Prevalence and risk factors for infection with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/ moshkovskii complex in people living in the slightest and outermost islands of Indonesia

@#Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), the causative agent of amoebiasis, is still a global public health problem that cannot be controlled, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. This study was conducted to obtain information about the incidence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/ moshkovskii complex infection and the factors that influence it. The prevalence of infection with the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex and the factors that influence it in people living on the smallest and outermost island of Indonesia, Sabang Island, Aceh Province. This study involved 335 respondents aged > 10 years. Respondents were selected by non-probability sampling technique. Interviews and observations were conducted to identify risk factors. The Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/ moshkovskii complex was identified by direct examination, concentration, and Whitley’s trichrome staining techniques. A Chi-Square test was performed to analyze the correlation of risk factors with the incidence of infection. The prevalence of infection with the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/ moshkovskii complex in the people of Sabang Island was 26.6% (89/335). Source and adequacy of clean water correlated with the incidence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex infection. Demographic variables are not correlated with the incidence of infection. However, the group of women aged > 61 years, unemployed, unmarried, and earning less than the regional minimum wage tend to be more likely to be found with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex infections. Thus it can be concluded that the prevalence of infection with the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex on Sabang Island is in the high category. The prevalence of E. histolytica as the causative agent of amoebiasis cannot be explained with certainty because the two identical non-pathogenic Entamoeba species cannot be distinguished by microscopic identification. Sources and adequacy of clean water correlate with the incidence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex infection in the people of Sabang Island.

Prevalencia de enteroparásitos y anticuerpos IgG anti-Entamoeba histolytica en indígenas de la comunidad de Toromo, estado Zulia, Venezuela / Prevalence of enteroparasites and IgG antibodies anti-Entamoeba histolytica in the indigenous community of Toromo, Zulia State, Venezuela

Para determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Entamoeba histolytica y la prevalencia de los enteroparásitos en indígenas de la comunidad de Toromo, estado Zulia, Venezuela, se estudiaron 69 individuos de ambos sexos, de 1 a 60 años de edad, en el año 2012. Se recolectaron muestras de heces y suero; a todas las muestras fecales se les realizó examen microscópico con solución fisiológica y lugol, concentración con formol-éter y coloración de Kinyoun; para la detección de anticuerpos IgG anti-Entamoeba histolytica en suero, se empleó una técnica de ELISA comercial. El 98,6% de los individuos estudiados estaban parasitados, predominando el poliparasitismo (88,2%), detectándose asociaciones de hasta 10 especies parasitarias. Entre las especies encontradas están, Ascaris lumbricoides el principal helminto (65%), y Blastocystis sp. (59%) el protozoario más frecuente. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii se detectó por microscopia en 25 individuos (36% de prevalencia), donde se incluyó un caso de infección por Entamoeba histolytica, por haberse encontrado trofozoítos hematófagos. Se observó una seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra E. histolytica, del 83%. De los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que existe una elevada seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra E. histolytica, así como una alta prevalencia de enteroparásitos en la población indígena estudiada.

In order to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica and intestinal parasites in the indigenous community of Toromo, Zulia state, Venezuela, 69 individuals of both sexes, from 1 to 60 years of age were studied during the year 2012. Stool and serum samples were collected. Microscopic study of fecal specimens was carried out by saline solution dilution, Lugol staining, formol-ether concentration and Kinyoun’s stain. For determination of anti-Entamoeba histolytica IgG antibodies, a commercial ELISA technique in serum was used; 98.6% of the population were parasitized, predominating the polyparasitism (88.24%) and finding up to 10 different parasite species were associated. The main parasitic species found were: Ascaris lumbricoides (65%), followed by Blastocystis sp. (59%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was detected by microscopy in 25 individuals (36% prevalence), which included a case of infection by Entamoeba histolytica as hematophagous trophozoites were observed. A seroprevalence of 83% for IgG anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies in the individuals studied was found. According to the results it is concluded, that there is a high seroprevalence of antibodies against E. histolytica, as well as a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in the indigenous population studied.