Rol de la cirugía endoscópica en el tratamiento de quistes odontogénicos del hueso maxilar: revisión de la literatura / Role of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of maxillary odontogenic cysts

Los quistes odontogénicos son lesiones óseas, de carácter benigno, la mayoría asintomáticas, que habitualmente corresponden a un hallazgo radiológico. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y está condicionado por factores como localización, tamaño y la afectación de estructuras vecinas. El objetivo es elegir la modalidad de tratamiento que conlleve el menor riesgo de recurrencia, la mínima morbilidad, y al mismo tiempo la erradicación de la lesión. Siguiendo esta premisa han sido abordados, tradicionalmente, con técnicas abiertas con buenos resultados, pero con el advenimiento y desarrollo de la cirugía endoscópica, se empezó a usar esta técnica en forma exclusiva o en forma mixta para la resección de los quistes odontogénicos, logrando similares tasas de éxito, pero con menores complicaciones y morbilidad posoperatoria. Además, presenta una ventaja respecto del seguimiento para las recurrencias, ya que se pueden controlar endoscópicamente en la consulta ambulatoria. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el desarrollo del rol de las cirugías endoscópicas para el tratamiento de lesiones odontogénicas maxilares.

Odontogenic cysts are benign bone lesions, most of them asymptomatic, which usually constitute a radiological finding. The treatment is surgical and is conditioned by factors such as location, size and involvement of nearby structures. The objective is to choose the treatment mode that presents the lowest risk of recurrence, the minimum morbidity, and at the same time, the eradication of the lesion. Following this premise, the treatment of these lesions has traditionally been approached with open techniques with good results but, with the advent and development of endoscopic surgery, this technique began to be used exclusively or in a mixed form for the resection of odontogenic cysts, achieving similar rates of surgical success, but with fewer complications and postoperative morbidity. It also has an advantage regarding follow-up for recurrences, since patients can be controlled endoscopically in the outpatient clinic. The objective of this review is to describe the development and role of endoscopic surgery for the treatment of maxillary odontogenic lesions.

Estesioneuroblastoma: reporte de caso y revisión bibliográfica / Esthesioneuroblastoma: case report and review

Resumen El estesioneuroblastoma (ENB), también conocido como neuroblastoma olfatorio, es una neoplasia maligna rara de la bóveda nasal que se cree que surge de las células receptoras neurosensoriales en el epitelio olfatorio. El ENB representa el 3% de todos los tumores nasales. Los tratamientos para ENB incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y/o quimioterapia, aunque a veces, es difícil lograr un tratamiento radical utilizando estas estrategias, ya que la mayoría de los pacientes se diagnostican en una etapa avanzada. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 46 años a quien se le diagnosticó ENB en el año 2016. Fue tratado inicialmente con resección endoscópica nasal, seguido de una craneotomía bifrontal. Posteriormente, recibió radioterapia adyuvante. Actualmente, su seguimiento a 3 años no muestra evidencia de metástasis locales, regionales o distantes, ni recurrencia.

Abstract Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare malignant neoplasm of the nasal vault that is believed to arise from neurosensory receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium. ENB accounts for 3% of all nasal tumors. The treatments for ENB include surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, though sometimes, it is difficult to achieve radical treatment using these strategies as most patients are diagnosed at a late stage. We present a case of a 46-year old male who had been diagnosed with ENB in 2016. He was initially treated with nasal endoscopic resection, followed by a bifrontal craniotomy. Afterwards, he received adjuvant radiotherapy. Currently, his 3-year follow up show no evidence of local, regional o distant metastasis, nor recurrence.

Surgical treatment of choanal atresia with transnasal endoscopic approach with stentless single side-hinged flap technique: 5 year retrospective analysis / Tratamento cirúrgico de atresia de coana com abordagem endoscópica transnasalcom técnica de retalho único e articulação lateral sem colocação de stent: análise retrospectiva de 5 anos

Abstract Introduction: Choanal atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the nasal cavity characterized by the complete obliteration of the posterior choanae. In 67% of cases choanal atresia is unilateral, affecting mainly (71%) the right nasal cavity. In contrast to the unilateral form, bilateral choanal atresia is a life-threatening condition often associated with respiratory distress with feeding and intermittent cyanosis exacerbated by crying. Surgical treatment remains the only therapeutic option. Objective: To report our experience in the use of a transnasal endoscopic approach with stentless single side-hinged flap technique for the surgical management of choanal atresia. Methods: A 5 year retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes of 18 patients treated for choanal atresia with a transnasal technique employing a single side-hinged flap without stent placement. All subjects were assessed preoperatively with a nasal endoscopy and a Maxillofacial computed tomography scan. Results: Ten males and eight females with a mean age at the time of surgery of 20.05 ± 11.32 years, underwent surgery for choanal atresia. Fifteen subjects (83.33%) had a bony while 3 (26.77%) a mixed bony-membranous atretic plate. Two and sixteen cases suffered from bilateral and unilateral choanal atresia respectively. No intra- and/or early postoperative complications were observed. Between 2 and 3 months after surgery two cases (11.11%) of partial restenosis were found. Only one of these presented a relapse of the nasal obstruction and was subsequently successfully repaired with a second endoscopic procedure. Conclusion: The surgical technique described follows the basic requirements of corrective surgery and allows good visualization, evaluation and treatment of the atretic plate and the posterior third of the septum, in order to create the new choanal opening. We believe that the use of a stent is not necessary, as recommended in case of other surgical techniques involving the use of more mucosal flaps.

Resumo Introdução: A atresia de coanas é uma malformação congênita rara da cavidade nasal caracterizada pela obliteração completa da coana posterior. Em 67% dos casos a atresia coanal é unilateral, acomete principalmente (71%) a cavidade nasal direita. Diferentemente da forma unilateral, a atresia coanal bilateral é uma condição com risco de vida, frequentemente associada a insuficiência respiratória à alimentação e cianose intermitente exacerbada pelo choro. O tratamento cirúrgico ainda é a única opção terapêutica. Objetivo: Relatar a nossa experiência no uso de uma abordagem endoscópica transnasal com a técnica de retalho articulado de um lado só sem colocação de stent para o tratamento cirúrgico da atresia coanal. Método: Análise retrospectiva de 5 anos dos desfechos cirúrgicos de 18 pacientes tratados para atresia coanal com uma técnica transnasal com um único retalho de articulação lateral, sem colocação de stent. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados no pré-operatório com endoscopia nasal e um exame de tomografia computadorizada maxilofacial. Resultados: Dez homens e oito mulheres com idade média de 20,05 ± 11,32 anos à cirurgia foram submetidos a cirurgia para atresia de coanas. Quinze (83,33%) apresentavam placa atrésica óssea e três (26,77%) placa atrésica ósseo-membranosa mista. Dois e 16 casos tinham atresia coanal bilateral e unilateral, respectivamente. Não foram observadas complicações intra e/ou pós-operatórias precoces. Entre 2 e 3 meses após a cirurgia dois casos (11,11%) de restenose parcial foram identificados. Apenas um deles apresentou uma recidiva da obstrução nasal e, portanto, foi reparado com sucesso com um segundo procedimento endoscópico. Conclusão: A técnica cirúrgica descrita segue os requisitos básicos de cirurgia corretiva e possibilita boa visualização, avaliação e tratamento da placa atrésica e do terço posterior do septo, a fim de criar a nova abertura coanal. Pensamos que o uso de um stent não é necessário, tal como recomendado no caso de outras técnicas cirúrgicas que envolvem o uso de mais retalhos de mucosas.

Tratamiento endoscópico de las epistaxis posteriores: Experiencia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2007 y 2011 / Endoscopic treatment of posterior epistaxis: Experience at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile between the years 2007 and 2011

Introducción: La epistaxis corresponde al motivo de consulta de urgencia más frecuente en otorrinolaringología. Su etiología es multifactorial, predominantemente de causa traumática. Una alternativa de manejo quirúrgico en los casos de epistaxis significativa es la cauterización o ligadura endoscópica de la arteria esfenopalatina (AEP). Objetivos: Este estudio pretende revisar la experiencia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile en el manejo endoscópico de pacientes con epistaxis posterior. Material y método: Se revisaron los registros quirúrgicos del servicio entre los años 2007y 2011 considerando todos los pacientes que fueron tratados por epistaxis posterior mediante cirugía endoscópica nasal. Resultados: Se revisó un total de 23 casos. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 52±18 años. Sesenta por ciento presentaba el antecedente de hipertensión arterial en tratamiento. Se realizó ligadura con clips más electrocauterización de AEP en 52,1% de los casos, ligadura con clips de AEP en 26,2%%, y electrocauterización de AEP en 21,7%% de los casos. Discusión y conclusiones: El manejo endoscópico de las epistaxis posteriores es una técnica sencilla y reproducible, constituyendo una herramienta terapéutica segura y eficaz para estos pacientes.

Introduction: Epistaxis is by far the most common emergency complaint in otolaryngology. Its etiology is multifactorial, predominantly by traumatic causes. An alternative in surgical management of significant epistaxis cases, is the endoscopic cauterization or ligature of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA). Aim: This study aims to review the experience of the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile in the endoscopic management of patients with posterior epistaxis. Material and methods: The surgical records have been reviewed between the years 2007and 2011, considering all patients who were treated for posterior epistaxis, by endoscopic nasal surgery. Results: A total of 23 cases were reviewed. The average age of patients was 52 ± 18 years. 60% of patients had a history of hypertension in treatment. Clip ligature with electrocauterization of the SPA was performed in 52.1% of cases, clip ligature of the SPA in 26.2%%, and isolated electrocauterization of the SPA in 21.7%% of cases. Discussion and conclusions: Endoscopic treatment of posterior epistaxis is a simple and reproducible technique, being a safe and effective therapeutic tool for these patients.

Effect of Controlled Hypotension by Nitroglycerin Combined with Smolol in Endoscopic Nasal Surgery / 医学研究杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin and esmolol in the operation of endoscopic nasal surgery.Methods 60 patients undergoing selective endoscopic nasal surgery were randomly divided into three groups averagely: control group (groupⅠ), controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin group(group Ⅱ), controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin and esmolol group (groupⅢ). Every group has 20 patients.Mean artery pressure (MAP), HR, scores of surgical field quality(SSFQ) were recorded before anaesthesia and 10,20,30,40 minutes after anaesthesia. After the operation, bleeding capacity, operation time and dosage of nitroglycerin were recorded too.Results The bleeding capacity and operation time in groupⅡ and Ⅲ was significantly less than that in groupⅠ(P

Treatment of Tumor in Nasopharynx and the Base of Nasal Cavity by Hard Palate Approach Through Endoscopic Surgery / 医学研究杂志

Objective To evaluate the practical value tumor from nasopharynxl and the base of nasal cavity . Methods 12 patients , among these 5 cases suffered from the tumor of the base of nasal cavity and 7 from nasopharynx , were treated from January 2001 to January 2005 . After general anesthesia the tumors were incised by hard palate approach , and the preoperative selective intraarterial embolization were used in three nasopharyngeal tumors, and The controlled hypotension were used during surgery ifnecessary.Results Two malignant tumors were changed the type of surgery after the operation quick freeze pathologic examination. The mucosal flaps of other 10 cases survived and the function of phonation、swallowing、respiration and mastication were normal. The patients remained free of disease after follow-up period of over 1 year. Conclusions The endoscopic managent of resection tumor of nasopharynxl and the base of nasal cavity by hard palate approach have great advantage to traditional hard palate approach.