Trabalho e saúde do trabalhador no contexto atual: ensinamentos da Enquete Europeia sobre Condições de Trabalho / Work and worker's health in the current context: what the European Working Conditions Survey teaches us

Resumo Este artigo visa contribuir para as reflexões sobre a construção de uma pesquisa nacional, no Brasil, que aborde a relação entre trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores. Uma pesquisa que produza conhecimentos para subsidiar as ações dos atores sociais nos seus diferentes espaços, como o da negociação coletiva e da construção de políticas públicas, e sobre os determinantes do processo saúde-doença, dado que, se a sociedade tiver como objetivo resolver o problema do sofrimento, do adoecimento e dos acidentes vinculados ao trabalho, não será possível manter o foco apenas nas consequências desses eventos, sendo necessário também atuar sobre suas causas. Para realizar tal reflexão, será utilizado a European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), aplicada nos países da União Europeia (UE) desde 1990, que traz informações sobre como as diferentes dimensões do trabalho vêm impactando a saúde dos trabalhadores, servindo como importante referência para a elaboração de políticas públicas objetivando melhoria das condições de vida e trabalho dos trabalhadores europeus.

Abstract This article is a contribution to the ongoing discussion concerning the desirability of a national enquiry in Brazil that would study the relationship between work and worker's health. This enquiry would supply data to bolster social partner's actions in their diverse environments, such as collective bargaining and public policies. Better understanding the determinant factors in the health-sickness process provides essential knowledge for curbing ever increasing work-related suffering, sickness and accidents. One should not only focus on the consequences, but also on the causes of these problems. We based our approach on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which has been implemented in all EU countries since 1990. This survey allows a better understanding of how varying work aspects can impact worker's health and has become essential reference when developing public policies seeking to improve living conditions for European workers.

A interdisciplinaridade na violência sexual / The interdisciplinarity in sexual violence

O artigo aborda a inquirição da vítima de violência sexual como afronta aos direitos humanos da criança, na medida em que busca a obtenção da prova em detrimento da proteção da vítima. Aponta a ação interdisciplinar como indispensável ao trabalho envolvendo violência sexual praticada contra a criança, dando ênfase à perícia realizada por profissionais de diversas áreas (Serviço Social, Psicologia, Pedagogia, Pediatra) como instrumento capaz de produzir a prova e de garantir a dignidade e o respeito à vítima.

The article is about the inquiry of the victim of sexual violence as an affront to children's human rights, because it searches to get evidence at the loss of the victim's protection. It points out that the interdisciplinary action is essential to the work involving the sexual violence against children, and it emphasizes the examination accomplished by professionals from different areas (Social Work, Psychology, Education, Pediatrics) as a way to produce evidence and to guarantee the victim's dignity and respect.

A review of maternal mortality in Malaysia

There has been a significant decline in maternal mortality from 540 per 100,000 live births in I957 to 28 per 100,000 in 2010. This decline is due to several factors. Firstly the introduction of the rural health infrastructure which is mainly constructing health centres and midwife clinics for the rural population. This provided the accessibility and availability of primary health care and specially, antenatal care for the women. This also helped to increase the antenatal coverage for the women to 98% in 2010 and it increased the average number of antenatal visits per women from 6 in 1980 to 12 visits in 2010 for pregnant women. Along with the introduction of health centres, another main feature was the introduction of specific programmes to address the needs of the women and children. In the 1950s the introduction of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programme was an important step. Later in the late 1970s there was the introduction of the High Risk Approach in MCH care and Safe Motherhood in the 1980s. In 1990, an important step was the introduction of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD). Another significant factor in the reduction is the identification of high risk mothers and this is being done by the introduction of the colour coding system in the health centres. Other factors include the increase in the number of safe deliveries by skilled personnel and the reduction in the number of deliveries by the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). The reduction in fertility rate from 6.3 in 1960 to 3.3 in 2010 has been another important factor. To achieve the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to further reduce maternal deaths by 50%, more needs to be done especially to identify maternal deaths that are missed by omission or misclassification and also to capture the late maternal deaths.

Encuesta nacional sobre tratamiento quirúrgico de patología del hígado, vía biliar y páncreas / An enquiry about liver, biliary and pancreatic surgery in Chile

Background: Chile has a high incidence of cholelithiasis and associated complications, that usually require surgical treatment. Aim: Lo carry out an enquiry about biliary diseases and their surgical treatment in public and prívate surgical services in Chile. Material and Methods: An enquiry about liver and biliary diseases and their treatment was designed and sent by electronic mail to 35 surgical services. Results: Lhe enquiry was answeredby 17 services. A total of 9.505 cholecystectomies were reported. Between21 and 98 percent of the procedures were laparoscopic. Iatrogenic lesions of the biliary tree were reported in 0.3 percent of the procedures. Choledocolithiasis was found associated to cholelithiasis in 0 to 21 percent of procedures. However, the use of intraoperative cholangiography was incidental. Lhe incidence of gallbladder cancer in cholecystectomies for cholelithiasis fluctuated between 0.2 and 8.9 percent. Liver metastases derived from colorectal cancer were the most common liver tumor operated. Hydatidosis was more common in southern Chile. Pancreatic excision was almost exclusively performed in Metropolitan Santiago. Conclusions: This information will allow the establishment of information and collaboration channels among the surgical services throughout Chile.

Se trata de una encuesta realizada con el objeto de conocer la frecuencia e incidencia de las principales patologías y técnicas quirúrgicas de la esfera hepato-bilio-pancreática atendida en centros de salud públicos y privados del país durante el año 2007. La encuesta fue respondida por 17 instituciones nacionales. Entre los resultados resaltan el total de colecistectomías reportadas de 9.505, de las cuales entre un 21 y 98 por ciento son realizadas por vía laparoscópica. Lesiones iatrogénicas de vía biliar ocurrieron dentro de un rango de 0 a 1,5 por ciento, con una mediana de 0,3 por ciento. La frecuencia de coledocolitiasis asociada a la colelitiasis ocurrió entre un 0 a 21 por ciento, aunque el empleo de colangiografía intraoperatoria es en general de ocurrencia incidental. La incidencia de cáncer vesicular en colecistectomías por colelitiasis es claramente distinta según se trate de instituciones de centro-norte y sur del país, con incidencias que varían entre 0,2 y 8,9 por ciento. Las metástasis hepáticas operadas son principalmente de origen colorrectal, y son los tumores hepáticos más frecuentemente tratados. La hidatidosis hepática manifiesta en esta encuesta su conocida distribución geográfica, siendo más frecuentemente tratada en los centros del sur del país. La cirugía pancreática resectiva tiende a estar concentrada en las instituciones de la región metropolitana.

Em resposta a "Isto não é bom o suficiente": reflexões sobre a pesquisa em Educação Ambiental no Canadá em contextos de expansão / In response to "It's just not good enough": Thoughts on Canadianwork within expanding contexts of Environmental Education research

Este artigo tem o propósito de oferecer um panorama da pesquisa em Educação Ambiental, da perspectiva canadense, no contexto da América do Norte. Desse ponto de vista, procuro, embora de forma perigosa, representar alguns pesquisadores e educadores canadenses que trabalham com Educação Ambiental2 e que escrevem sobre suas atividades, especialmente aqueles que responderam ao meu pedido de ajuda para a articulação de ideias a respeito do que está acontecendo e do que podemos falar sobre direções e possibilidades para o futuro em relação às nossas investigações atuais. Reconheço minha posição relativamente privilegiada nesse processo e também as limitações desse tipo de representação. Aceitei então a responsabilidade de explorar territórios de investigação que, a meu ver, parecem capturar, embora com várias lacunas, algumas reflexões e ideias que têm sido produzidas recentemente entre pesquisadores canadenses. Reconhecendo o caráter oscilante dos discursos no legado histórico de questões conceitualmente controversas e direções variadas, tento simplesmente localizar trajetórias que sugerem lampejos e aberturas para pensar e debater o global e o local na pesquisa em Educação Ambiental, com base em minha perspectiva como pesquisador que vive e trabalha no contexto da educação e da Educação Ambiental canadenses.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview that traces a range of work on environmental education research from a Canadian perspective within a North American context. This viewpoint attempts dangerously to represent a number of explorations of Canadian environmental education researchers and practitioners , who write about their activities and, in particular, those who responded to my request for help in coming to articulate ideas about what is going on and what we may say about directions and possibilities for the future in respect of our current inquiries. I recognize my relatively privileged position within this process as well as the limitations of this form of representation. So, I have accepted the responsibility of exploring landscapes of inquiry that seem to me to capture, albeit with many gaps and missing intentions, some thoughts and ideas that have been produced recently amongst Canadian researchers. Recognizing the changing nature of the discourses amongst the legacy of history across conceptually contested points and varied directions, I attempt simply to locate trajectories that suggest possible insights and openings for thinking and debate on the global and local in environmental education research, from my perspective as a researcher living and working within Canadian education and environmental education.

Design and Implement of Enquiry System for Hospitalization Charge Based on Secure Data Exchange / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To improve the transparency of medical service charge and show respect to the patient's right to know and choose.Methods The hospitalization charge data was published from intranet to internet using secure data exchange.Enquiry system for hospitalization charge was designed and implemented.Results Patients and their family members can query their hospitalization charge using internet to know their charge and medication.Conclusion This system can improve the satisfaction of patient,enhance hospital's management,and the social benefit is great.