategic planning models that are applied to the present times in the field of high education institutions was made. The models are: the globalizing model, which is the basic in the most part of the planning exercises; the sectorial model, which is very well established in the Latin-American educational sector; and the situational model, the basic notion of which consists on the fact that planning is an action that correspond to all the actors. The model known as complex was described as well. This model has become important among the specialists in the subject because, although this line of thinking has established its angles of interest in the specific field of strategic planning, it still has a long way to run, in the university field, for getting a greatest deepening in the theme, in a way that it could be applied to the university formative process.

Collaborative control initiatives targeting zoonotic agents of alveolar echinococcosis in the northern hemisphere

Alveolar echinococcosis is one of the most important lethal zoonotic helminth infections in the northern hemisphere. Currently, the threat to public health is increasing, as evidenced by the rising prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis, as well as the invasion of urban areas by infected wild foxes. This threat is further increased due to the involvement of pet dogs, and probably cats, as emerging sources of infection. These increased threats to public health also have associated economic risks; therefore, there is a need for effective and sustainable methods of control. In this paper, initiatives to control alveolar echinococcosis by targeting its definitive hosts through anthelmintic baiting campaigns initiated by local residents who used local resources for bait production, distribution and collection of fecal samples for diagnosis are described. Further, when such distribution programs are coupled with the use of GIS-based maps, the optimum distribution of bait was obtained. These programs have also included the use of intravital diagnostic analyses of infection rates, which have been overseen by the Forum on Environment and Animals (FEA), and also allowed a nationwide monitoring of echinococcosis in difinitive hosts. In addition, a government initiative requiring mandatory reporting of echinococcosis in dogs to health authorities was recently initiated in Japan. Overall, the results of this study have shown that use of collaborative control initiatives targeting zoonotic agents of alveolar echinococcosis can be an effective method for reducing the threat of lethal echinococcosis in the northern hemisphere.