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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379923

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir clínica y diagnóstico de 152 pacientes pediátricos asistentes al policlínico del Programa de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (ENM) en un centro terciario de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de fichas programa EMN (2012-2016). RESULTADOS: 49% niñas, mediana de edad: 9 años (rango, 0­18), consultan por alteraciones de la marcha, debilidad e hipotonía. Segmentos más afectados son músculo y nervio periférico (92%). Diagnósticos más frecuentes son neuropatías adquiridas (26,1%), distrofias musculares (14,8%) y trastornos miotónicos (12,7%). Comorbilidades más frecuentes son patología traumatológica (23,2%) y discapacidad intelectual (13,4%). Los pacientes con patología hereditaria tienen mayor chance de requerir ventilación mecánica (OR 15,4; IC 95% 1,9­119,2) y presentar morbilidad traumatológica (OR 4,1; IC 1,03­16,4) que los con patología adquiridas. Confirmación genético-molecular en 38,4% de los pacientes con patología hereditaria. CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de características clínicas y posibilidades de estudio de las ENM puede mejorar las estrategias de atención.


INTRODUCTION: Neuromuscular diseases (NMS) represent a heterogeneous group of acquired and hereditary pathologies that affect the motor unit. There are few descriptive studies of patients with NMS in Chile and Latin America. OBJECTIVES: To clinically and epidemiologically characterize the pediatric population attending a polyclinic run using the NMS program of a hospital in the Metropolitan Region in Chile. Methodology: A review was made of database and clinical records of patients diagnosed with NMS between January 2012 and December 2016. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients, 51% of whom were male, with a median age 9 years (0-18 years), were included. The most frequent reasons for consultation were altered gait, decreased strength, and hypotonia. The most frequently affected segments were muscles and peripheral nerves (92% of the sample). The most frequent diagnoses were acquired neuropathies (26.1%), muscular dystrophies (14.8%), and myotonic disorders (12.7%). The most frequent comorbidities were traumatological pathologies (23.2%) and intellectual disabilities (13.4%). When comparing NMS with hereditary vs. acquired etiologies, those with hereditary etiologies had a higher risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (OR 15.4 [95%CI 1.9-119.2]) and having a traumatological disease (OR 4.1 [CI 1.03-16.4]) compared to those with acquired etiologies. For 38.4% of patients with hereditary etiologies, confirmation was obtained through molecular genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on the frequency of NMS and their main comorbidities in a Chilean pediatric sample. These results provide information regarding current possibilities for studies and could aid in planning care for these patients in our country. Keywords: Neuromuscular disease, Muscular disease, Neuropathies, Neurological Diagnostic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Neuromusculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Neuromusculares/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Chile , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412191

RESUMO

Las Enfermedades Neuromusculares (ENM) representan un grupo heterogéneo de patologías adquiridas y hereditarias que afectan la unidad motora. Existen escasos estudios descriptivos en Chile y Latinoamérica de pacientes con ENM. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a población pediátrica asistente a policlínico del Programa de ENM en periodo de 3 años en hospital de Región Metropolitana. Pacientes y Método: Revisión de base de datos y fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de ENM entre enero 2012 y diciembre 2016. Resultados: 142 pacientes, 51% sexo masculino, mediana de edad 9 años (0-18). Motivos de consulta frecuentes fueron alteración de la marcha, falta de fuerza e hipotonía. Los segmentos más afectados fueron músculo y nervio periférico (92% de la muestra). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron Neuropatías Adquiridas (26,1%), Distrofias Musculares (14,8%) y Trastornos Miotónicos (12,7%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron las patologías traumatológicas (23,2%) y discapacidad intelectual (13.4%). Los pacientes con patología hereditaria presentaron mayor riesgo de requerimiento de ventilación mecánica (OR 15,4 [IC 95% 1.9-119.2]) y comorbilidad traumatológica (OR 4,1[IC 1.0316.4]) que los con patología adquiridas. 38,4 % de los pacientes con etiología hereditaria tuvieron confirmación genético-molecular. Conclusiones: Este estudio da información de la frecuencia de las distintas ENM y sus principales comorbilidades en una muestra pediátrica chilena. Aporta datos referentes a las posibilidades de estudio disponible en nuestro país y podría ser de ayuda en la planificación de la atención de estos pacientes. Palabras claves: enfermedad neuromuscular, enfermedad muscular, neuropatías, diagnóstico neurológico.


Neuromuscular diseases (NMS) represent a heterogeneous group of acquired and hereditary pathologies that affect the motor unit. There are few descriptive studies of patients with NMS in Chile and Latin America. Objective: To clinically and epidemiologically characterize the pediatric population attending a NMS polyclinic of a hospital in the Metropolitan region. Methodology: A database and clinical record review of patients diagnosed with NMS between January 2012 and December 2016 was performed. Results: A total of 142 patients, 51% of whom were male, with a median age 9 years (0-18 years), were included. The most frequent reasons for consultation were altered gait, lack of strength, and hypotonia. The most frequently affected segments were muscles and peripheral nerves (92% of the sample). The most frequent diagnoses were acquired neuropathies (26.1%), muscular dystrophies (14.8%), and myotonic disorders (12.7%). The most frequent comorbidities were traumatological pathologies (23.2%), and intellectual disabilities (13.4%). When comparing NMS with hereditary vs. acquired etiologies, those with hereditary etiologies had a higher risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (OR 15.4 [95%CI 1.9-119.2]) and having traumatological disease (OR 4.1 [CI 1.03-16.4]), compared to those with acquired etiologies. For 38.4% of patients with hereditary etiologies, confirmation was obtained through a molecular genetic test. Conclusions: This study provides information on the frequency of NMS and their main comorbidities in a Chilean pediatric sample. These results provide information regarding current possibilities for studies and could aid in planning care for these patients in our country. Palabras claves: Neuromuscular disease, Muscular disease, Neuropathies, Neurological Diagnostic.

3.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(10): 533-540, 20170000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1371495

RESUMO

Introducción: La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D es alta, afectando a jóvenes y adultos. Además de los trastornos esqueléticos originados por este déficit, se evidenció la presencia de otros trastornos, debido a la acción de la vitamina D en otros órganos y sistemas. La reducción de los niveles séricos de esta hormona se correlaciona con la presencia de un sindrome miopático que afecta a los músculos proximales de los miembros. Objetivo: Evaluar retrospectivamente los hallazgos electromiográficos de un grupo de pacientes que consultaron por debilidad muscular y/o déficit de fuerza proximal en quienes se descartaron otras causas de miopatía. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes, con una edad media de 51 años (24-64), con un cuadro clínico compatible con miopatía, con hipovitaminosis D. Se descartaron otras causas de miopatía. Se analizaron los datos electromiográficos obtenidos durante el reposo y los hallazgos cuantitativos realizados en los músculos bíceps braquial y vasto interno en forma cruzada mediante el multianálisis de los Potenciales de unidad motora (PUM) durante el esfuerzo voluntario leve. Se compararon los siguientes parámetros: amplitudes, duraciones, número de fases y el índice "thickness" de los PUM de los pacientes evaluados, con los datos publicados por la literatura; se relacionó cada uno de esos parámetros con los niveles séricos de vitamina D. Resultados: En ninguno de los músculos evaluados se evidenció la presencia de actividad espontánea durante el reposo. Se halló una diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en todos los parámetros evaluados: amplitudes, duraciones, número de fases e índice "thickness". Ninguno de estos parámetros alterados fue correlacionado con los niveles séricos de vitamina D. Conclusión: La hipovitaminosis D se asocia con debilidad muscular proximal que se manifiesta en el examen físico neuromuscular y se confirma mediante el examen electrofisiológico utilizando el paradigma multi-MUAP de electromiografía cuantitativa. No se asocia con actividad espontánea en en reposo. Es de vital importancia su reconocimiento dado que se trata de un desorden reversible con la terapia adecuada


Introduction: the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is high, affecting young people and also adults. In addition to the skeletal disorders caused by this deficit, the presence of other disorders was evidenced, due to the action of Vitamin D in other organs and systems. The reduction of serum levels of this hormone correlates with the presence of a myopathic syndrome that affects the proximal muscles of the limbs. Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the electromyographic findings of a group of patients who consulted due to muscular weakness and / or proximal force deficit in whom other causes of myopathy were ruled out. Materials and methods: 22 patients were studied, with an average age of 51 years (24-64), with a clinical picture compatible with myopathy, with hypovitaminosis D. Other causes of myopathy were ruled out. We analyzed the electromyographic data obtained during rest and the quantitative findings made in the biceps brachialis and vastus medialis in a crossed way by means of the multianalysis of the Potentials of the motor unit (PUM) during the mild voluntary effort. The following parameters were compared: amplitudes, durations, number of phases and the thickness index of the PUM of the evaluated patients, with the data published by the literature; each of these parameters was related to serum vitamin D levels. Results: In none of the evaluated muscles was evidentiated the presence of spontaneous activity during rest. A significant difference (p <0.05) was found in all parameters evaluated: amplitudes, durations, number of phases and thickness index. None of these altered parameters was correlated with serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with proximal muscle weakness that manifests itself in the neuromuscular physical examination and is confirmed by electrophysiological examination using the multi-MUAP quantitative electromyography paradigm. It is not associated with spontaneous activity at rest. Its recognition is of vital importance given that it is a reversible disorder with the appropriate therapy


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vitamina D , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Eletromiografia , Doenças Musculares/complicações
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